Centropyge

{{Short description|Genus of fishes}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = AburaYakkoAd.jpg

| image_caption = Centropyge tibicen

| image2 =

| image2_caption =

| taxon = Centropyge

| authority = Kaup, 1860

| type_species = Holacanthus tibicen

| type_species_authority = Cuvier 1831{{Cof family|family=Pomacanthidae|access-date=14 January 2021}}

| synonyms = *Paradiretmus Whitley, 1948

| synonyms_ref =

}}

Centropyge is a genus of ray-finned fish, marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean.{{FishBase_genus | genus = Centropyge | month = October | year = 2016 }} These species do not exceed 15 cm in length and live in haremic structures with one dominant male and multiple females.

Taxonomy

Centropyge is a paraphyletic genus. This is because Genicanthus and the polyphyletic genus Apolemichthys are nested within Centropyge.{{Cite journal |last=Gaither |first=Michelle R. |last2=Schultz |first2=Jennifer K. |last3=Bellwood |first3=David R. |last4=Pyle |first4=Richard L. |last5=DiBattista |first5=Joseph D. |last6=Rocha |first6=Luiz A. |last7=Bowen |first7=Brian W. |date=2014-05-01 |title=Evolution of pygmy angelfishes: Recent divergences, introgression, and the usefulness of color in taxonomy |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105579031400030X |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=74 |pages=38–47 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.01.017 |issn=1055-7903}}

Centropyge includes 3 subgenera and several species complexes. The subgenus Xiphypops only comprises all species within the C. acanthops complex, which include C. acanthops, C. argi, C. aurantonota, C. resplendens. Subgenus Paracentropyge comprises C. boylei, C. multifasciata, and C. venusta. These two subgenera are monophyletic and there is support for their elevation to genus status. All other species currently fall under the nominate subgenus Centropyge, which is not monophyletic. Different studies have designated different species complexes within Centropyge, based on differing definitions of the term 'species complex'.

Biology

Although it is difficult to distinguish the sexes, females are often shorter and more round finned. Like many other reef fish and all marine angelfish, the species in this genus are protogynous hermaphrodites, meaning that they start their adult lives as females and the dominant individual in a group can change to a male within days. A reversal of this sex change is possible if the social status of the individual changes, it is however a process that requires much more time.Hioki, S. & Suzuki, K. (1996): Sex changing from male to female on the way of protogynous process in three Centropyge angelfishes (Pomacanthidae: Teleostei). Bulletin of the Institute of Oceanic Research and Development, Tokai University, 17: 27–34. Uniquely amongst protogynous fish, males of at least one species of Centropyge (C. ferrugata) are capable of reversing sex change and changing back into females.{{Cite journal |last=Sakai |first=Yoichi |last2=Karino |first2=Kenji |last3=Kuwamura |first3=Tetsuo |last4=Nakashima |first4=Yasuhiro |last5=Maruo |first5=Yukiko |date=May 2003 |title=Sexually Dichromatic Protogynous Angelfish Centropyge ferrugata (Pomacanthidae) Males Can Change Back to Females |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2108/zsj.20.627 |journal=Zoological Science |language=en |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=627–633 |doi=10.2108/zsj.20.627 |issn=0289-0003}}

In aquaria

This genus prefer matured reef tanks due to the usually high water quality and the often used "live rock". In nature most species feed on algae, sponges and small benthic invertebrates. Having an abundance of well cured live rock will help to supplement their diet.Thomasser, A. [http://www.wetwebmedia.com/ca/volume_6/volume_6_2/multifasciata.htm Reef Safari! Keeping Multibarred Angelfish.] WetWebMedia. This is also in the interest of the aquarist, as underfed Centropyge angels may nip at corals and sessile invertebrates.Hauter, S. & Hauter, D. (2016): [http://saltaquarium.about.com/od/angelfishprofiles/tp/reeftanksafeangelfish.htm Reef Tank Safe Angelfish.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530053735/http://saltaquarium.about.com/od/angelfishprofiles/tp/reeftanksafeangelfish.htm |date=2009-05-30 }} Saltaquarium. Dwarf angels can be quite shy initially, hiding in corals, caves and crevices but become more outgoing when they have established their territory - if they are kept with appropriate tank mates and in appropriately sized tanks.Fenner, R. [http://www.wetwebmedia.com/marine/fishes/angels/centropyge/index.htm Perfect Little Angels, Genus Centropyge.] WetWebMedia.

Species

There are currently 35 recognized species in this genus:

class="wikitable"
ImageScientific nameCommon name! style="width: 300pt;" | Distribution
120pxCentropyge abei

G. R. Allen, Young & P. L. Colin, 2006

| Abe's pygmy angelfish

Western Pacific Ocean, amongst the islands of Indonesia and Palau
120pxCentropyge acanthops

(Norman, 1922)

| Orange-back pygmy angelfish

East coast of Africa,
120pxCentropyge argi

Woods & Kanazawa, 1951

| Cherub pygmy angelfish

The Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, North to North Carolina.
120pxCentropyge aurantia

J. E. Randall & Wass, 1974

| Golden pygmy angelfish

The western Pacific Ocean: Indonesia and the Great Barrier Reef.
120pxCentropyge aurantonotus

W. E. Burgess, 1974

| Flame-back pygmy angelfish

southern Caribbean Sea and the coastal waters of Brazil
120pxCentropyge bicolor

(Bloch, 1787)

| Bicolor pygmy angelfish

Indo-Pacific region: including East Africa, Southern Japan, Australia, and even Fiji.
120pxCentropyge bispinosa

(Günther, 1860)

| Two-spined pygmy angelfish

Indo-Pacific
120pxCentropyge boylei

Pyle & J. E. Randall, 1992

| Peppermint pygmy angelfish

Eastern-central Pacific around the Cook Islands and Rarotonga
Centropyge cocosensis

K. N. Shen, C. W. Chang, Delrieu-Trottin & Borsa, 2016

| Cocos pygmy angelfish Shen, K.-N., Chang, C.-W., Delrieu-Trottin, E. & Borsa, P. (2016): Lemonpeel (Centropyge flavissima) and yellow (C. heraldi) pygmy angelfishes each consist of two geographically isolated sibling species. Marine Biodiversity, 47 (3): 831–845.

Eastern Indian Ocean: Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Christmas Island.
120pxCentropyge colini

Smith-Vaniz & J. E. Randall, 1974

| Cocos-Keeling angelfish

Indo-west Pacific Ocean, including around the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Centropyge debelius

Pyle, 1990

| Blue Mauritius pygmy angelfish

Western Indian Ocean: Mauritius, Réunion, and the Aldabra Group (Seychelles).
Centropyge deborae

K. N. Shen, H. C. Ho & C. W. Chang, 2012

| Blue velvet pygmy angelfish Shen, K.-N., Ho, H.-C. & Chang, C.-W. (2012): [http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/51.3/415.pdf The Blue Velvet Angelfish Centropyge deborae sp. nov., a New Pomacanthid from the Fiji Islands, Based on Genetic and Morphological Analyses.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803191303/http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/51.3/415.pdf |date=2019-08-03 }} Zoological Studies, 51 (3): 415–423.

Fiji
120pxCentropyge eibli

Klausewitz, 1963

| Black-tail pygmy angelfish

The Indo-Pacific.
120pxCentropyge ferrugata

J. E. Randall & W. E. Burgess, 1972

| Rusty pygmy angelfish

Western Pacific Ocean
120pxCentropyge fisheri

(Snyder, 1904)

| Orange pygmy angelfish

Hawaii.
120pxCentropyge flavipectoralis

J. E. Randall & Klausewitz, 1977

| Yellow-fin pygmy angelfish

Indian Ocean
120pxCentropyge flavissima

(G. Cuvier, 1831)

| Lemon-peel pygmy angelfish

Indo-Pacific region
120x120pxCentropyge heraldi

Woods & L. P. Schultz, 1953

| Yellow pygmy angelfish

Pacific Ocean
Centropyge hotumatua

J. E. Randall & D. K. Caldwell, 1973

| Black-ear pygmy angelfish

Eastern Pacific: Austral (including Rapa), Pitcairn and Easter islands.
120pxCentropyge interrupta

(S. Tanaka (I), 1918)

| Japanese pygmy angelfish

Ogasawara Islands south of Japan.
Centropyge joculator

Smith-Vaniz & J. E. Randall, 1974

| Yellow-head pygmy angelfish

Eastern Indian Ocean: Cocos and Christmas Islands.
120pxCentropyge loriculus

(Günther, 1874)

| Flame pygmy angelfish

Reefs of Oceania, most common in Marshall, Line, and Cook Islands
120pxCentropyge multicolor

J. E. Randall & Wass, 1974

| Multicolor pygmy angelfish

Pacific Ocean
120pxCentropyge multispinis

(Playfair, 1867)

| Dusky pygmy angelfish

Tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific
Centropyge nahackyi

Kosaki, 1989

| Nahacky's pygmy angelfish

Eastern Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll. Strays reported from the Hawaiian Islands.
Centropyge narcosis

Pyle & J. E. Randall, 1993

| Narc pygmy angelfish

Cook Islands
Centropyge nigriocellus

Woods & L. P. Schultz, 1953

| Black-spot pygmy angelfish

Pacific Ocean near American Samoa; Cook Islands; Guam; Kiribati (Phoenix Is.); Marshall Islands; Micronesia, Federated States of ; Nauru; New Caledonia; Northern Mariana Islands; Papua New Guinea; Samoa; Tokelau; Tuvalu; United States Minor Outlying Islands (Howland-Baker Is., Johnston I., US Line Is.)
Centropyge nox

(Bleeker, 1853)

| Midnight pygmy angelfish

Western Pacific: Ryukyu Islands to Indonesia, the Solomon Islands, the Great Barrier Reef and New Caledonia
120pxCentropyge potteri

(D. S. Jordan & Metz, 1912)

| Russet pygmy angelfish

Johnston Atoll and the Hawaiian Islands in the central Pacific Ocean
Centropyge resplendens

Lubbock & Sankey, 1975

| Resplendent pygmy angelfish

Ascension Island
120pxCentropyge shepardi

J. E. Randall & Yasuda, 1979

| Mango pygmy angelfish

Northern Marianas Islands, Guam, and the Ogasawara Islands.
120pxCentropyge tibicen

(G. Cuvier, 1831)

|Key-hole pygmy angelfish

Indo-Pacific
119x119pxCentropyge venusta

(Yasuda & Tominaga, 1969)

| Purple-mask pygmy angelfish

Western Pacific
120x120pxCentropyge vrolikii

(Bleeker, 1853)

|Pearl-scale angelfish

Indo-West Pacific area
Centropyge woodheadi

Kuiter, 1998

| Black-fin pygmy angelfish

Southwestern Pacific: from the Great Barrier Reef to the Gambier archipelago.

References

{{Reflist}}

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Category:Pomacanthidae

Category:Marine fish genera

Category:Taxa named by Johann Jakob Kaup