Pieter Bleeker

{{Infobox scientist

| image = Pieter Bleeker.jpg

| birth_date = {{birth date|1819|7|10|df=y}}

| birth_place = Zaandam, the Netherlands

| death_date = {{death date and age|1878|01|24|1819|07|10|df=y}}

| death_place = The Hague, the Netherlands

| fields = {{Unbulleted list|Herpetology|Ichthyology|Tropical medicine}}

| workplaces = Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
National Museum of Natural History (France)
Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies

| awards = Doctorates honoris causa at Leyden University and Utrecht University, Légion d'honneur

| known_for = Atlas Ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises

| author_abbrev_zoo = Bleeker

}}

Pieter Bleeker (10 July 1819 – 24 January 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He was famous for the Atlas Ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises, his monumental work on the fishes of East Asia published between 1862 and 1877.

Life and work

Bleeker was born on 10 July 1819 in Zaandam.{{cite web|url=https://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00002704 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715102930/https://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00002704 |title=Pieter Bleeker (1819 - 1878) |publisher=Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences |archive-date=15 July 2020}} He was employed as a medical officer in the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army from 1842 to 1860,{{cite journal|pmid=21560380|volume=44|issue=3|title=[Pieter Bleeker (1819-1878) physician and passionate naturalist]|journal=Histoire des sciences médicales|pages=257–267|author=van Heiningen TW|year=2010}} (in French). stationed in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). During that time, he did most of his ichthyology work, besides his duties in the army. He acquired many of his specimens from local fishermen, but he also built up an extended network of contacts who would send him specimens from various government outposts throughout the islands. During his time in Indonesia, he collected well over 12,000 specimens, many of which currently reside at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden.{{Cite web|title=Naturalis Topstukken|url=http://topstukken.naturalis.nl/object/vissen-van-bleeker|access-date=2021-04-08|website=topstukken.naturalis.nl|language=nl}} Bleeker corresponded with Auguste Duméril of Paris. His work in ichthyology and tropical medicine was recognised by two doctorates honoris causa (Leyden University, 1846; Utrecht University, 1849).

After his return to the Netherlands in 1860, he started publishing the Atlas Ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises, a comprehensive account of his studies done in Indonesia, featuring over 1,500 illustrations. It was published in 36 volumes between 1862 and his death in 1878. Between 1977 and 1983, the Smithsonian republished the work in 10 volumes.

Bleeker published more than 500 papers on ichthyology, describing 511 new genera and 1,925 new species.

He also worked in herpetology, describing at least 14 species of reptiles,{{cite journal|author=Bleeker P|year=1860|title=Over de Reptiliën-fauna van Sumatra|journal=Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië|volume=21|pages=284–298}} (in Dutch).[http://www.reptile-database.org/ The Reptile Database] most of them described in Reptilien van Agam.Bleeker P (1860). [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13420936 Reptilien van Agam]. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie, Batavia 20: 325-329. (in Dutch).

In 1855, he became correspondent of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, department Natuurkunde (then Natural Sciences), and in 1862 a member. In 1856, he was elected correspondent for the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris. In January 1864 he received a French knighthood of the Légion d'honneur. He was president of the Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies.

Bleeker died on 24 January 1878 in The Hague.

File:Pieter Bleeker.gif

Pieter Bleeker - Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences.jpg

Pieter-Bleeker-1819-1878.jpg

Taxa named in his honor

Fish named after him include:

Osteochilus bleekeri is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Borneo and Sumatra.{{FishBase|genus=Osteochilus|species= bleekeri|month=November|year=2014}}
The Stone Loach Triplophysa bleekeri (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874)
Argyrops bleekeri Oshima, 1927{{cite web | url = http://www.etyfish.org/spariformes/ | title = Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE | access-date= 29 April 2022 | author1 = Christopher Scharpf | author2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara | date = 22 September 2018}}

Chlorurus bleekeri, known commonly as Bleeker's parrotfish, is a species of marine fish in the family Scaridae.{{cite web | url = http://www.etyfish.org/labriformes1/ | title = Order LABRIFORMES: Family LABRIDAE (a-h) | access-date= 27 February 2023 | author1 = Christopher Scharpf | author2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara | date = 22 September 2018}}

The Shark minnow Luciosoma bleekeri Steindachner, 1878 is named after him.{{cite web | url = http://www.etyfish.org/danionidae/ | title = Family DANIONIDAE: Bleeker 1863 (Danios) | access-date= 6 February 2025 | author1 = Christopher Scharpf | author2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara | date = 22 September 2018}}

Taxa described by him

See :Category:Taxa named by Pieter Bleeker

Pieter Bleeker

Life and work

Taxa named in his honor

Taxa described by him

See also

References

Further reading