Cepolinae
{{Short description|Subfamily of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Cepola macrophthalma 01.JPG
| image_caption = Cepola macrophthalma
| taxon = Cepolinae
| authority = Rafinesque, 1815{{cite journal | author1 = Richard van der Laan | author2 = William N. Eschmeyer | author3 = Ronald Fricke | name-list-style = amp | year = 2014 | title = Family-group names of Recent fishes | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268078514 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3882 | issue = 2 | pages = 001–230 | access-date = 24 July 2021}}
}}
Cepolinae is one of two subfamilies of marine ray-finned fish belonging to family Cepolidae, the bandfishes.
Taxonomy
Cepolinae was named by the French polymath Constantine Samuel Rafinesque as the family Cepolidae. It became a subfamily when the genus Owstonia was added to the Cepolidae, having previously been considered a monotypic family Owstonidae, and now considered to be the subfamily Owstoninae.{{cite journal | author1 = W.F. Smith-Vaniz | author2 = G.D. Johnson | name-list-style = amp | year = 2016 | title = Hidden diversity in deep-water bandfishes: review of Owstonia with descriptions of twenty-one new species (Teleostei: Cepolidae: Owstoniinae) | url = http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4187.1.1/9273 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 4187 | issue =1 | pages = 1–103| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.4187.1.1 | pmid = 27988769 | url-access = subscription }} The name, Cepolinae, is derived from the Linnaeus’ 1764 name for the type genus, Cepola and means "little onion", Linnaeus did not explain why he chose this name. It is likely derived from cepollam or cepulam, which in 1686 was said by Francis Willughby to be local names among Roman fishermen for the similar "Fierasfer", a pearlfish, to which Linnaeus believed Cepola macrophthalma was related. As well as this, in 1872 Giovanni Canestrini reported that in Naples the common name for C. macropthalma is Pesce cipolia meaning “onion fish”.{{cite web | url = https://etyfish.org/priacanthiformes/ | title = Order Priacanthiformes: Families Priacanthidae and Cepolidae | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | editor1= Christopher Scharpf | editor2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp |date = 3 September 2020 | access-date = 15 August 2021 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}
Genera
There are two genera in the subfamily Cepolinae, containing 9 species:{{FishBase family|family=Cepolidae|month=June|year=2021}}
- Acanthocepola Bleeker, 1874
- Cepola Linnaeus, 1764
Characteristics
Cepolinae bandfishes are clearly elongated in shape, more so than Owstonia bandfishes. They have total counts of 48-79 vertebrae and 55-90 soft rays in the dorsal fin. The last soft rays of both the dorsal and anal fins are joined to the caudal fin by a membrane.{{FishBase family|family=Cepolidae|month=June|year=2021}} They vary in maximum total length from {{cvt|25|cm}} in Cepola australis to {{cvt|80|cm}} in Cepola macrophthalma.
==Distribution, habitat and biology==
Cepolinae bandfishes are found in the eastern Atlantic, including the Mediterranean Sea, and in the Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific Ocean.{{FishBase genus|genus=Acanthcepola|month=June|year=2021}} {{FishBase genus|genus=Cepola|month=June|year=2021}} They live over soft bottoms of sand and mud, burrowing into the substrate and feed on zooplankton.