Cerro Largo Department

At the end of the 18th century, apart from the indigenous people, the area was populated by the Spanish and the Portuguese alike. In 1795, the Captain of the Spanish Infantry Agustín de la Rosa founded the town of Melo, a fortress to repel attacks of the Portuguese and the Indios. The territory was invaded by the Portuguese in 1801, 1811, and 1816. The history of this place is marked by battles before, during and after the Independence of the Republic.{{cite web |url=http://www.cerrolargo.gub.uy/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=144&Itemid=38 |title=Historia de Cerro Largo |year=2012 |publisher=Intendencia de Cerro Largo |accessdate=17 September 2012}}

The old Posta del Chuy, {{convert|15|km}} from the town, was the historic Inn where travellers from Melo to Villa Artigas (the actual Río Branco) could rest and pay the fares for using the first public work of the Republic, the stone bridge over the stream Chuy del Tacuarí, today a Heritage Monument, built in 1855 by the French Basque brothers Etcheverry.

In 1830, when Uruguay was divided in nine departments, Cerro Largo was one of them, including the biggest part of what was later separated as the Treinta y Tres Department.

During the 19th and early 20th centuries, when intermittent periods of civil war occurred in Uruguay, the department was a stronghold of the Blanco party. This was the precursor of the Partido Nacional.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Local people are usually known as "arachanes", in memory of an extinct local ethnicity, the Arachán people.

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|title=Ethnic groups in Cerro Largo (2011 est.){{cite web|title=Población por sexo y ascendencia étnico racial, según departamento.|language=es|publisher=National Institute of Statistics|url=https://www.ine.gub.uy/web/guest/censos-2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130232330/https://www.ine.gub.uy/web/guest/censos-2011|archive-date=30 November 2020}}

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|left1=Ethnic groups

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{{bar percent|White|GREEN|90.2}}

{{bar percent|Black |BLUE|10.9}}

{{bar percent|Indigenous |RED|4.2}}

{{bar percent|Asian|YELLOW|0.5}}

{{bar percent|None/Other/Unspecified|gray|1.0}}

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As of the census of 2011, Cerro Largo Department had a population of 84,698 (41,050 male and 43,648 female) and 35,841 households.{{cite web |url=http://www.ine.gub.uy/censos2011/resultadosfinales/cerro%20largo.html |title=Censos 2011 Cerro Largo (needs flash plugin) |year=2012 |publisher=INE |accessdate=25 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606130307/http://www.ine.gub.uy/censos2011/resultadosfinales/cerro%20largo.html |archive-date=6 June 2013 |url-status=dead }}

Demographic data for Florida Department in 2010:

• Population growth rate: 0.571%
• Birth Rate: 15.95 births/1,000 people
• Death Rate: 8.64 deaths/1,000 people
• Average age: 32.1 (31.0 male, 33.0 female)
• Life Expectancy at Birth:
• Total population: 75.86 years
• Male: 72.58 years
• Female: 79.04 years
• Average per household income: 18,880 pesos/month
• Urban per capita income: 7,801 pesos/month

2010 Data Source:{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.gub.uy/biblioteca/uruguayencifras2011/Uruguay%20en%20cifras%202011%20-%2002%20-%20Poblacion.pdf |title=Uruguay en cifras |year=2011 |language=Spanish |format=PDF |publisher=INE |accessdate=25 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113192837/http://www.ine.gub.uy/biblioteca/uruguayencifras2011/Uruguay%20en%20cifras%202011%20-%2002%20-%20Poblacion.pdf |archivedate=13 November 2012 }}

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:Rural population

According to the 2011 census, Cerro Largo department has a rural population of 5,936.

File:CerroLargo Department map.jpg

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• Aparicio Saravia was a prominent National (Blanco) Party leader, who died following the Battle of Masoller in 1904.
• Villanueva Saravia was a regional National (Blanco) Party leader.
• Rodolfo Nin Novoa has been Vice President of Uruguay (2005-2010).

• {{section link|List of populated places in Uruguay|Cerro Largo Department}}

• {{cite book|last=Domínguez|first=Carlos María|authorlink=Carlos María Domínguez|title=El norte profundo|year=2004|place=Montevideo|publisher=Ediciones de la Banda Oriental|language=es}}

{{Reflist}}

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• [http://www.cerrolargo.gub.uy/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=145&Itemid=40 Official site - Intendencia de Cerro Largo / Geography and demographics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072935/http://www.cerrolargo.gub.uy/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=145&Itemid=40 |date=2016-03-04 }}
• [http://www.cerrolargo.gub.uy/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=144&Itemid=38 Official site - Intendencia de Cerro Largo / History of the department]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20121010043959/http://www.ine.gub.uy/mapas/censos2011/para%20colgar%20en%20web/pdf/04_UYCL/A0H_04Departamental.pdf INE map of Cerro Largo Department]
• [http://www.periodicas.edu.uy/Nuestra_tierra/pdfs/Los_Departamentos_18.pdf Nuestra Terra, Colección Los Departamentos, Vol.18 "Cerro Largo"]

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{{Cerro Largo Department}}

{{Departments of Uruguay}}

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Category:Departments of Uruguay

Category:States and territories established in 1821