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Chafa'a

{{Short description|Islamic prayer offered at night}}

{{Infobox holiday

|holiday_name = Shafa'a prayer

|type = Islam

|image =

|caption =

|official_name = صَلَاةُ الشَّفْعِ

|nickname = Even or parity prayer

|observedby = Muslims

|longtype = Islamic

|significance = A Muslim prayer offered to God after Isha prayer.

|begins = Isha prayer

|ends = Witr prayer

|frequency = Daily

|observances = Sunnah prayers, Salah times

|relatedto = Salah, Nafl prayer, Five Pillars of Islam, Witr, Islamic prayers

}}

{{Islam}}

Shafa'a ({{langx|ar|شَفْعٌ}}) is an Islamic prayer (salat) that is performed at night after Isha (night-time prayer) or before Witr (odd or imparity prayer).{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iq-PDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT353|title = الفقه على المذاهب الاربعة كرتونة 1/5|date = 22 November 2016}}{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Px7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT217|title = الذخيرة في فروع المالكية 1-11 مع الفهارس ج2|date = January 2016}}

Presentation

The term Chafa'a is cited in the Quran into the Āyah 3 of Surah Al-Fajr:{{Cite web|url=http://holyquran.net/cgi-bin/almizan.pl?ch=89&vr=3|access-date=2021-01-24|website=holyquran.net|title=holyquran.net}}{{Cite web|last=contributors|first=Iman Mohammad Kashi, Uwe Hideki Matzen, and Online Quran Project|title=The Quran|url=http://al-quran.info/|access-date=2021-01-24|website=The Quran|language=en|archive-date=2009-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129090725/http://al-quran.info/|url-status=dead}}

{{quran verse|arabic=سورة الفجر، الآية 3: "وَالشَّفْعِ وَالْوَتْرِ".|english=by the Even and the Odd.|reference=[https://al-quran.info/#89:3 89:3]}}

Recitation

It is desirable (mustahabb) in the Chafa'a prayer to recite the qiraat and tilawa of Surat Al-Fatiha and the surah that follows it in a loud voice like a {{illm|loud prayer|ar|صلاة جهرية}}, just as it is desirable to recite Surat Al-Ala in the first rak'ah, then recite Surat Al-Kafirun in the second rak'ah.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IN-XDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT156|title = الخلاصة الفقهية على مذهب السادة المالكية|date = 28 November 2016|isbn = 9789953442686}}

The jurists have relied on the loudness and the silence in the Chafa'a prayer, as well as the Witr prayer, which is part of the law of God, which requires that the recitation be in the entire night prayer, including Chafa'a and Witr, sometimes loudly and sometimes in silence.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f5jsDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|title = الشامل في أحكام الطهارة والصلاة على المذاهب الأربعة. الكتاب الثاني|date = January 2017|isbn = 9796500421124}}

This jurisprudential opinion was based on the prophetic hadith narrated by the Mother of the Believers Aisha bint Abi Bakr in the Sunan Abu Dawood and Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, which reads:{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m6_1DwAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PT145|title=مختصر الفقه على المذاهب الاربعة 1/3|date=6 August 2020}}

class="wikitable" border="2"

! Arabic hadith

! English translation

{{Quote

| text = {{langx|ar|« كُلُّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ يَفْعَلُ -رَسُولُ اللَهِ-، رُبَّمَا أَسَرَّ بِالْقِراءَةِ، وَرُبَّمَا جَهَرَ. »}}

| author = Hadith

}}

|{{Quote

| text = {{langx|en|« All of this was doing -Allah's Messenger-, perhaps he recited it quietly, and perhaps it out loud. »}}

| author = Hadith

}}

Imam Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani said in his book Al-Risalah:{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uOU0CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT283|title = السنن الصغير للبيهقي - ج 1 - الطهارة - فضائل القرآن - 1 - 1012|author1 = Islamkotob}}

class="wikitable" border="2"

! Arabic citation

! English translation

{{Quote

| text = {{langx|ar|« يُصَلِّي الشَّفْعَ وَالْوَتْرَ جَهْرًا، وَكَذَلِكَ يُسْتَحَبُّ فِي نَوَافِلِ اللَّيْلِ الْإِجْهَارُ، وَفِي نَوَافِلِ النَّهَارِ الْإِسْرَارُ. »}}

| author = Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani

}}

|{{Quote

| text = {{langx|en|« A Muslim prays Chafa'a and Witr in a loud voice, and it is also desirable in the nafl prayers at night to speak out, and in the ritual nafl prayers of the day the secretion. »}}

| author = Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani

}}

Liaison with Witr

Muslim jurists (fuqaha) believe that it is mandatory (mustahabb) to separate the two rak'ahs of the "Chafa'a prayer" by performing the taslim to get out of them, before continuing to perform the only rak'ah for the Witr prayer afterwards.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hLtsDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT107|title = الخلاصة الفقهية على مذهب السادة المالكية|date = January 2009|isbn = 9782745127136}}

These jurists considered that the makruh ruling of the Islamic Ahkam applies to the case of joining the Chafa'a prayer with the Witr prayer afterwards without separating them by pronouncing the phrase of taslim.{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iq-PDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT359|title = الفقه على المذاهب الاربعة كرتونة 1/5|date = 22 November 2016}}

The scholars of fiqh schools (madhahib) also relied on the rules of the principles of Islamic jurisprudence to determine that it is objectionable (makruh) to limit the performance of the Witr without being preceded by Chafa'a.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aYZyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT185|title=أسهل المدارك شرح إرشاد السالك في فقه إمام الأئمة مالك 1-2 ج1|first=أبي بكر|last=حسن/الكشناوي|date=January 1, 1995|publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية|isbn=9782745103178|via=Google Books}}

Compensation

{{Main|Prayer compensation}}

If a Muslim does not perform the Chafa'a and Witr prayers until dawn and until he performs the Fajr fard prayer, then he must make them up during the day to compensate for giving up on them during the previous night.{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tkTHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA272|title=رماح حزب الرحيم على نحور حزب الرجيم (تعاليم وآداب وأوراد الطريقة التجانية) 1-2 ج2|first=عمر بن سعيد الفوتي/الطوري الكدوي|last=التجاني|date=January 1, 2019|publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية|via=Google Books}}

Since the supererogatory prayer (nafl prayer) is performed during the hours of the day in a silent voice, the fulfillment of the Chafa'a and Witr prayers is performed in a non-loud voice, as when the Duha prayer is performed in a non-loud voice.{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zWydDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA318|title = الفقه على المذاهب الأربعة جزء أول 17*24 fokoh ala mazaheb el arbaa V1 2C|last1 = Fikr|first1 = dar el|last2 = Fikr|first2 = dar al|author3 = الجزيري|date = 6 February 2019}}

Maliki jurists have acknowledged that the bass voice is a delegate (mustahabb) in reciting the two Chafa'a and Witr prayers, whether he prays them at night after the evening prayer (Isha) or makes up for them after the dawn prayer (Fajr).{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EiXvDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT308|title=الفواكه الدواني على رسالة ابن أبي زيد القيرواني 1-2 ج1|first=أحمد بن غنيم|last=النفراوي ،الشيخ|date=January 1, 1997|publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية|isbn=9782745112194|via=Google Books}}

Gallery

File:FirstSurahKoran.jpg|Al-Fatiha

File:Quran - year 1874 - Page 123.jpg|Al-Ala

File:Quran Leaf from Mamluk Sultanate.jpg|Al-Ala

File:Qur'an Neirizi.jpg|Al-Kafirun

File:Al-Kafirun.jpg|Al-Kafirun

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

{{Islamic prayer}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Salah

Category:Salah terminology

Category:Night in culture