Chalus County
{{Short description|County in Mazandaran province, Iran}}
{{for|the city|Chalus, Iran{{!}}Chalus}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Chalus County
|other_name =
|native_name = {{langx|fa|شهرستان چالوس}}
|settlement_type = County
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_map = Mazandaran.svg
| image_map1 = IranMazandaran-SVG.svg
| map_caption = Location of Chalus County in Mazandaran province (center left, purple)
| map_caption1 = Location of Mazandaran province in Iran
|pushpin_map =
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_map_caption =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = Iran
|subdivision_type1 = Province
|subdivision_name1 = Mazandaran
|seat_type = Capital
|seat = Chalus
|parts_type = Districts
| parts_style = para
| parts =
| p1 = Central
| p2 = Marzanabad
| p3 =
| p4 =
| p5 =
| p6 =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|established_title =
|established_date =
|area_total_km2 = 1597.30
|area_footnotes = [http://www.ensani.ir/storage/Files/20120329165549-5117-23.pdf Management and Planning Organization of Mazandaran, 2006]
|population_as_of = 2016
|population_total = 116542
|population_density_km2 = auto
|coordinates = {{coord|36|25|N|51|14|E|dim:30km|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes = {{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=36.416667&mlon=51.233333&zoom=11#map=11/36.4167/51.2333|website=OpenStreetMap |title=Chalus County|date=21 October 2024|access-date=21 October 2024|lang=fa}}
|timezone = IRST
|utc_offset = +3:30
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =
|website =
|footnotes = {{GEOnet3|9207249}}
}}
Chalus County ({{langx|fa|شهرستان چالوس}}) is in Mazandaran province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Chalus.{{cite report|title=Creation and establishment of Chalus County with the center of Chalus city in the citizenship of Mazandaran province|url=https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/116431|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831003607/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/116431|lang=fa|website=rc.majlis.ir|via=Islamic Council Research Center|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board|archive-date=31 August 2021|orig-date=Approved 15 July 1375|date=c. 2021|id=Proposal 1.4.42.4043; Notification 8445/T17024K|last=Habibi|first=Hassan|access-date=16 January 2024}}
History
After the 2006 National Census, Kelardasht-e Gharbi Rural District was created in Kelardasht District, and Birun Bashm and Kuhestan Rural Districts, and the city of Marzanabad were separated from it in the formation of Marzanabad District.{{cite report|title=Reforms and changes in divisions in Chalus County|language=fa|website=qavanin.ir|via=Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran|url=https://qavanin.ir/Law/PrintText/172251|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525164452/https://qavanin.ir/Law/PrintText/172251|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Political and Defense Commission|archive-date=25 May 2023|orig-date=Approved 6 January 1389|date=c. 2023|id=Proposal 126342/4/42/1388; Resolution 158802/T38854H|last=Rahimi|first=Mohammadreza|access-date=25 May 2023}}
After the 2011 census, Kelardasht District was separated from the county in the formation of Kelardasht County.{{cite report|title=The transformation of Kelardasht District in Mazandaran province to a county|language=fa|website=qavanin.ir|via=Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran|url=https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/205573|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523235614/https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/205573|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers|archive-date=23 May 2023|orig-date=Approved 20 December 1391|date=c. 2023|id=Proposal 107532/42/1|last=Rahimi|first=Mohammad Reza|access-date=23 May 2023}} The village of Hachirud merged with other villages to become a city.{{cite web|title=Two new cities were added to the map of national divisions|language=fa|website=dolat.ir|via=Secretariat of the Government Information Council|url=https://dolat.ir/detail/204465|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803151816/https://dolat.ir/detail/204465|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Political and Defense Commission|archive-date=3 August 2020|date=7 June 1402|orig-date=Approved 4 August 2019|access-date=13 March 2024}}
Nowshahr, the eastern neighbor of Chalus, has close historical relationship with Chalus.
Demographics
=Language=
The people residing in Chalus speak Mazanderani. In western Chalus, the dialect of Kalarestaqi is spoken{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kalarestaq-1|title = Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica}} and in eastern Chalus, the dialect of Kojuri.{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kojur-i|title=Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica}} During the Pahlavi dynasty, a group of Langrudi people migrated from western Gilan to Chalus. They speak Eastern Gilaki. The Eastern Gilaki language is spoken in the entire Chalus River valley, though some Kurdish tribes were established in Kojur and Kelardasht in the Qajar period.{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/calus|title=ČĀLŪS – Encyclopaedia Iranica|website=www.iranicaonline.org|access-date=2019-11-09}}
=Population=
At the time of the 2006 census, the county's population was 119,559 in 33,193 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Mazandaran Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/02.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920090640/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/02.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}} The following census in 2011 counted 122,736 people in 37,756 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Mazandaran Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Mazandaran.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119182058/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Mazandaran.xls|archive-date=19 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}} The 2016 census measured the population of the county as 116,542 in 39,105 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Mazandaran Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_02.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007110909/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_02.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=7 October 2021}}
=Administrative divisions=
Chalus County's population history and administrative structure over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.
| class="wikitable"
|+ Chalus County Population | |||
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central District | style="text-align: right;"| 83,101 | style="text-align: right;"| 88,216 | style="text-align: right;"| 96,224 |
| style="padding-left: 1em;" | Kelarestaq-e Gharbi RD | style="text-align: right;"| 13,953 | style="text-align: right;"| 13,798 | style="text-align: right;"| 4,854 |
| style="padding-left: 1em;" | Kelarestaq-e Sharqi RD | style="text-align: right;"| 24,530 | style="text-align: right;"| 26,537 | style="text-align: right;"| 15,776 |
| style="padding-left: 1em;" | Chalus (city) | style="text-align: right;"| 44,618 | style="text-align: right;"| 47,881 | style="text-align: right;"| 65,196 |
| style="padding-left: 1em;" | Hachirud (city) | style="text-align: right;"| | style="text-align: right;"| | style="text-align: right;"| 10,398 |
| Kelardasht District | style="text-align: right;"| 36,458 | style="text-align: right;"| 17,350 | style="text-align: right;"| |
| style="padding-left: 1em;" | Birun Bashm RD | style="text-align: right;"| 5,852 | style="text-align: right;"| | style="text-align: right;"| |
| style="padding-left: 1em;" | Kelardasht RD{{efn|Renamed Kelardasht-e Sharqi Rural District}} | style="text-align: right;"| 8,460 | style="text-align: right;"| | style="text-align: right;"| |
| style="padding-left: 1em;" | Kelardasht-e Gharbi RD{{efn|name=fn1|Transferred to Kelardasht County}} | style="text-align: right;"| | style="text-align: right;"| 5,145 | style="text-align: right;"| |
| style="padding-left: 1em;" | Kelardasht-e Sharqi RD{{efn|name=fn1}}{{efn|Formerly Kelardasht Rural District}} | style="text-align: right;"| | style="text-align: right;"| 3,083 | style="text-align: right;"| |
| style="padding-left: 1em;" | Kuhestan RD | style="text-align: right;"| 5,147 | style="text-align: right;"| | style="text-align: right;"| |
| style="padding-left: 1em;" | Kelardasht (city){{efn|name=fn1}} | style="text-align: right;"| 11,921 | style="text-align: right;"| 9,122 | style="text-align: right;"| |
| style="padding-left: 1em;" | Marzanabad (city) | style="text-align: right;"| 5,078 | style="text-align: right;"| | style="text-align: right;"| |
| Marzanabad District | style="text-align: right;"| | style="text-align: right;"| 17,170 | style="text-align: right;"| 20,318 |
| style="padding-left: 1em;" | Birun Bashm RD | style="text-align: right;"| | style="text-align: right;"| 5,865 | style="text-align: right;"| 6,678 |
| style="padding-left: 1em;" | Kuhestan RD | style="text-align: right;"| | style="text-align: right;"| 5,516 | style="text-align: right;"| 6,942 |
| style="padding-left: 1em;" | Marzanabad (city) | style="text-align: right;"| | style="text-align: right;"| 5,789 | style="text-align: right;"| 6,698 |
| Total | style="text-align: right;"| 119,559 | style="text-align: right;"| 122,736 | style="text-align: right;"| 116,542 |
| colspan=4 | {{small|RD {{=}} Rural District}} |
Climate
The warm, humid climate of Chalus was formerly considered unhealthy, and the bulk of the population of Chalus, as of all other towns in this region, used to migrate in summer to the summer pastures on the slopes around Delir and in the Kelardasht basin, one of the most popular and longest-settled districts in the region.
See also
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Notes
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References
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{{Authority control}}
{{Mazandaran Province|state=collapsed}}
{{Chalus County|state=collapsed}}