Nowshahr
{{Short description|City in Mazandaran province, Iran}}
{{other places}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2024}}{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nowshahr
| official_name =
| native_name = {{langx|fa|نوشهر}}
| other_name = Nowshahr
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Overview of Nowshahr.jpg
| image_flag =
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| image_map =
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| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Iran
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_mapsize = 200
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| coordinates = {{coord|36|38|51|N|51|29|35|E|dim:1km|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = {{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=36.6475&mlon=51.493056&zoom=15#map=15/36.64750/51.49306|website=OpenStreetMap |title=Nowshahr, Nowshahr County|date=22 October 2024|access-date=22 October 2024|lang=fa}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Iran
| subdivision_type1 = Province
| subdivision_type2 = County
| subdivision_type3 = District
| subdivision_name1 = Mazandaran
| subdivision_name2 = Nowshahr
| subdivision_name3 = Central
| established_title =
| established_date =
| government_footnotes =
| government_type = Mayor, City Council
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Adel Khazaei Pool
| leader_title1 = Representative in Majles
| leader_name1 = Kamran Pouladi
| total_type =
| unit_pref =
| area_footnotes =
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 1717.5
| area_land_km2 =
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| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
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| population_total = 49403
| population_as_of = 2016
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code = 46516
| area_code = 011
| website = {{URL|http://noshahr.gov.ir}}
| footnotes =
| elevation_max_m =
| timezone = IRST
| utc_offset = +3:30
}}
Nowshahr ({{langx|fa|نوشهر}}){{efn|Also romanized as Nau Shahr and Now Shahr; also known as Bandar-e Noshahr and Noshahr; formerly Dehno{{GEOnet3|-3077276}}}} is a city in the Central District of Nowshahr County, Mazandaran province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.{{cite report |url=https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113042 |title=Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Mazandaran province, centered in Sari city |last=Habibi |first=Hassan |date=c. 2024 |publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council |language=fa |id=Subject Letter 3233.1.5.53; Notification 83346/T144K |access-date=14 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114003543/https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113042 |archive-date=14 January 2024 |via=Lam ta Kam |website=lamtakam.com |orig-date=Approved 12 September 1990}} It is a port city{{cite web|url = https://financialtribune.com/articles/economy-domestic-economy/63487/over-14m-invested-in-nowshahr-port-since-2013 | publisher = financialtribune.com | title = Over $14m Invested in Nowshahr Port Since 2013 |date = 2 May 2017 }} on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea.
History
Ruyan is a region in the west of Mazandaran province. This land includes Kojur, Kalārestāq and Tonekabon. The city of Kojur was the center of the land of the Ruyans. Ruyan has always been part of Tabaristan, nowadays called Mazandaran province. Ruyan was also called Rostamdār, Ostandār and Rostamdele.{{cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kalarestaq-1|title=KALĀRESTĀQ i. The District and Sub-District|website=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2019-09-26}}
The city of Chalus and its associated towns and villages were part of the Nowshahr township prior to 1996, after which they formed the new township of by legislation from the national parliament.{{cn|date=June 2024}}
Demographics
=Language and ethnicity=
{{main|Mazanderani language}}
file:Map of Mazandarani-inhabited provinces of Iran , according to a poll in 2010.png
The largest ethnic group in Nowshahr is the Mazandarani people and they speak the Kojuri dialect of the language. They are also fluent in Persian, the official language of Iran.{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kojur-i|title=Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica}}
=Population=
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 40,578 in 11,550 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Mazandaran Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/02.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920090640/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/02.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}} The following census in 2011 counted 43,378 people in 12,695 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Mazandaran Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Mazandaran.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119182058/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Mazandaran.xls|archive-date=19 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}} The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 49,403 people in 16,287 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Mazandaran Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_02.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007110909/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_02.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=7 October 2021}}
==Climate==
Nowshahr has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa, Trewartha: Cf), with warm, humid summers and cool, damp winters.{{Cn|date=December 2024}}
{{Weather box
| location = Nowshahr (1991-2020, extremes 1977-2020)
| single line = yes
| metric first = yes
|Jan record high C = 25.0
|Feb record high C = 30.0
|Mar record high C = 35.0
|Apr record high C = 35.0
|May record high C = 34.0
|Jun record high C = 34.8
|Jul record high C = 35.6
|Aug record high C = 34.0
|Sep record high C = 35.4
|Oct record high C = 36.6
|Nov record high C = 28.0
|Dec record high C = 26.0
| Jan high C = 11.6
| Feb high C = 11.1
| Mar high C = 13.1
| Apr high C = 17.0
| May high C = 22.3
| Jun high C = 26.9
| Jul high C = 29.1
| Aug high C = 29.6
| Sep high C = 26.6
| Oct high C = 22.5
| Nov high C = 17.3
| Dec high C = 13.6
| year high C = 20.1
| Jan mean C = 7.9
| Feb mean C = 7.8
| Mar mean C = 9.9
| Apr mean C = 13.7
| May mean C = 19.1
| Jun mean C = 23.6
| Jul mean C = 25.7
| Aug mean C = 26.0
| Sep mean C = 23.0
| Oct mean C = 18.5
| Nov mean C = 13.2
| Dec mean C = 9.5
| year mean C = 16.5
| Jan low C = 4.6
| Feb low C = 4.7
| Mar low C = 7.2
| Apr low C = 10.9
| May low C = 15.9
| Jun low C = 20.2
| Jul low C = 22.3
| Aug low C = 22.6
| Sep low C = 19.9
| Oct low C = 15.1
| Nov low C = 9.8
| Dec low C = 6.1
| year low C = 13.3
|Jan record low C = -4.2
|Feb record low C = -5.2
|Mar record low C = -3.0
|Apr record low C = 1.8
|May record low C = 5.8
|Jun record low C = 11.0
|Jul record low C = 14.8
|Aug record low C = 15.8
|Sep record low C = 11.8
|Oct record low C = 6.0
|Nov record low C = -2.0
|Dec record low C = -1.5
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 106.5
| Feb precipitation mm = 94.5
| Mar precipitation mm = 87.0
| Apr precipitation mm = 60.0
| May precipitation mm = 34.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 44.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 49.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 53.4
| Sep precipitation mm = 177.7
| Oct precipitation mm = 253.5
| Nov precipitation mm = 232.1
| Dec precipitation mm = 132.8
| year precipitation mm = 1325.1
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 9.2
| Feb precipitation days = 9.1
| Mar precipitation days = 9.3
| Apr precipitation days = 7.6
| May precipitation days = 5.7
| Jun precipitation days = 4.6
| Jul precipitation days = 4.4
| Aug precipitation days = 5.9
| Sep precipitation days = 8.7
| Oct precipitation days = 9.3
| Nov precipitation days = 11.1
| Dec precipitation days = 8.8
| year precipitation days = 93.7
|Jan snow days = 0.7
|Feb snow days = 0.8
|Mar snow days = 0.3
|Apr snow days = 0.0
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.0
|Dec snow days = 0.2
|Jan humidity = 81
|Feb humidity = 83
|Mar humidity = 85
|Apr humidity = 84
|May humidity = 82
|Jun humidity = 79
|Jul humidity = 80
|Aug humidity = 80
|Sep humidity = 83
|Oct humidity = 84
|Nov humidity = 83
|Dec humidity = 82
|year humidity = 82.2
| Jan dew point C =4.7
| Feb dew point C =4.9
| Mar dew point C =7.3
| Apr dew point C =11.0
| May dew point C =15.9
| Jun dew point C =19.7
| Jul dew point C =21.8
| Aug dew point C =22.2
| Sep dew point C =19.9
| Oct dew point C =15.6
| Nov dew point C =10.3
| Dec dew point C =6.5
| Jan sun = 127
| Feb sun = 109
| Mar sun = 122
| Apr sun = 141
| May sun = 200
| Jun sun = 224
| Jul sun = 212
| Aug sun = 203
| Sep sun = 150
| Oct sun = 155
| Nov sun = 131
| Dec sun = 124
| year sun = 1898
| source 1 = NOAA{{cite web
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Iran/CSV/Nowshahr_40734.csv
|format = CSV
| title = WMO Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Nowshahr-40734
| access-date = 10 March 2024
|website = ncei.noaa.gov
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| source 2 =Iran Meteorological Organization{{cite web
| url = http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/iranarchive.asp
| title = آمار 166 ايستگاه سينوپتيك كشور تا پایان سال 2010 میلادی + 37 ایستگاه تا پایان سال 2005
| access-date = 13 February 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160217102629/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/iranarchive.asp
| archive-date = 17 February 2016
| url-status = dead
}}}}
{{Weather box
|location = Noushahr (1977–2010, extremes 1977-2020)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 25.0
|Feb record high C = 30.0
|Mar record high C = 35.0
|Apr record high C = 35.0
|May record high C = 34.0
|Jun record high C = 34.8
|Jul record high C = 35.6
|Aug record high C = 34.0
|Sep record high C = 35.4
|Oct record high C = 36.6
|Nov record high C = 28.0
|Dec record high C = 26.0
|Jan high C = 11.0
|Feb high C = 10.7
|Mar high C = 12.3
|Apr high C = 16.8
|May high C = 21.5
|Jun high C = 26.1
|Jul high C = 28.8
|Aug high C = 28.9
|Sep high C = 26.3
|Oct high C = 22.1
|Nov high C = 17.4
|Dec high C = 13.6
|Jan mean C = 7.4
|Feb mean C = 7.5
|Mar mean C = 9.4
|Apr mean C = 13.7
|May mean C = 18.4
|Jun mean C = 22.8
|Jul mean C = 25.3
|Aug mean C = 25.5
|Sep mean C = 22.8
|Oct mean C = 18.4
|Nov mean C = 13.6
|Dec mean C = 9.7
|Jan low C = 3.8
|Feb low C = 4.3
|Mar low C = 6.6
|Apr low C = 10.7
|May low C = 15.3
|Jun low C = 19.6
|Jul low C = 21.9
|Aug low C = 22.0
|Sep low C = 19.4
|Oct low C = 14.6
|Nov low C = 9.8
|Dec low C = 5.8
|Jan record low C = -4.2
|Feb record low C = -5.2
|Mar record low C = -3.0
|Apr record low C = 1.8
|May record low C = 5.8
|Jun record low C = 11.0
|Jul record low C = 14.8
|Aug record low C = 15.8
|Sep record low C = 11.8
|Oct record low C = 6.0
|Nov record low C = -2.0
|Dec record low C = -1.5
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 104.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 87.4
|Mar precipitation mm = 80.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 50.7
|May precipitation mm = 47.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 49.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 33.1
|Aug precipitation mm = 64.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 169.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 243.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 199.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 143.1
| Jan snow cm = 3.4
| Feb snow cm = 2.3
| Mar snow cm = 0.4
| Apr snow cm = 0.0
| May snow cm = 0.0
| Jun snow cm = 0.0
| Jul snow cm = 0.0
| Aug snow cm = 0.0
| Sep snow cm = 0.0
| Oct snow cm = 0.0
| Nov snow cm = 0.0
| Dec snow cm = 0.2
|Jan precipitation days = 11.7
|Feb precipitation days = 11.9
|Mar precipitation days = 13.6
|Apr precipitation days = 11.3
|May precipitation days = 10.8
|Jun precipitation days = 8.5
|Jul precipitation days = 6.6
|Aug precipitation days = 9.4
|Sep precipitation days = 10.8
|Oct precipitation days = 12.8
|Nov precipitation days = 12.3
|Dec precipitation days = 12.2
|Jan snow days = 0.7
|Feb snow days = 0.8
|Mar snow days = 0.3
|Apr snow days = 0.0
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.0
|Dec snow days = 0.2
|Jan humidity = 84
|Feb humidity = 85
|Mar humidity = 87
|Apr humidity = 86
|May humidity = 84
|Jun humidity = 81
|Jul humidity = 79
|Aug humidity = 81
|Sep humidity = 84
|Oct humidity = 85
|Nov humidity = 84
|Dec humidity = 84
| Jan dew point C =4.6
| Feb dew point C =4.8
| Mar dew point C =7.0
| Apr dew point C =11.1
| May dew point C =15.5
| Jun dew point C =19.6
| Jul dew point C =21.8
| Aug dew point C =22.3
| Sep dew point C =20.0
| Oct dew point C =15.7
| Nov dew point C =10.8
| Dec dew point C =6.8
|Jan sun = 122.5
|Feb sun = 111.9
|Mar sun = 114.0
|Apr sun = 140.8
|May sun = 190.0
|Jun sun = 206.8
|Jul sun = 206.6
|Aug sun = 179.8
|Sep sun = 147.1
|Oct sun = 147.1
|Nov sun = 129.9
|Dec sun = 119.8
|source 1 =Iran Meteorological Organization{{cite web
| url = http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/iranarchive.asp
| title = آمار 166 ايستگاه سينوپتيك كشور تا پایان سال 2010 میلادی + 37 ایستگاه تا پایان سال 2005
| access-date = 13 February 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160217102629/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/iranarchive.asp
| archive-date = 17 February 2016
| url-status = dead
}}
|source 2 =NOAA{{cite web
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Iran/CSV/Nowshahr_40734.csv
|format = CSV
| title = WMO Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Nowshahr-40734
| access-date = 10 March 2024
|website = ncei.noaa.gov
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
}}
Industry
The city has been slow to industrialise due to environmental considerations and having an already vibrant economy based on tourism, ship transport and agriculture.{{Cn|date=December 2024}} Nevertheless there are local food processing, timber treatment and steel industries.{{Cn|date=December 2024}} Recently{{When|date = July 2023}}, a trailer assembly plant has opened in cooperation with the MAZ of Belarus.{{Cn|date=December 2024}}
Port facilities
The Dual-use port of Noshahr was built by a Dutch contracting firm in the late 1920s and is one of Iran's most active ports on the Caspian Sea.{{cite web|url = http://noshahrport.pmo.ir/en/home | publisher = Ports & Maritime Organization (Iran) | website = noshahrport.pmo.ir | title = PMO – Nowshahr Port | access-date = 6 June 2017 }}
Transportation
Noshahr Airport, previously a military airbase and currently a civilian-only airport is located on the western part of the city.{{Cn|date=December 2024}}
Tourism
With its humid, subtropical climate, sea bathing in the waters of the Caspian, and the natural environment of its mountains, Nowshahr has long been a destination for domestic tourism in Iran.{{Cn|date=December 2024}} It attracts visitors by the hundreds of thousands every year to its hotels and private villas, by virtue of its transport links with the other cities of Northern Iran.{{Cn|date=December 2024}} During the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, Nowshahr was known unofficially as the 'second capital' or 'summer capital' of Iran because it was the city in which the Shah and most high-level government officials chose to live and work during the summer months.{{Cn|date=December 2024}}
File:Amazing Fall In Nowshahr Jungle - panoramio (3).jpg|Tourists in July 2012
File:Sisangan Beach - panoramio.jpg|Sisangan Beach
File:Mole of Nowshahr.jpg|Mole of Nowshahr
File:Street in Nowshahr.jpg|Street in Nowshahr
File:Nowshahr Bazaar.jpg|Nowshahr Bazaar
File:باغ گیاهشناسی نوشهر، ورودی اصلی.jpg|National Botanical Garden of Iran
Sports and leisure
Noshahr was home to the Shamoushak who competed in the Persian Gulf Pro League from 2003 to 2006. Shamoushak folded its football team in 2013.{{Cite web|url=https://www.varzesh3.com/news/1658142/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3|title=دوباره نوشهر؛ دوباره فوتبال (عکس)|website=www.varzesh3.com|access-date=2020-01-16}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13980504000063/دروازهبان-شموشک-نوشهر-در-جمع-برترین-دروازهبانان-اروپا|title=خبرگزاری فارس - دروازهبان شموشک نوشهر در جمع برترین دروازهبانان اروپا|date=2019-07-26|website=خبرگزاری فارس|access-date=2020-01-16}}
Universities
File:Naval University of Noshahr 2019 1.jpg
The city is home to Imam Khomeini University for Naval Sciences, some branches and campuses of Azad University of Nowshahr and Chalus, and Royan Institute of Higher Education.{{cn|date=June 2024}}
Notable people
- Pooran Farrokhzad (1933–2016) – poet
- Mohammad Rouyanian (b. 1960) – member of IRGC
- Mohsen Ashouri (b. 1965) – football player
- Parviz Shiva (b. 1963) – Businessman
- Abdolreza Sheykholeslami (b. 1967) – politician
- Kianoush Rahmati (b. 1978) – football player
- Rahman Ahmadi (b. 1980) – football player
- Hassan Rangraz (b. 1980) – wrestler
- Bahman Tahmasebi (b. 1980) – football player
- Esmaeil Bale (b. 1985) – football player
- Meysam Hosseini (b. 1987) – football player
See also
{{Commons category-inline|Nowshahr}}
{{Portal-inline|Iran}}
{{clear}}
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.tabarestannowshahr.com Tabarestan Nowshahr Language Institutes آموزشگاه بزرگ زبان طبرستان نوشهر] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618081043/http://tabarestannowshahr.com/ |date=18 June 2021 }}
{{Authority control}}
{{Mazandaran Province|state=collapsed}}
{{Nowshahr County|state=collapsed}}
Category:Cities in Mazandaran province
Category:Populated places in Nowshahr County
Category:Populated coastal places in Iran
Category:Populated places on the Caspian Sea