Charles Gilbert Chaddock
{{Short description|American neurologist (1861–1936)}}
{{Infobox medical person
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| name = Charles Gilbert Chaddock
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| image = Charles G. Chaddock (cropped).jpg
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| birth_date = {{birth date |1861|11|14}}
| birth_place = Jonesville, Michigan, U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age |1936|07|20|1861|11|14}}
| death_place = St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
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| education = University of Michigan College of Medicine and Surgery
| occupation = Neurologist, psychiatrist, translator
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| known_for = Describing the Chaddock reflex and the first use of the words bisexuality, heterosexuality, and homosexuality in the English language
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| signature = Charles Gilbert Chaddock signature.svg
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Charles Gilbert Chaddock (November 14, 1861 – July 20, 1936) was an American neurologist, psychiatrist, and translator. He is remembered for describing the Chaddock reflex and is credited with introducing the terms bisexuality, heterosexuality, and homosexuality from German into the English language.{{cite book |last=Nadal |first=Kevin L. |title=The SAGE Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender |publication-place=Thousand Oaks, California |date=2017 |isbn=978-1-4833-8426-9 |oclc=994139871 |publisher=SAGE Publishing}}{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bisexuality |title=Bisexuality |access-date=16 February 2007 |author=Harper, Douglas |date=November 2001 |work=Online Etymology Dictionary |archive-date=26 October 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041026012832/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bisexuality |url-status=live }}
Biography
Charles Gilbert Chaddock was born on November 14, 1861, in Jonesville, Michigan.{{Cite journal |last1=O'Leary |first1=James L. |last2=Moore |first2=Walter L. |date=1953 |title=Charles Gilbert Chaddock: His Life and Contributions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24619896 |journal=Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=301–317 |doi=10.1093/jhmas/VIII.July.301 |jstor=24619896 |pmid=13069695 |issn=0022-5045|doi-access=free |url-access=subscription }} In 1885, he graduated from the University of Michigan College of Medicine and Surgery, then worked at the North Michigan Asylum in Traverse City as a staff physician. From 1889 to 1890, Chaddock studied in Munich. On his return, he again worked at the Asylum, before, in 1892, becoming Professor of Nervous and Mental Diseases at Marion-Sims College, which later became part of the Saint Louis University School of Medicine. He married Adelaide Gowans MacPherson in 1890. Baddock returned to Europe in 1897, spending most of the time as assistant to Joseph Babinski.{{Cite journal |last=Goetz |first=Christopher G. |date=2002 |title=History of the Extensor Plantar Response: Babinski and Chaddock Signs |url=http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-2002-36761 |journal=Seminars in Neurology |language=en |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=391–398 |doi=10.1055/s-2002-36761 |pmid=12539060 |issn=0271-8235|url-access=subscription }} On his return to the United States in 1899, Chaddock introduced American physicians to Babinski's sign, later publishing a translation of Babinski's work.Chaddock CG. Translation of J Babinski: tendon reflexes and bone reflexes: an authorized translation. Interstate Med J 1914;21:75-84, 178-185, 585-594, 1047-1054 Chaddock introduced his eponymous reflex in 1911, calling it the External Malleolar sign.Chaddock CG. A preliminary consideration concerning a new diagnostic nervous sign. Interstate Med J 1911;12:742-746Chaddock CG. The external malleolar sign. Interstate Med J 1911;13:1026-1038 He also described an analogous sign in the upper limb.Chaddock CG. A new reflex phenomenon in the hand: the wrist-sign. Interstate Med J 1912;19:127-131 Chaddock died on July 20, 1936. He was interred by a Protestant reverend in Oakwood Cemetery, Allegan, Michigan.{{Cite news |date=1936-07-23 |title=Untitled |work=Allegan Gazette |url=https://images.findagrave.com/photos/2020/37/28269409_eb342ecf-fe6d-4cd6-9274-adfa509c827f.jpeg|access-date=2022-07-08}}
Legacy
Chaddock is credited with the first use of the words heterosexuality and homosexuality in the English language, as well as the first use of the word bisexuality in its sense of being sexually attracted to both women and men, in his translation of Richard von Krafft-Ebing's Psychopathia Sexualis in 1892.Susan Ackerman, When Heroes Love: The Ambiguity of Eros in the Stories of Gilgamesh and David. Cambridge University Press, 2005, {{ISBN|0231132603}}, p. 5.{{cite web |title=Significant Gay Events ~ Timeline |url=http://www.gpascotland.com/Reference_files/GPA%20Gay%20Events%20Timeline.pdf |url-status=dead |accessdate=2014-03-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315172313/http://www.gpascotland.com/Reference_files/GPA%20Gay%20Events%20Timeline.pdf |archivedate=2014-03-15}} Prior to Von Krafft-Ebing's new use of the term, "bisexual" was usually used to refer to hermaphroditic plants, that is having both male and female reproductive structures, or to refer to mixed-sex situations such as coed schools.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}
References
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External links
{{Commons}}
{{Wikisource|1=Author:Charles Gilbert Chaddock|2=Charles Gilbert Chaddock}}
- {{Internet Archive author |sname=Charles Gilbert Chaddock |sopt=t}}
- {{Gutenberg author|id=53100|name=Charles Gilbert Chaddock}}
- [https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=Chaddock%2C%20Charles%20Gilbert%2C%201861- Works by or about Charles Gilbert Chaddock] at the Online Books Page
- {{Find a Grave|id=28269409}}
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Category:19th-century American physicians
Category:19th-century American translators
Category:20th-century American physicians
Category:20th-century American translators
Category:American neurologists
Category:American psychiatrists
Category:People from Jonesville, Michigan