Charles Hutton Gregory

{{Short description|English civil engineer}}

{{Other people|Charles Hutton}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}

{{Use British English|date=April 2018}}

{{Infobox engineer

|image = Sir Charles Hutton Gregory.jpg

|image_width =

|caption =

|name = Charles Hutton Gregory

|nationality = British

|birth_date = 14 October 1817

|birth_place = Woolwich, London

|death_date = {{Death date and age|1898|01|10|1817|10|14|df=y}}

|death_place = London

|education =

|spouse =

|parents =

|children =

|discipline = civil engineer

|institutions = Institution of Civil Engineers (president)

|practice_name =

|significant_projects =

|significant_design =

|significant_advance = railway semaphore signalling

|significant_awards = Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George

|signature = Chgregory.png

}}

File:Presentation of Freedom of Turners' Company to King of the Belgians, 1879.jpg

File:CharlesHuttonGregoryBrompton01.jpg

Sir Charles Hutton Gregory {{post-nominals|country=GBR|KCMG}} (14 October 1817 – 10 January 1898)[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1898/01/11/102522652.pdf New York Times Obituary (11 January 1898)] was an English civil engineer. He was president of the Institution of Civil Engineers between December 1867 and December 1869.

{{Citation | first = Garth | last = Watson| title = The Civils | publisher = London: Thomas Telford Ltd | page = 251

| year = 1988 | isbn = 0-7277-0392-7}}

Charles was the son of Dr Olinthus Gilbert Gregory, a master of mathematics at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. The chair of mathematics at that time was held by Charles Hutton, who acted as Dr. Gregory's patron. It was in Hutton's honour that Charles was named.

Gregory was consulting engineer of several major railway construction works, including those in Ceylon, Trinidad, Cape Colony, Perak and Selangor. He was the first to use railway semaphore signalling which he employed first at New Cross on the London and Croydon Railway in 1841,{{cite web|title= Charles Hutton Gregory (1817-1898): Railway Civil Engineer|website= Platform: The journal of the Shillingstone Railway Project | publisher = The North Dorset Railway Trust | date = 2018 | url = https://www.northdorsetrailway.co.uk/files/files/01%20downloadable%20files/Platform%20Magazine/Platform%2015%20website.pdf | access-date = 16 April 2020}} and the South Eastern Railways in 1842-3. This method later superseded all others and was dominant from 1870.[http://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/railway/semaphor/semhist.htm The Origin of Railway Semaphore] In 1882 he was a member of the Channel Tunnel Committee and in 1886 was a Royal Commissioner for the Colonial and Indian Exhibition.

With these uses in mind, he was interested in the properties of the less usual timbers. In 1886 he, in the company of other leading figures such as Sir Philip Cunliffe-Owen, Sir John Coode and Sir Frederick Bramwell, attended an exhibition at the Chelsea works of A. Ransome and Co, manufacturers of woodworking equipment.{{cite web|title=A. Ransome and Co|website=Grace's Guide to British Industrial History|url=https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/A._Ransome_and_Co|access-date= 20 April 2020}} There they saw experiments on more than 40 different varieties of colonial timber, including Karri wood and Jarrah from Western Australia, and Padouk from India.{{citation|title=Colonial Timber|newspaper=The Times|location=London|page=6|date=9 October 1886}}

Gregory was instrumental in furthering the careers of many fellow engineers, e.g.{{cite web|title=Name of Person|website= Grace’s Guide to British Industrial History|url= https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Main_Page|access-date=17 April 2020}}

• Frederick George Slessor (1831-1905) -- in 1874, appointed to the staff of Cape Government Railways, first as Chief Officer of Surveys and Resident Engineer, and then Chief Resident Engineer of the Eastern system.
• Frank Alexander Brown Geneste (1842-1888) – in 1877, appointed as an Assistant (later District) Engineer on Cape Government Railways, in the construction of the Beaufort West Extension.
• Henry David Alexander Reid (1856-1899) – in 1878, to take charge of the construction of a section of the Kandy and Matalit Railway in Ceylon.
• William Hugh Woodcock (1844-1908) -- In 1892, appointed to report to the Cape Government on the condition of the bridges on the railways throughout the Colony; the best method complete the Cape Town Harbour Works.

Gregory was a Freemason for much of his working life, and was a member of at least six Lodges.Jerusalem, Friends in Council, Rural Philanthropic at Highbridge, Beaufort at Bristol and Tower Hamlets Engineers (Ancestry.co.uk). On 7 December 1869 he was given Freedom of the City of London by the Worshipful Company of Turners.{{cite web| title = Olinthus Gilbert Gregory in the London, England, Freedom of the City Admission Papers, 1681-1930 | website = Ancestry.co.uk | url = https://www.ancestry.co.uk/interactive/2052/32512_a064835-00037?pid=150913905&backurl=https://search.ancestry.co.uk/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv%3D1%26dbid%3D2052%26h%3D150913905%26tid%3D%26pid%3D%26usePUB%3Dtrue%26_phsrc%3Dnby49%26_phstart%3DsuccessSource&treeid=&personid=&hintid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=nby49&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true&_ga=2.209824210.656355547.1586860041-1086331465.1586860041 | access-date = 15 April 2020 }} He was Master Turner of the Company in 1879, when King Leopold II of the Belgians was presented with honorary membership for "his skill and keenness as an amateur turner".{{cite web| title = The Worshipful Company of Turners: Honorary Membership| website = The Worshipful Company of Turners | url = https://turnersco.com/company/membership/ | access-date = 16 April 2020 }}{{cite web| title = Freedom for the King of the Belgians| website = The Turner, Issue No. 42 | url = https://turnersco.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/The-Turner-Issue-42-June-2017-PAGES-LOW-RES.pdf | access-date = 16 April 2020 }} Gregory was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1876,{{London Gazette |issue=24305 |date= 14 March 1876 |page=1899}} and appointed KCMG in May 1884.{{London Gazette|issue=25233|page=2731|date=24 May 1883}}

In 1894, Sir Charles married Fanny Stirling, an actress who died the following year.{{cite book|last1=Hartley|first1=Cathy|title=A Historical Dictionary of British Women|date=15 April 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135355333|page=413|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pFGR2OvCAS4C&pg=PA413|access-date=29 August 2016|language=en}} Gregory died in London on 10 January 1898, and was buried beside his wife. “The grave is on the west side of the main avenue of Brompton Cemetery, not very far from the Richmond Road entrance”.{{ cite book| last= Allen|first=Percy|title= The stage life of Mrs. Stirling: with some sketches of the nineteenth century theatre|location = New York | publisher = E. P. Dutton and Company | page = 228 | date = 1922}}

In his will,{{citation|title=Wills & Bequests|newspaper=Lake's Falmouth Packet and Cornwall Advertiser|date=19 February 1898}} Sir Charles bequeathed £1,000 to "Thomas Olinthus Donaldson, of Lee". This was the son of Thomas Leverton Donaldson, architect and co-founder of the Royal Institute of British Architects. Thomas Olinthus was presumably a godson of Sir Charles's father, Olinthus Gregory.