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Pterocarpus

{{Short description|Genus of legumes}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}

{{Automatic taxobox

|image = "+arya+" Pterocarpus santalinus ꦕꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦤ ꦲꦧꦁ cendana janggi - krucuk 2020 04.jpg

|image_caption = Pterocarpus santalinus seed pods

|taxon = Pterocarpus

|authority = Jacq. (1763), nom. cons.

|subdivision_ranks = Species

|subdivision = See text

|synonyms =

  • Amphymenium {{small|Kunth (1824)}}
  • Ancylocalyx {{small|Tul. (1843)}}
  • Echinodiscus {{small|Benth. (1837)}}
  • Etaballia {{small|Benth. (1840)}}
  • Griselinia {{small|Scop. (1777), nom. superfl.}}
  • Lingoum {{small|Adans. (1763), nom. superfl.}}
  • Malaparius {{small|Rumph. ex Bosc (1803)}}
  • Moutouchi {{small|Aubl. (1775)}}
  • Nephraea {{small|Hassk. (1844)}}
  • Nephrea {{small|Noronha (1790), nom. nud.}}
  • Phellocarpus {{small|Benth. (1837)}}
  • Pterocarpos {{small|St.-Lag. (1880)}}
  • Pterocarpus {{small|L. (1754), nom. rej.}}
  • Weinreichia {{small|Rchb. (1828)}}

|synonyms_ref = [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331884-2 Pterocarpus Jacq.] Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 1 August 2023.

}}

File:Pterocarpus officinalis MHNT.BOT.2010.6.39.jpg

Pterocarpus is a pantropical tree genus in the Fabaceae family. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade within the Dalbergieae. Most species of Pterocarpus yield valuable timber traded as padauk (or padouk), usually pronounced {{IPAc-en|p|ə|'|d|u:|k|}} or {{IPAc-en|'|p|æ|d|,|oʊ|k|}};{{cite web |title=African Padauk {{!}} The Wood Database (Hardwood) |url=https://www.wood-database.com/african-padauk/ |website=www.wood-database.com |language=en-US |access-date=27 July 2023}} other common names are mukwa or narra.

The west African species may be traded as African rosewood.The Rosewood Trade: An Illicit Trail from Forest to Furniture Authors: Sandy Ong / Andy Carver, Date: 29 January 2019, URL: https://e360.yale.edu/features/the-rosewood-trade-the-illicit-trail-from-forest-to-furniture (Yale School of Environment) P. santalinus also yields the most precious red sandalwood in China known as Zitan.{{Cite web|url=http://www.wood-database.com/zitan/|title=Zitan {{!}} The Wood Database - Lumber Identification (Hardwood)|website=www.wood-database.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-13}}{{Cite web|url= http://www.dyhmjjxhw.com/file/upload/201212/22/16-31-55-12-1.pdf |title=Chinese National Standard for Rosewood Furniture - QB/T 2385-2008 |date=3 July 2024 }} The wood from the narra tree (P. indicus) and the Burmese padauk tree (P. macrocarpus) is marketed as amboyna when it has grown in the burl form.{{cite web | url = http://www.wood-database.com/amboyna/ | title = The Wood Database | author = Meier E. }} The scientific name is Latinized Ancient Greek and means "wing fruit", referring to the unusual shape of the seed pods in this genus.

Uses

Padauk wood is obtained from several species of Pterocarpus. All padauks are of African or Asian origin. Padauks are valued for their toughness, stability in use, and decorativeness, most having a reddish wood. Most [https://onetotree.org/narra/ Pterocarpus]{{Cite web|title=Narra|url=https://onetotree.org/narra/|access-date=2021-12-03|website=OneToTree|language=en}} woods contain either water- or alcohol-soluble substances and can be used as dyes.

The padauk found most often is African padauk from P. soyauxii which, when freshly cut, is a very bright red/orange but when exposed to sunlight fades over time to a warm brown. Its colour makes it a favourite among woodworkers. Burmese padauk (ပိတောက်) is P. macrocarpus while Andaman padauk is P. dalbergioides. Padauks can be confused with true rosewoods to which they are somewhat related, but as a general rule padauks are coarser and less decorative in figure. Like rosewood, padauk is sometimes used to make xylophone, organ and marimba keys, and guitars. It is an important material in traditional Chinese furniture.

File:African Padauk wood.jpg

Some padauks, e.g. P. soyauxii, are used as herbal medicines, for example to treat skin parasites and fungal infections.{{cite web | url = http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sea/Products/AFDbases/AF/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=17977 | title = AgroForestryTree Database entry for Pterocarpus soyauxii | author = | website = AgroForestryTree Database | publisher = World Agroforestry Centre (WAC) | access-date = 1 November 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090213121119/http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sea/Products/AFDbases/AF/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=17977 | archive-date = 13 February 2009 | url-status = dead }} Padauk wood is also used as a spice, for example in Swedish soused herring.{{Cite web |title=Bohusmatjes |url=https://www.abba.se/produkt/bohusmatjes/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202154420/https://www.abba.se/produkt/bohusmatjes/ |archive-date=2 December 2023 |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=Abba |language=en-US |quote=Ingredienser: Sill i bitar, socker, salt, kryddor (bland andra kanel, muskotblomma, padoukträ) |trans-quote=Ingredients: Herring in pieces, sugar, salt, spices (among others cinnamon, mace, padauk wood)}}

Chemistry

Pterocarpin is a pterocarpan found in Pterocarpus spp.{{Cite web |url=http://kanaya.naist.jp/knapsack_jsp/information.jsp?mode=r&word=C00009616&key=5 |title=Pterocarpin at knapsack_jsp |access-date=5 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222201449/http://kanaya.naist.jp/knapsack_jsp/information.jsp?mode=r&word=C00009616&key=5 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}

Species

A total of 35 species is currently accepted:{{cite web | url = http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&genus~Pterocarpus&species~ | title = ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Pterocarpus | author = | website = International Legume Database & Information Service | publisher = Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics | access-date = 11 February 2014 }}{{cite web | url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?10084 | title = GRIN species records of Pterocarpus | author = USDA | author-link = USDA | author2 = ARS | author2-link = Agricultural Research Service | author3 = National Genetic Resources Program | website = Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database] | publisher = National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland | access-date = 11 February 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924075154/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?10084 | archive-date = 24 September 2015 | url-status = dead }}

{{div col|colwidth=300px}}

  • Pterocarpus rohrii Vahl
  • Pterocarpus rotundifolius (Sond.) Druce
  • subsp. polyanthus (Harms) Mendonça & E. P. Sousa
  • var. martinii (Dunkley) Mendonça & E. P. Sousa
  • var. polyanthus (Harms) Mendonça & E. P. Sousa
  • subsp. rotundifolius (Sond.) Druce

{{div col end}}

Notes

:{{note label|synonym1|Note 1|1}} Some sources treat P. echinatus as a synonym of P. indicus.

References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite journal |vauthors=Lavin M, Pennington RT, Klitgaard BB, Sprent JI, de Lima HC, Gasson PE | year = 2001 | title = The dalbergioid legumes (Fabaceae): delimitation of a pantropical monophyletic clade | journal = Am J Bot | volume = 88 | issue = 3 | pages = 503–33 | pmid = 11250829 | doi=10.2307/2657116| jstor = 2657116 }}

{{cite journal |vauthors=Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, Van Wyk BE, Wojciechowskie MF, Lavin M | year = 2013 | title = Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes | journal = S Afr J Bot | volume = 89 | pages = 58–75 | doi = 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2013SAJB...89...58C | hdl = 10566/3193 | hdl-access = free }}

}}

External links

{{Commons category-inline}}

{{WestAfricanPlants|Pterocarpus}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q132894}}

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Category:Fabaceae genera

Category:Medicinal plants

Category:Pantropical flora

Category:Taxa named by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin

Category:Plant dyes