Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant

File:Chelyabinsk tractor factory 1930s.jpg

File:1958 CPA 2250.jpg

The Chelyabinsk Tractor plant was a project of the first five-year plan.{{citation| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PykOAAAAQAAJ| title = The second five-year plan of Development of the U.S.S.R|first1 = W.P.| first2=Zelda K.| last1 = Coates |author-link = W. P. Coates| last2 = Coates |authorlink2 = Zelda Kahan|page =15| year = 1934}} The plant was founded in 1933; the first product was a 60 hp tracked tractor C-60 (Сталинец-60, Stalinets-60) fueled by petroleum ether (Benzine). In 1937 the factory produced its first diesel-powered vehicle C-65 (Сталинец-65, Stalinets-65). By 1940 the plant had produced 100,000 tractors.

During World War II seven other industrial entities (including most of Leningrad's Kirov Plant and 15,000 of its workers{{citation| url = http://kzgroup.ru/rus/s/85/istoriya.html| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120421090813/http://kzgroup.ru/rus/s/85/istoriya.html| url-status = dead| archive-date = 21 April 2012| script-title = ru:Историческая справка| work = kzgroup.ru| publisher = ОАО «Кировский завод»| accessdate = 1 October 2012| language = Russian}}) were either wholly or partially relocated to Chelyabinsk, the resulting enterprise commonly known as "Танкоград" ('Tankograd', or 'Tank City').{{#tag:ref|The collective tank works has been described in english language sources as being named either "Kirovskiy works No.100", or "Chelyabinsk Heavy Machine Plant No. 100" (ChZTM).|group="note"}} The work force increased to 60,000 workers by 1944, from 25,000 during non-military production; during the conflict the works produced 18,000 tanks, and 48,500 tank diesel engines as well as over 17 million units of ammunition. Production included the KV tank from 1941, T-34 tank from 1942, KV-85 tank and IS tanks from 1943, and T-34/85 tank and SU-85 self-propelled field gun from 1944{{cite book|pages=36–38|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JE7Yd2sNBu4C|title=Stalin's Keys to Victory: The Rebirth of the Red Army|isbn=9780811734233|first=Walter S.|last = Dunn|year=2007|publisher =Stackpole Books|work =Stackpole Military History Series}}{{cite book|pages=12–13|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPRR9EB88ocC|title=King Tiger vs IS-2: Operation Solstice 1945|isbn=9781849088633|last1=Higgins|first1=David|year=2011| publisher=Osprey Publishing Limited }}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} By 1945 the plant had been awarded the Order of Kutuzov, 1st Class, the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Star, and other honours for its efforts in helping to defeat Nazi Germany.

Post World War II conventional tractor production resumed with the С-80 (Сталинец-80, Stalinets-80) entering serial production in 1946. The plant reverted to its original name of Chelyabinsk Tractor factory in 1958. In 1961 a tractor with diesel electric transmission entered production: DET-250 (ДЭТ-250). The millionth tractor from CTZ was produced in 1984.

In 1990 a tractor with a hydromechanical transmission system entered production (T-10).

In 2008 the company acquired 100% of amphibious tracked machine building company "Vityaz" (Витязь); both are now part of the Uralvagonzavod holding group which Uraltrak established in association with other companies.{{Cite web|url = http://www.tractor.ru/news/index.php?nid=00001545|title = ЧТЗ – Уралтрак" приобрел 100% акций ОАО "Машиностроительная компания "Витязь" (Башкирия)|language = Russian|trans-title = CTZ-Uraltrak has obtained 100% of shares in ОАО "Machine Engineering company 'Vityaz'" (Bashkortostan)|date = 23 January 2008|work = tractor.ru|access-date = 3 December 2009|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193604/http://www.tractor.ru/news/index.php?nid=00001545|archive-date = 3 March 2016|url-status = dead}}

By 8 May 2022, due to sanctions imposed after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, United States officials claimed that Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant's tank production had halted, had been made “idle,” due to a lack of imported parts.{{Cite web |date=2022-05-08 |title=FACT SHEET: United States and G7 Partners Impose Severe Costs for Putin's War Against Ukraine |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/05/08/fact-sheet-united-states-and-g7-partners-impose-severe-costs-for-putins-war-against-ukraine/ |access-date=2022-06-01 |website=The White House |language=en-US}}{{cite web|title= Russia 'can't make more' tanks because of this key sanction, Biden official says |date=2022-05-10 |url=https://au.finance.yahoo.com/amphtml/news/russia-cant-make-more-tanks-because-of-this-key-sanction-biden-official-says-204705566.html}} However the factory claims to have fulfilled an order for an unspecified number of diesel engines in December 2022.{{Cite web |date=2022-12-21 |title=UVZ has supplied diesel engines for new and repaired Russian tanks |url=https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2022/12/21/uvz-has-supplied-diesel-engines-for-new-and-repaired-russian-tanks/ |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=BulgarianMilitary.com |language=en-US}}

In 2023, the factory itself was sanctioned by the United States and Ukraine due to its supply of engines to Russian troops for military equipment. On 26 November 2023, an explosion occurred at the plant, causing a "severe fire".{{Cite news |date=2023-11-26 |title=Fire reported at Russian plant manufacturing engines for military equipment |language=en |url=https://kyivindependent.com/fire-reported-at-russian-plant-manufacturing-engines-for-military-equipment/ |access-date=2023-11-27}}

File:ChTZ B10M-3.jpg B10M (2004)]]

The organisation includes foundry and forging facilities, metal engineering facilities (CNC, lathes, heat treatment) as well as construction and assembly workshops.

As of 2011, Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant produces wheeled and tracked tractors and related modified vehicles, and related parts,{{citation|url =http://chtz-uraltrac.ru/catalog/categories/1.php|script-title =ru:Продукция – Челябинский Тракторный Завод (ЧТЗ)|work =chtz-uraltrac.ru|accessdate =22 July 2011|language =Russian|archive-date =17 July 2011|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110717081343/http://chtz-uraltrac.ru/catalog/categories/1.php|url-status =dead}} as well as tractor engines up to ~{{convert|1000|hp|kW|abbr=on}}{{citation|url=http://chtz-uraltrac.ru/catalog/categories/7.php|script-title=ru:двигатели – Челябинский Тракторный Завод (ЧТЗ)|accessdate=22 July 2011|work=chtz-uraltrac.ru|language=Russian|archive-date=7 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007184840/http://chtz-uraltrac.ru/catalog/categories/7.php|url-status=dead}} and tank engines up to {{convert|1500|hp|kW|abbr=on}} like th T-14's 12N360.

Since 2010 the company has manufactured fork lifts under license from Bulgarian company Balkancar Record,{{citation|url = http://chtz-uraltrac.ru/catalog/categories/76.php|script-title = ru:Балканкар-ЧТЗ – Челябинский Тракторный Завод (ЧТЗ)|language = Russian|accessdate = 22 July 2011|work = chtz-uraltrac.ru|archive-date = 29 September 2011|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110929150740/http://chtz-uraltrac.ru/catalog/categories/76.php|url-status = dead}}

The company also produces road tanker vehicles, semi-trailers and pipe installation road vehicles.{{citation| url = http://chtz-uraltrac.ru/catalog/categories/70.php| script-title = ru:Строммашина – Челябинский Тракторный Завод (ЧТЗ)| language = Russian| accessdate = 22 July 2011| work = chtz-uraltrac.ru| archive-date = 15 October 2011| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111015210315/http://chtz-uraltrac.ru/catalog/categories/70.php| url-status = dead}}

Since 2008 Machine engineering company 'Vityaz' (Машиностроительная компания "Витязь") has been a subsidiary of CTZ-Uraltrak. The company produces the Vityaz line of tracked all-terrain vehicles with amphibious capabilities.{{citation|url=http://chtz-uraltrac.ru/catalog/categories/69.php|work=chtz-uraltrac.ru|script-title=ru:МК Витязь – Челябинский Тракторный Завод (ЧТЗ)|accessdate=22 July 2011|language=Russian|archive-date=15 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015211809/http://chtz-uraltrac.ru/catalog/categories/69.php|url-status=dead}}

{{gallery

|File:Трактор С-65.jpg|S-65 tractor

|File:DET bulldozer in Tajikistan.jpg|Bulldozer DET-250

|Image:Planierraupe T-100 (hinten rechts).jpg|Tractor T-100MGP

|File:Трактор Т-130 Сокол гора1.jpg|T-130 tractor

}}

• Stalinets-60 – copy of Caterpillar Sixty
• S-65 Stalinets
• Omsktransmash – Russian wheeled tractor manufacturer
• Traktor Chelyabinsk – ice hockey team
• Soviet tank factories

{{reflist|group="note"}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|ChTZ vehicles}}

• [http://www.chtz-uraltrac.com Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant official site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205142842/http://www.chtz-uraltrac.com/ |date=5 December 2020 }} {{in lang|en}}
• [http://chtz-uraltrac.ru Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant official site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323172256/http://chtz-uraltrac.ru/ |date=23 March 2022 }} {{in lang|ru}}
• [http://www.bolotohod.ru/en/emain/ JSC Machine-building Company «Vityaz» company website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022115840/http://www.bolotohod.ru/en/emain |date=22 October 2016 }} www.bolotohod.ru
• {{Cite journal|last=Melnikova-Raich|first=Sonia|title=The Soviet Problem with Two 'Unknowns': How an American Architect and a Soviet Negotiator Jump-Started the Industrialization of Russia, Part I: Albert Kahn|journal=IA, The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology|year=2010|volume=36|issue=2|pages=57–80|issn=0160-1040|jstor=41933723}} ([http://www.soniamelnikova.com/IAabstract.pdf abstract])
• [https://www.cca.qc.ca/en/search?query=Kahn%20Cheliabinsk Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant, Photographs, Albert Kahn Associates, 1930s], Canadian Centre for Architecture ([https://www.cca.qc.ca/en/search?query=Kahn%20Cheliabinsk&img_filter=1 digitized items])

{{Uralvagonzavod}}

{{Automotive industry in Russia}}

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Category:Russian brands

Category:Soviet brands

Category:Manufacturing companies of the Soviet Union

Category:Defence companies of the Soviet Union

Category:Companies based in Chelyabinsk

Category:Uralvagonzavod

Category:Construction and civil engineering companies of Russia