Chengdu J-10#J-10C

File:17.08.21-aviadarts-1200-J10B-3.jpg

In 1981, PLAAF Commander Zhang Tingfa submitted a proposal to Deng Xiaoping for the development of a third-generation fighter for {{Currency|500 million|CNY|passthrough=yes}}; it was accepted later that year by the Central Military Commission (CMC). It was the first Chinese aircraft program to incorporate modern development and acquisition processes.Research, Development, and Acquisition, page 2 In one departure from the past, the supplier was now responsible directly to the customer; this allowed the PLAAF to communicate its requirements and ensure they were met; previously suppliers were responsible to their managing agency, which could produce products that failed to meet end user requirements. Another difference was the selection of a design through competition, rather than allocating a project to an institute and using whatever design that institute created.Research, Development, and Acquisition, page 3

Design proposals were made by the three major aircraft design institutes. Shenyang's proposal was based on its cancelled J-13 with a F-16-like strake-wing. Hongdu's proposal was MiG-23/Su-24-like with variable-sweep wing. Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute's (CADI) proposal was a Saab 37 Viggen-like design based on its cancelled J-9. CADI's proposal was selected in February 1984. The following month, CADI and Chengdu Fighter Factory were formally directed to develop and manufacture the aircraft, respectively.{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=61}} Song Wencong (宋文骢) became chief designer.{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=62}}

The engine was selected during the design proposal stage. Candidates were an improved Woshan WS-6, the WP-15, or a new engine. The new engine, ultimately the Shenyang WS-10, was chosen in 1983.China’s Aeroengine Industry, page 26

The State Council and the CMC approved the program in 1986,{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=61}} code-naming it "No. 10 Project".{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=61}} Interest waned in the following years which constrained funding and prolonged development. The Gulf War renewed interest and brought adequate resourcing.Research, Development, and Acquisition, page 4 Unlike earlier programs, the J-10 avoided crippling requirement creep.

Technical development was slow and difficult. The J-10 represented a higher level of complexity than earlier generations of Chinese aircraft. About 60% of the aircraft required new technology and parts, instead of - according to Chengdu - the usual 30% for new aircraft; the high proportion reflected both requirements and limited domestic capability.{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=62}} Development and modernization of China's aviation industry occurred alongside the J-10;{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=62}} the program was an early Chinese user of digital design, modelling, and testing{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=41}} including computer-aided design (CAD) and computational fluid dynamics.{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=62}} The J-10 was the first Chinese aircraft to make major use of CAD for its structural design,{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=62}} allowing the detailed design to be completed in 1994.{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=41}}{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=61}} The hydraulics system was tested with physical models because of limited digital modelling capabilities.{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=62}}

The first J-10 was assembled in June 1997.{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=61}} Lei Qiang flew the first flight{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=62}} on 23 March 1998; Lei was chosen for his experience with modern, foreign, third-generation aircraft.{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=62}} PLA training units received the J-10 ahead of schedule starting in 2003.{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=62}} Weapons tests occurred in the fall of that year.{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=63}} The design was finalized in 2004.{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=61}} Rumors of crashes during flight testing were actually mishaps related to the AL-31 engine.Rupprecht, Andreas, 2013. Dragon's Wings. Birmingham: Ian Allan Publishing Ltd.

The J-10 became operational in 2006.{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=61}} It was officially unveiled by the Chinese government in January 2007, when photographs were published by Xinhua News Agency.

The Siberian Aeronautical Research Institute (SibNIA) from Russia was involved in the program by 2006. According to SibNIA, it was only observing and instructing as "scientific guides".{{cite web| title = SibNIA remains center of Russian innovation| year = 2007| url = https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/2006-11-15/sibnia-remains-center-russian-innovation| access-date = 25 June 2022| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140201221135/http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/farnborough-air-show/2006-11-15/sibnia-remains-center-russian-innovation| archive-date = 1 February 2014| url-status = live}}

In May 2021, China National Radio released images of the J-10C powered by the WS-10B engine;{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/chinas-j-10-comes-of-age-with-indigenous-engine/143852.article |title=China's J-10 comes of age with indigenous engine |website=flightglobal |date=21 May 2021 |first=Greg |last=Waldron}} this was the first time the WS-10 was officially seen on an operational J-10.{{cite web|last=Yeo|first=Mike|date=2021-05-11|title=China fields J-10 jets powered by homemade engine|url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-pacific/2021/05/11/china-fields-j-10-jets-powered-by-homemade-engine/|access-date=2021-05-11|website=Defense News|language=en-US}}

In 1988 Israel's defense minister denied a report by The Sunday Times that Israel and China had agreed to develop a fighter derived from the IAI Lavi, a project based on the F-16.{{cite news |title=Pakistan Purchases Chinese Jets Based on Scrapped Israeli Lavi Fighter |url=https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/asia-and-australia/pakistan-purchases-chinese-jets-based-on-scrapped-israeli-lavi-fighter-1.10510613 |newspaper=Haaretz |access-date=5 January 2022}} In 2006, Russia's SibNIA engineers believed that the J-10 was "more or less a version" of the Lavi, incorporating "a melting pot of foreign technology and acquired design methods... but there are a number of other pieces of other aircraft or technologies that are part of the configuration that they have acquired from different sources." In 2008, Janes claimed that the J-10 benefited from technical information from the Israeli project, citing senior Russian engineers who said they had heard this from Chinese colleagues.Hewson, Robert. [http://www.janes.com/news/defence/jdw/jdw080519_2_n.shtml "Chinese J-10 'benefited from the Lavi project'".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526183625/http://www.janes.com/news/defence/jdw/jdw080519_2_n.shtml |date=26 May 2008 }} Jane's, 19 May 2008.

The Chinese assert J-10's features claimed to be from the Lavi are from the manufacturer's own previous aircraft design, for example attributing the J-10's Lavi-like double canard configuration to Chengdu's work on the cancelled J-9 of the 1960s and 1970s;{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=61}} this view is supported by Song Wencong,{{cite web | title = Exclusive Interview with J-10 General Designer Song Wencong | year = 2007 | url = http://military.china.com/zh_cn/news/568/20070105/13858504.html | access-date = 6 January 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090124001540/http://military.china.com/zh_cn/news/568/20070105/13858504.html | archive-date = 24 January 2009 | url-status = dead}} who worked on the J-9 and became the J-10's chief designer,{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=62}} and PLAAF Major General Zhang Weigang.{{cite web|title=少将驳斥"战机抄袭论"：歼-10源自于歼-9 |year=2012 |url=http://www.hrjs.net/article/zhongguo/2012/0309/681.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127021737/http://www.hrjs.net/article/zhongguo/2012/0309/681.html |archive-date=27 January 2013}}

The J-10 was designed and developed by the Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute (CADI), a subsidiary of Chengdu Aircraft Corporation.

File:China airforce J-10.jpg

The cockpit has three liquid crystal (LCD) multi-function displays (MFD) and a Chinese developed holographic head-up display (HUD). These are compatible with a Chinese helmet mounted sight (HMS); the Chinese consider the HMS of the imported Sukhoi Su-27 to be worse.{{cite web|url=http://hynews.zjol.com.cn/hynews/system/2010/11/13/012886930_02.shtml|title=中国第四代先进战机机头及座舱亮相珠海航展(图)-吊舱,头盔瞄准具,航电系统,凤凰网,凤凰新媒体-黄岩新闻网|access-date=4 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121205752/http://hynews.zjol.com.cn/hynews/system/2010/11/13/012886930_02.shtml|archive-date=21 November 2015}}{{cite web|url=http://club.mil.news.sina.com.cn/viewthread.php?tid=7300&page=1|title=这个是歼10战机飞行员头盔瞄准具吗？|author=sina UI Team|access-date=4 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122001029/http://club.mil.news.sina.com.cn/viewthread.php?tid=7300&page=1|archive-date=22 November 2015|url-status=live}}

The early J-10s were initially equipped with the Type 1473 pulse-Doppler radar (PD) developed by the CETC 14th Institute; the Type 1473 has been called China's first "successful" or "practical" PD radar.{{sfn|Wood|Yang|Cliff|2020|p=45}}

The J-10B is equipped with an active electronically scanned array (AESA){{sfn|Wood|Yang|Cliff|2020|p=45}} or passive electronically scanned array (PESA) radar.{{sfn|Bronk|2020|p=39}} According to Chinese accounts, PESA was never used due to unsatisfactory performance; AVIC 607 Institute and CETC 14th Institute developed a PESA radar that could track multiple targets simultaneously but had shorter range than the PD radar. PESA and AESA development delayed the J-10B.{{sfn|Wood|Yang|Cliff|2020|p=45}} CETC 14th Institute helped to develop the J-10B's AESA radar.{{sfn|Wood|Yang|Cliff|2020|p=24}}

File:Chengdu 10.jpg

The J-10 is powered by a single turbofan. The J-10A entered production with the Russian Salyut AL-31FN.{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Reuben F. |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/dubai-airshow-2019-chinas-chengdu-promotes-j-10c-export-variant |title=Dubai Airshow 2019: China's Chengdu promotes J-10C export variant |date=22 November 2019 |website=Janes |access-date=20 September 2020}} The initial version generated a maximum static thrust of {{cvt|12,500|kgf|kN lbf|lk=on}}.{{cite web |url=http://www.salut.ru/ViewTopic.php?Id=654 |title=AL-31FN |publisher=Salyut |language=ru |access-date=12 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008102944/http://www.salut.ru/ViewTopic.php?Id=654 |archive-date=8 October 2011 |url-status=dead}} In December 2013, Salyut reported it was testing an upgraded AL-31FN Series 3 for China with 250 hours more life and 1000 kg/f more thrust; the Series 3 would be equipped on the improved J-10B.{{cite web |last1=Ju |first1=Juan |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/images-suggest-china-has-begun-fitting-indigenous-ws10-engine-into-j-10c-fighters |title=Images suggest China has begun fitting indigenous WS10 engine into J-10C fighters |date=5 March 2020 |website=Janes |access-date=20 September 2020}}{{cite web |url=http://www.salut.ru/ViewTopic.php?Id=2189 |title=FSUE "Gas-Turbine Engineering RPC "Salut" has successfully completed the first phase of engine longevity and performance bench tests in view of future deliveries of a new version of AL-31FN Series 3. |website=Salut |date=24 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109183858/http://www.salut.ru/ViewTopic.php?Id=2189 |archive-date=9 January 2014 |access-date=24 December 2013}} Compared to the original Lyulka-Saturn AL-31F, the AL-31FN was fitted to the J-10 by rotating the gearbox and accessory pack to the underside.

The J-10s intended engine is the Chinese Shenyang WS-10. The WS-10 suffered development difficulties and production of the aircraft went ahead with the Salyut AL-31FN as a substitute.{{sfn|Wood|Stewart|2019|p=32}} A pre-production J-10C flew with a WS-10 at the 2018 China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition; the engine nozzle was modified for stealth and thrust vectoring (TVC). In March 2020, a video from Chinese state media showed a J-10C in PLAAF livery equipped with the WS-10B; WS-10B-powered aircraft were in service by November 2021.{{cite web |last1=Giovanzanti |first1=Alessandra |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/plaaf-25th-air-brigade-now-operates-j-10c-multirole-fighters |title=PLAAF 25th Air Brigade now operates J-10C multirole fighters |date=23 November 2021 |website=Janes |access-date=6 January 2022}}

The aircraft's internal armament consists of a Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23 twin-barrel cannon, located underneath the port side of the intake. Other weaponry and equipment is mounted externally on 11 hardpoints, to which {{cvt|5,600|kg}} of either missiles and bombs, drop-tanks containing fuel, or other equipment such as avionics pods can be attached.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}

Air-to-air missiles deployed may include short-range air-to-air missiles such as the PL-8 and PL-10 (on J-10C), medium-range radar-guided air-to-air missiles such as the PL-12 and PL-15 (on J-10C), unguided and precision guided munitions such as laser-guided bombs, air-to-surface missile such as KD-88, anti-ship missiles such as the YJ-91A, and anti-radiation missiles such as the YJ-91.

File:中国空军八一飞行表演队 六机三角编队 2010.jpg]]

The first aircraft were delivered to the 13th Test Regiment on 23 February 2003. The aircraft was declared 'operational' in December of the same year, after 18 years in development.{{cite web|title=Sinodefence.com: J-10 Multirole Fighter Aircraft |access-date=9 April 2007 |url=http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/fighter/j10.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070329052709/http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/fighter/j10.asp |archive-date=29 March 2007 }}

The J-10C entered combat service in April 2018.{{cite web |editor=ZX |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-04/16/c_137115186.htm |title=China's fighter jet J-10C begins combat duty |publisher=Xinhuanet |date=16 April 2018 |access-date=28 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429092230/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-04/16/c_137115186.htm |archive-date=29 April 2018 |url-status=dead }}

The J-10C has been reported to have consistently prevailed in simulated combat engagements against Su-35 fighters acquired from Russia, with the fighter's reduced radar visibility allowing it to detect and fire on its target first. The fighter's lower radar signature and significantly more advanced sensors and weaponry for both visual and beyond-visual range engagements were cited by experts as leading advantages the aircraft retained. The J-10C gained victories against both the Su-35 and the J-16 in exercises for three consecutive years from 2019 to 2021.{{Cite book |last=Abrams |first=Abraham |title=J-20 Mighty Dragon: Asia's First Stealth Fighter in the Era of China's Military Rise |publisher=Helion |year=2024 |location=Warwick |pages=58}}{{better source needed|date=September 2024|reason=Author has no previous works or practical credentials in this subject area.}}

Negotiations for acquisitions for J-10A were started in 2006 when offered by China,{{cite news|title=Pakistan will stand by China against US 'siege', says Rashid|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006/02/23/story_23-2-2006_pg7_50|access-date=8 September 2013|newspaper=Daily Times (Pakistan)|date=23 February 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080203082312/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%2F02%2F23%2Fstory_23-2-2006_pg7_50|archive-date=3 February 2008|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|last=Ansari|first=Usman|title=China Officially Offers Pakistan J-10 Variant |url=http://www.defensenews.com/article/20110803/DEFSECT01/108030311/China-Officially-Offers-Pakistan-J-10-Variant|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130908085402/http://www.defensenews.com/article/20110803/DEFSECT01/108030311/China-Officially-Offers-Pakistan-J-10-Variant|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 September 2013|access-date=8 September 2013|publisher=Defense News|date=3 August 2011}} but negotiations persisted into 2012 with the offer of the J-10B.{{cite news|title=J-10B fighter planes, 6 marines for Pakistan as Cino-Pak talks underway and lead to pakistan acquiring 100 j-10 and f16 super hornets|url=http://www.thenewstribe.com/2012/03/22/j-10-fighter-planes-6-marines-for-pakistan-as-cino-pak-talks-underway/|access-date=10 September 2013|publisher=The News Tribe|date=22 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914205016/http://www.thenewstribe.com/2012/03/22/j-10-fighter-planes-6-marines-for-pakistan-as-cino-pak-talks-underway/|archive-date=14 September 2013|url-status=live}}

In September 2020, it was reported that Pakistan was interested in the J-10C.{{cite web |last1=Chowdhury |first1=Srinjoy |title=Pakistan reaches out to China for more fighter jets and missiles |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/international/article/pakistan-reaches-out-to-china-for-more-fighters-and-missiles/648512 |website=Times Now |date=6 September 2020 |access-date=4 February 2021}} In December 2021, Pakistan announced the purchase of 25 J-10CEs, with an option for 11 more; they were expected to enter service in March 2022.{{cite web |last1=Kumar |first1=Ankit |title=Pakistan confirms raising squadron of Chinese J-10C in response to India's Rafale jets |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/pakistan-confirms-raising-squadron-of-chinese-j-10c-in-response-to-india-s-rafale-jets-1893852-2021-12-29 |website=India Today |date=29 December 2021 |access-date=29 December 2021}}{{cite web |title=Pakistan acquires squadron of elite J-10C fighter: reports |url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2021/12/30/pakistan-acquires-squadron-of-elite-j-10c-fighter-reports/ |website=Pakistan Today |date=30 December 2021 |access-date=6 January 2022}} On 4 March 2022, the first batch of 6 J-10CEs for the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) landed at PAF Base Minhas (Kamra) after a ferry flight from Chengdu, China.{{cite web |url=https://www.samaaenglish.tv/news/2022/03/pakistan-receives-first-batch-of-chinas-j-10-fighter-jets/ |title=Pakistan receives first batch of China's J-10CE fighter jets - SAMAA |publisher=Samaaenglish.tv |date= |accessdate=2022-03-14 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} They were officially inducted into the PAF's No. 15 Squadron Cobras based at PAF Base Minhas on 11 March 2022.{{cite web | url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2347447/multi-role-j-10c-fighter-jets-inducted-into-paf-fleet | title=Multi-role J-10C fighter jets inducted into PAF fleet | date=11 March 2022 }}{{cite web | url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1679529 | title=Six China-made J-10C jets inducted into PAF | date=12 March 2022 }}

On 18 January 2024, Pakistan launched a series of air and artillery strikes inside Iran, targeting Baloch separatist groups, multiple JF-17C and Wing Loong II drones escorted by J-10CE launched attacks against BLA and BLF militant groups with GIDS B-REK Glidebombs. 9 terrorists were killed in the attack.{{cite web | url=https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/explained-which-weapons-were-used-how-exactly-did-pakistan-carry-out-airstrikes-in-iran-681328 | title=Explained: Which weapons were used, how exactly did Pakistan carry out airstrikes in Iran? | date=18 January 2024 }}

File:Зачетные полеты участников конкурса «Авиадартс» (п. Чанчунь, КНР) (5).jpg

File:J-10CE for Pakistan air force in Zhuhai airshow 2024.jpg

• J-10A: Single seat variant. The export designation is F-10A{{cite web |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2006/04/13/205968/pakistan-approves-purchase-of-lockheed-martin-f-16s-and-chengdu-j-10.html |title=Pakistan approves purchase of Lockheed Martin F-16s and Chengdu J-10 fighters-13 April 2006-Washington DC-Flight International |publisher=Flightglobal.com |date=13 April 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213041834/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2006/04/13/205968/pakistan-approves-purchase-of-lockheed-martin-f-16s-and-chengdu-j-10.html |archive-date=13 December 2009 |url-status=live }} or FC-20.{{cite news |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-02/18/content_23529890.htm |title=PLA's fighter jets go up for sale |last=Lei |first=Zhao |publisher=China Daily |date=18 February 2016 |access-date=19 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160219064234/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-02/18/content_23529890.htm |archive-date=19 February 2016 |url-status=live }}
• J-10AH: Naval version of J-10A.
• J-10AY: Aerobatics variant of J-10A.{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/the-j-10-changed-chinas-fighter-game-25-years-ago |title=The J-10 Changed China's Fighter Game 25 Years Ago |website=The Drive |date=29 March 2023 |first=Oliver |last=Parken }}
• J-10S: Tandem-seated trainer variant of J-10A.{{cite web |url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Sinocanard.html#mozTocId283408 |title=J-10S Dual Seat Variant |date=10 July 2007 |publisher=Air Power Australia |access-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804201412/http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Sinocanard.html#mozTocId283408 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |url-status=live |last1=Kopp |first1=Carlo |pages=1 }}
• J-10SH: Naval version of J-10S.
• J-10B: An upgraded J-10, initially identified as "Super-10".{{citation |first=Henry |last=Ivanov |url=http://www.janes.com/defence/air_forces/news/jdw/jdw060109_2_n.shtml |title=China working on "Super-10" advanced fighter |publisher=Janes Defence World|date=9 January 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060111084552/http://www.janes.com/defence/air_forces/news/jdw/jdw060109_2_n.shtml |archive-date=11 January 2006}} It features a lighter and stealthier diverterless supersonic inlet, a longer nose radome possibly housing an active electronically scanned array radar, an electro-optic targeting sensor (IRST, and laser rangefinder,) and a new electronic warning or countermeasures pod atop the vertical stabiliser.{{cite web |last1=Weening |first1=Alexander |last2=Hardy |first2=James |url=http://www.janes.com/article/44376/new-pictures-of-j-10b-revealed |title=New pictures of J-10B revealed |publisher=IHS Jane's 360 |date=9 October 2014 |access-date=6 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429095330/http://www.janes.com/article/44376/new-pictures-of-j-10b-revealed |archive-date=29 April 2015 |url-status=live }} The aircraft is powered by the AL-31FN M1; one unit was flown with a WS-10A in July 2011 but that engine was not selected for the initial production batch.{{cite news |url=http://www.janes.com/article/47815/images-suggest-j-10bs-close-to-entering-chinese-service |title=Images suggest J-10Bs close to entering Chinese service |last1=Fisher |first1=Richard D. Jr. |date=12 January 2015 |website=janes.com |access-date=25 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430160300/http://www.janes.com/article/47815/images-suggest-j-10bs-close-to-entering-chinese-service |archive-date=30 April 2015 |url-status=live }} The aircraft's first flight occurred no later than December 2008.{{cite news|url=http://www.janes.com/news/defence/jdw/jdw090323_1_n.shtml |title=New J-10 Variant sighted |publisher=Janes Defence News |date=23 March 2009 |access-date=23 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326051109/http://www.janes.com/news/defence/jdw/jdw090323_1_n.shtml |archive-date=26 March 2009}}
• J-10B TVC Demonstrator: A prototype fighter based on J-10B that is equipped with WS-10B thrust-vectoring control engine. The fighter has supermaneuverability, capable of performing the Cobra maneuver.{{cite news |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/j-10b-tvc-wows-zhuhai-crowds-with-surprise-performa-453352/ |title=J-10B TVC wows Zhuhai crowds with surprise performance |last=WALDRON |first=GREG |publisher=flightglobal |date=6 November 2018 |access-date=7 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107104409/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/j-10b-tvc-wows-zhuhai-crowds-with-surprise-performa-453352/ |archive-date=7 November 2018 |url-status=live }}
• J-10C: An upgraded version of J-10B, it is equipped with an indigenous AESA fire-control radar and is equipped with imaging infrared seeker (IIR) PL-10, WS-10B engine{{cite web |last1=Giovanzanti |first1=Alessandra |title=Images emerge of J-10C fighters for Pakistan |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/air-platforms/latest/images-emerge-of-j-10c-fighters-for-pakistan |website=Janes |access-date=19 February 2022}} and PL-15 air-to-air missiles.{{cite web|url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2017-07-20/new-chinese-weapons-seen-j-10c-fighter|title=New Chinese Weapons Seen on J-10C Fighter|first=Chen|last=Chuanren|website=Aviation International News|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110204219/https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2017-07-20/new-chinese-weapons-seen-j-10c-fighter|archive-date=10 January 2019|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/72393/new-bvraam-may-have-entered-plaaf-service|title=New BVRAAM may have entered PLAAF service|website=janes.com|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517164815/http://www.janes.com/article/72393/new-bvraam-may-have-entered-plaaf-service|archive-date=17 May 2018|url-status=live}} Justin Bronk describes the J-10C as a 4.5 generation jet fighter.{{cite web|url=https://hushkit.net/2019/02/26/how-good-is-chinas-j-10c-fighter-we-ask-justin-bronk-from-the-rusi-think-tank/ |title=How good is China's J-10C fighter? We ask Justin Bronk from the RUSI think-tank |website=Hush-Kit |date=26 February 2019 }}
• J-10CE: Export version of J-10C.{{sfn|Bronk|2020|p=41}}
• J-10CY: Aerobatics variant of J-10C, replaced J-10AY.

File:J10C operators.jpg

; {{PRC}}

• People's Liberation Army Air Force: 236 J-10A, 55 J-10B, 220 J-10C, 77 J-10S as of 2023{{sfn|The International Institute for Strategic Studies|2024|p=260}}

; {{PAK}}

• Pakistan Air Force: 36 J-10CE (20 delivered, 16 on order){{sfn|The International Institute for Strategic Studies|2024|p=304}}{{cite web |url= https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/chinas-j-10c-fighter-jet-killer-sky-207294 |title = China's J-10C Fighter Jet Is A Killer In the Sky |date= 20 August 2024 |access-date= 15 December 2024}}

On 12 November 2016, an August 1st Aerobatics Team training flight suffered a mid-air collision in Hebei. A twin-seat J-10 crashed. The pilot, Captain Yu Xu, and the co-pilot ejected, but Yu was struck by another J-10 and killed. Yu was the first woman certified to fly the J-10.{{cite web |last1=Guo |first1= Kai |title=Black box of plane that crashed and killed female fighter pilot found |url=http://en.people.cn/n3/2016/1114/c90000-9141277.html |website=People's Daily |date=14 November 2016 |access-date=16 January 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115003650/http://en.people.cn/n3/2016/1114/c90000-9141277.html |archive-date=15 November 2016 }}

In October 2020, the People's Liberation Army Daily reported that a J-10 crashed after a bird strike disabled its engine. The pilot ejected and survived.{{Cite web |title=Chinese fighter jet taken down by bird |url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/news/4023539 |date=5 October 2010 |access-date=23 October 2024 |website=Taiwan News |language=en}}

File:PLAAF J-10B with PL-12 and PL-8B at ZhuHai Air Show 2018.jpg

File:Chengdu J-10.svg

{{Aircraft specs

| prime units?=met

| ref= {{cite web |url= https://www.hk01.com/即時中國/400191/對外軍售-中國三代機進軍國際市場-殲-10c首亮相杜拜航展 |title=【對外軍售】中國三代機進軍國際市場？ 殲-10C首亮相杜拜航展 |author= 褚文 |date=2019-11-19 |publisher=香港01 |language=zh-hant |accessdate=2022-01-23}}

| crew=1

| length m=16.9

| length note=

| span m=9.8

| span note=

| height m=5.7

| height note=

| wing area sqm=37

| wing area note=

| aspect ratio=

| airfoil=

| empty weight kg=9750

| empty weight note={{cite web |url=http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/j-10/ |title=J-10 (Jian 10) – Vigorous Dragon Multi-Role Tactical Fighter, China|date=10 February 2008 |publisher=SPG Media Limited |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713044152/http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/j-10/ |archive-date=13 July 2007 |url-status=live }}{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}}

| gross weight kg=14000

| gross weight note=

| max takeoff weight kg=19227

| max takeoff weight note=

| fuel capacity= 4950 L (3860 kg) internal. 4000 L (3120 kg) external with 3 drop tanks (2x1600L + 1x800L){{Cite web|url=http://www.aerospaceweb.org/aircraft/fighter/j10/|title=Aerospaceweb.org | Aircraft Museum - J-10 / F-10|website=www.aerospaceweb.org}}

| more general=

| eng1 number=1

| eng1 name=WS-10B

| eng1 type=afterburning turbofan engines

| eng1 kn=89.17

| eng1 note=, 135 kN{{Cite web |title=China's J-15 naval jet appears with indigenous WS-10 engines |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/chinas-j-15-naval-jet-appears-with-indigenous-ws-10-engines |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=Janes.com |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Honrada |first=Gabriel |date=2022-11-27 |title=China fighters ditching Russia for homegrown engines |url=http://asiatimes.com/2022/11/china-fighters-ditching-russia-for-homegrown-engines/ |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=Asia Times |language=en-US}} - 144 kN{{Cite web |url=https://m.weibo.cn/detail/4229925902273166 |title=空军新型战机歼-10C战斗值班，深圳卫视说了啥？ |author=空军发布 |date=2018-04-17 |publisher=Weibo |language=zh-hans |accessdate=2022-11-23 }} with afterburner

| eng1 kn-ab=

| max speed kmh=

| max speed note=

| max speed mach= 1.8

| cruise speed mach=

| cruise speed note=

| stall speed kmh=200

| stall speed note=

| never exceed speed kmh=

| never exceed speed note=

| minimum control speed kmh=

| minimum control speed note=

| range km=1850

| range note={{cite web |url=http://m.online.sh.cn/news/content/2018-12/01/content_9129507.htm |title=网页已删除 |access-date=18 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418033737/http://m.online.sh.cn/news/content/2018-12/01/content_9129507.htm |archive-date=18 April 2019 |url-status=live }}

| combat range km= 550

| ferry range km= 4600

| ferry range note=

| endurance=

| ceiling m=18000

| ceiling note=

| roll rate=

| climb rate ms=300

| climb rate note= {{cite web|url=http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2011-07-18/0951657380.html|title=韩国防长参观中国空军飞行试验基地登上歼10_新浪军事_新浪网}}

| time to altitude=

| wing loading kg/m2=381

| wing loading note=

| fuel consumption kg/km=

| power/mass=

| thrust/weight=1.04

| more performance=

| guns=1× Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23

| hardpoints=11 in total (6× under-wing, 2× under-intake and 3× under-fuselage)

| hardpoint capacity=5600 kg of external fuel and ordnance

| rockets=90 mm unguided rocket pods

| missiles=

• Air-to-air missiles:
  PL-8
  PL-10 (J-10C)
  PL-12
  PL-15 (J-10C)
• Air-to-surface missiles:
  KD-88{{cite book |last1=Rupprecht |first1=Andreas |title=Modern Chinese Warplane: Chinese Air Force - Aircraft and Units |year=2018 |publisher=Harpia Publishing |isbn=978-09973092-5-6 |page=118}} standoff land attack missile
  YJ-91 anti-radiation missile

| bombs=
Laser-guided bombs: (LS-500J,{{cite book |last1=Rupprecht |first1=Andreas |title=Modern Chinese Warplanes - Chinese Air Force |date=29 October 2018 |publisher=Harpia Publishing |isbn=978-0-9973092-6-3 |pages=46}} LT-2)
Glide bombs: (LS-6, GB3, GB2A, GB3A, GB250)
Satellite-guided bombs: (FT-1)
Unguided bombs: 250 kg, 500 kg

• Others:
• Up to 3 external fuel drop-tanks (1× under-fuselage, 2× under-wing) for extended range and loitering time

| avionics=

• Radar
• AESA radar (J-10C){{cite web|url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2017-07-20/new-chinese-weapons-seen-j-10c-fighter|title=New Chinese Weapons Seen on J-10C Fighter|first=Chen|last=Chuanren|website=Aviation International News|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110204219/https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2017-07-20/new-chinese-weapons-seen-j-10c-fighter|archive-date=10 January 2019|url-status=live}}
• Type 1473H pulse-doppler fire-control radar (J-10A)
• Externally mounted avionics pods:
• K/JDC01A targeting pod (on J-10A){{cite book |last1=Rupprecht |first1=Andreas |title=Modern Chinese Warplane: Chinese Air Force - Aircraft and Units |date=2018 |publisher=Harpia Publishing |isbn=978-09973092-6-3 |page=121}}
• Type Hongguang-I infra-red search and track pod (on J-10A)
• CM-802AKG targeting pod for KD-88 and YJ-91 (on J-10C)
• KG600 electronic countermeasure pod
• Blue Sky navigation/attack pod

|combat range note=|eng2 kn-ab=}}

{{Portal|Aviation}}

{{aircontent

| see also=

| related=

• Chengdu J-9
• Shenyang J-13
• CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder
• List of fighter aircraft
• List of aircraft produced by China

| similar aircraft=

• Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet
• Dassault Rafale
• Eurofighter Typhoon
• General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon
• Mikoyan MiG-29 / MiG-35
• Mitsubishi F-2
• Saab JAS 39 Gripen

}}

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Refbegin}}

• {{cite report |last1=Bronk |first1=Justin |date=October 2020 |title=Russian and Chinese Combat Air Trends |series=Whitehall Report |volume=3-20 |url=https://static.rusi.org/russian_and_chinese_combat_air_trends_whr_final_web_version.pdf |publisher=Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies |access-date=3 September 2024 }}
• {{cite conference |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0m36465p |title=Research, Development, and Acquisition in China's Aviation Industry: The J-10 Fighter and Pterodactyl UAV |last1=Erickson |first1=Andrew |last2=Lu |first2=Hanlu |last3=Bryan |first3=Kathryn |last4=Septembre |first4=Samuel |date=2014 |publisher=University of California Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation |conference=Annual Review of China’s Defense Technology and Industrial Base |conference-url=https://igcc.ucsd.edu/research/technology-innovation/innovation-technology-china/sitc-policy-briefs.html |series=7 }}
• {{Cite book |author=The International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The Military Balance 2024 |year=2024 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-032-78004-7}}
• {{cite book |last1=Wood |first1=Peter |last2=Stewart |first2=Robert |date=26 September 2019 |title=China's Aviation Industry: Lumbering Forward |url=https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/CASI/Books/Lumbering_Forward_Aviation_Industry_Web_2019-08-02.pdf?ver=2019-08-05-102041-830 |publisher=United States Air Force Air University China Aerospace Studies Institute |isbn=9781082740404 |access-date=20 September 2020 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628053922/https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/CASI/Books/Lumbering_Forward_Aviation_Industry_Web_2019-08-02.pdf?ver=2019-08-05-102041-830 |url-status=dead }}
• {{cite book |last1=Wood |first1=Peter |last2=Wahlstrom |first2=Alden |last3=Cliff |first3=Roger |date=March 2020 |title=China's Aeroengine Industry |url=https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/CASI/documents/Research/Infrastructure/CASI_Aeroengines%20041520.pdf?ver=2020-04-22-133912-480 |publisher=United States Air Force Air University China Aerospace Studies Institute |isbn=9798637786664 |access-date=22 November 2020 |archive-date=27 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327192943/https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/CASI/documents/Research/Infrastructure/CASI_Aeroengines%20041520.pdf?ver=2020-04-22-133912-480 |url-status=dead }}
• {{cite book |last1=Wood |first1=Peter |last2=Yang |first2=David |last3=Cliff |first3=Roger |date=November 2020 |title=Air-to-Air Missiles: Capabilities and Development in China |url=https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/CASI/documents/Research/Infrastructure/2020-11-%2030%20Air-to-Air%20Missiles%20and%20Guidance%20Systems.pdf |location=Montgomery, Alabama |publisher=China Aerospace Studies Institute |isbn=9798574996270}}

{{Refend}}

{{Commons category|Chengdu J-10}}

{{AVIC Aero Products}}

{{Chinese Military Aircraft}}

{{PRC fighters}}

{{PLAAF Aircraft}}

Category:Canard aircraft

J-10

Category:Delta-wing aircraft

J-10, Chengdu

Category:Single-engined jet aircraft

Category:Aircraft first flown in 1998

Category:Thrust vectoring for higher maneuverability

Category:Fourth-generation jet fighters

Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear

Category:4.5-generation jet fighters

Category:Three dimension thrust vectoring aircraft