Christopher Tappin

In 2005, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents established a front company, Mercury Global Enterprises (MGE). A business acquaintance of Tappin contacted the company initially to buy surveillance equipment. They later enquired about exporting other military hardware without the proper licenses. Shortly before the man was arrested for trying to buy zinc/silver oxide batteries to power MIM-23 Hawk surface-to-air missiles for a customer in Tehran, Tappin was named as an exporter.

US federal authorities allege Tappin tried to buy 50 Eagle-Picher P/N GAP 4328 zinc/silver oxide batteries (National Stock Number: 1420-00-484-8556){{cite web|url=http://www.naval-technology.com/contractors/electrical/eaglepicher-batteries/ |title=EaglePicher - Batteries and Energetic Devices |publisher=Naval Technology |date=2011-06-15 |accessdate=2012-10-21}}{{cite web|url=http://www.ordtech-industries.com/2products/Missile_Technology/Hawk/MIM_parts.html |title=Ordtech Missile System Hawk MIM-23 and Patriot MIM-104 support Parts Manufacture, Support, Maintenance, Overhaul, Modernisation, Upgrade, Phase III Improvement |publisher=Ordtech-industries.com |date= |accessdate=2012-10-21}} between December 2005 and January 2007. The batteries, which were to be exported from the United States to Iran via the Netherlands, are part of the electronics of the Hawk surface-to-air missile. In November 1985, 18 Hawk missiles were shipped to Iran during the Reagan Administration. Tappin maintains as the exporter he thought he was buying car batteries.{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-12518190 | location=London | work=BBC| title=Iran arms accused Christopher Tappin to be extradited | date=2012-01-13}} The US maintains that the batteries were to be exported to Tehran without the necessary US government approval.

A federal arrest warrant for Tappin was first issued by a grand jury in Texas in 2007. In January 2012 Tappin lost his final appeal against extradition to the US under the Extradition Act 2003.{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/8318999/Golf-club-president-loses-latest-extradition-battle-over-sale-of-missiles-to-Iran.html | location=London | work=The Telegraph| title=Golf club president loses latest extradition battle over 'sale of missiles to Iran' | date=2011-02-12 | first=Caroline | last=Gammell}} On denying Tappin's appeal against extradition to the United States, Mr Justice Cranston, a judge of the High Court of England and Wales, considered whether the case was the result of entrapment by US agents, concluding:

Gibson, [Tappin]’s co-conspirator, approached MGE officers, not the other way around, and said that he had already conducted illegal export activities with [Tappin]. After Gibson dropped out, [Tappin] pursued the order and made clear that ultimately he wanted 35 batteries. [Tappin] devised the cover that the batteries were for electroplating by a Dutch chemical company. MGE’s agents gave [Tappin] an opportunity to withdraw from the transaction on 19 October [2006], after he had stopped payment, but [Tappin] persisted.{{cite web|url=http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/Resources/JCO/Documents/Judgments/tappin-v-usa.pdf|title=Tappin-v-USA, Royal Courts of Justice Appeal Ruling|publisher=Queen's Bench Division|date=13 January 2012|access-date=25 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217062240/http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/Resources/JCO/Documents/Judgments/tappin-v-usa.pdf|archive-date=17 February 2012|url-status=dead}}

Tappin's alleged co-conspirators were Robert Frederick Gibson (a British citizen) who pleaded guilty in 2007 and was sentenced to 2 years imprisonment, and Robert Thomas Caldwell (a US citizen) who was convicted at trial in 2007 and sentenced to one year and eight months imprisonment.[https://www.forbes.com/sites/walterpavlo/2012/02/27/the-case-of-chris-tappin-how-u-k-views-his-extradition-to-u-s/} ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301053144/http://www.forbes.com/sites/walterpavlo/2012/02/27/the-case-of-chris-tappin-how-u-k-views-his-extradition-to-u-s/ |date=1 March 2012 }}

On 24 February 2012, Tappin surrendered himself to British authorities at Heathrow Airport Police Station, London. Shortly afterwards he was handed over to US Marshals to be flown to the United States. His UK-based solicitor, Karen Todner, said that due to the difficulty in getting witnesses from the UK to testify in the US, and other difficulties in mounting a defence, it was likely that Tappin would make some form of plea bargain with American prosecutors.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-17146487|title=Christopher Tappin condemns treatment as US extradition under way|publisher=BBC|date=24 February 2012}} A few minutes before entering Heathrow Airport Police Station, Tappin spoke with news reporters, stating that:

I look to Mr Cameron to look after my rights and he has failed to do so. I have no rights. Abu Qatada is walking the streets of London today and we cannot extradite him. He has more rights than I have. If I was a terrorist I would not be going to America. I think it’s a shame, a disgrace. The Conservative government, while in opposition, promised to reform the law and they failed to do so and they’ve let me down, they’ve let you down, they’ve let the whole country down.{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/9104000/Christopher-Tappin-to-be-held-in-prison-for-a-week-after-extradition-to-US.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | first=Tom | last=Whitehead | title=Christopher Tappin to be held in prison for a week after extradition to US | date=24 February 2012}}{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/9105599/Christopher-Tappin-enters-US-custody-after-extradition.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | title=Christopher Tappin enters US custody after extradition | date=25 February 2012}}{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/christopher-tappin-brands-his-extradition-a-disgrace-7440223.html | location=London | work=The Independent | first1=Wesley | last1=Johnson | first2=Ellen | last2=Branagh | date=24 February 2012 | title=Christopher Tappin brands his extradition a 'disgrace'}}{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-17148704 | work=BBC News | title=UK businessman 'let down by UK justice' | date=24 February 2012}}

Tappin was flown to El Paso, Texas via Houston on United Airlines flights and incarcerated in Otero County jail in New Mexico before his first court hearing.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2012/feb/24/christopher-tappin-police-extradition-us?newsfeed=true|title=Christopher Tappin hands himself in to Heathrow police for extradition to US|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2012-02-24|location=London|first=Owen|last=Bowcott}} At his own request, he was held in isolation.BBC News website https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-17174702 He appeared in court on 29 February wearing an orange-colored prison jumpsuit, handcuffed and in shackles.{{citation needed|date=September 2020}} Tappin was remanded in custody until 2 March.{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/9112380/Christopher-Tappin-makes-first-appearance-before-Texas-court.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | first=Raf | last=Sanchez | title=Christopher Tappin makes first appearance before Texas court | date=28 February 2012}}{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-17200611 | work=BBC News | title=Chris Tappin appears in US court on Iran missile charge | date=29 February 2012}} On 28 February, Elaine Tappin (his wife) addressed MPs on the Commons home affairs committee to express her dismay that UK courts were not interested in her husband's case. She stated that she was astonished that what she described as a "preposterous request" from US officials could be taken seriously by British courts.{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-17193129 | work=BBC News | title=Extradited Chris Tappin's wife breaks down in Commons | date=28 February 2012}}

On 5 March, Judge Robert Castaneda ruled that Tappin must remain in custody after prosecutors asked that he be detained for the duration of the proceedings because he "posed a flight risk".{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-17266000 | work=BBC News | title=Extradited Briton Chris Tappin denied bail in US | date=6 March 2012}} Assistant US attorney Greg McDonald told the court that "the risk is not that he'll punch somebody in the face, but through the use of a computer and the knowledge he has, he might pose a danger to the community."{{Cite web|url=http://www.itn.co.uk:80/home/40496/Christopher+Tappin+denied+bail|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308174923/http://www.itn.co.uk/home/40496/Christopher+Tappin+denied+bail|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 March 2012|title=Christopher Tappin denied bail - Home - ITN.co.uk|date=2012-03-08|access-date=2017-08-14}}{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/9125003/Christopher-Tappin-denied-bail-by-Texas-court.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | first=Raf | last=Sanchez | title=Christopher Tappin denied bail by Texas court | date=5 March 2012}}{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2012/mar/06/christopher-tappin-denied-bail?newsfeed=true | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Ben | last=Quinn | title=Christopher Tappin denied bail in US on arms dealing claims | date=6 March 2012}} On 8 March, Karen Todner (Tappin's solicitor in the UK){{cite web|url=http://www.kaimtodner.com/people/karen_todner/ |title=Karen Todner | Kaim Todner Solicitors Ltd |publisher=Kaimtodner.com |date= |accessdate=2012-10-21}} urged the British government to intervene over the bail refusal.{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsshopper.co.uk/news/top_stories/9578476.Tappin_lawyer_urges_government_to_intervene_over_bail_refusal/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905080809/http://www.newsshopper.co.uk/news/top_stories/9578476.Tappin_lawyer_urges_government_to_intervene_over_bail_refusal/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-09-05|title=Tappin lawyer urges government to intervene over bail refusal (From N…|date=2012-09-05|work=archive.is|access-date=2017-08-14}} Eventually, on 25 April 2012, Tappin was bailed on condition that he wore an electronic tracking tag at all times. Additionally, his ability to travel was restricted to within two Texas counties as well as the border city of El Paso for court appearances.{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/9227831/Christopher-Tappin-relieved-after-being-freed-on-bail-in-Texas..html | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120911093944/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/9227831/Christopher-Tappin-relieved-after-being-freed-on-bail-in-Texas..html | url-status=dead | archive-date=11 September 2012 | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | title=Christopher Tappin 'relieved' after being freed on bail in Texas | date=26 April 2012}} After being released on bail, Tappin told the BBC that he planned to vigorously defend himself against the allegations, stating that:

I'm not a terrorist. I've never had any connections with terrorism and I'm just appalled that things could come to this sort of stage - especially in my life now, when I'm 65, been retired for four years and enjoying retirement. I didn't know these batteries were for Hawk missiles and too, I didn't know they were destined for Iran.{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-17865757 | work=BBC News | title=Christopher Tappin vows to contest terrorism allegations | date=27 April 2012}}{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/christopher-tappin-to-stand-trial-in-november-on-arms-charges-8140124.html|title=Christopher Tappin to stand trial in November on arms charges - Crime - UK|author=Wesley Johnson|date=2012-09-15|accessdate=2012-10-21|newspaper=The Independent|location=London}}{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-19603844|title=BBC News - Weapons parts accused Christopher Tappin's US trial date set|date=2012-09-14|accessdate=2012-10-21|publisher=Bbc.co.uk}}

Tappin's removal to the United States to stand trial has been criticised by the Leader of the UK Independence Party, Nigel Farage MEP, who sent an open letter to Theresa May about the issue{{cite web|author=Nigel Farage MEP |url=http://nigelfaragemep.co.uk/pages/get-involved/campaigns/christopher-tappin-us-uk-treaty.php |title=Christopher Tappin US-UK Treaty |publisher=Nigel Farage MEP |date= |accessdate=2012-10-21}} and also set up an ePetition for opponents of Tappin's extradition to sign.{{cite news |url=http://www.kentnews.co.uk/news/nigel_farage_vows_to_fight_against_the_extradition_of_chris_tappin_1_1224650 |title=Nigel Farage vows to fight against the extradition of Chris Tappin |publisher=Kent News |date=4 March 2012}}{{cite web|url=http://www.kentnews.co.uk/blogs/we_must_demand_justice_for_orpington_s_christopher_tappin_says_ukip_leader_nigel_farage_1_1229446 |title=We must demand justice for Orpington's Christopher Tappin, says Ukip leader Nigel Farage - Blogs |publisher=Kent News |date=2012-03-09 |accessdate=2012-10-21}}{{cite web|url=http://ukip.org/content/latest-news/2622-ukip-epetition-supports-chris-tappin |title=UKIP ePetition supports Chris Tappin - UK Independence Party |publisher=Ukip.org |date=2012-03-05 |accessdate=2012-10-21}} The ePetition states: "In the light of the Chris Tappin case, demands that David Cameron debates the US-UK extradition treaty with President Obama, with a view to amending it".{{cite web|url=http://epetitions.direct.gov.uk/petitions/30569 |title=In light of Chris Tappin case, Cameron to debate Treaty with Obama - e-petitions |publisher=Epetitions.direct.gov.uk |date= |accessdate=2012-10-21}} The requested debate did take place on 14 March 2012{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-17384522 | work=BBC News | title=UK and US agree to look at extradition arrangements | date=15 March 2012}} but it remains to be seen whether it will produce any results.

Isabella Sankey, the director of policy for Liberty, said: "No British court has ever been allowed to examine any evidence against Christopher Tappin or consider whether he should be tried here. Even if a US jury eventually finds him not guilty, he'll still spend years in a Texan jail awaiting trial, thousands of miles from his home and sick wife."

On 1 November 2012, Tappin pleaded guilty in a federal court at El Paso, Texas, to selling weapons parts to Iran after reaching an agreement with prosecutors. Prosecutors said they would raise no objection to his serving the sentence in the UK.{{cite news|title=Christopher Tappin pleads guilty over weapons charges|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-20164725|accessdate=1 November 2012|newspaper=BBC News|date=1 November 2012}}

On 9 January 2013, Tappin was given a 33-month prison sentence for arms dealing and fined US$11,357 (£7,095).

Between 8 March to 30 September 2013 he served his sentence at Federal Correctional Complex, Allenwood in Pennsylvania (as Federal Bureau of Prisons prisoner [http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=NameSearch&needingMoreList=false&FirstName=Christopher+&Middle=&LastName=Tappin&Race=U&Sex=U&Age=&x=-529&y=-517 #90763-280]) until his repatriation to HM Wandsworth.{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.itv.com/news/update/2013-01-09/christopher-tappin-given-33-month-sentence-in-us-court |title=Christopher Tappin given 33-month sentence by US court - ITV News |publisher=Itv.com |date=2013-01-09 |accessdate=2015-07-29}}{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/christopher-tappin-jailed-for-33-months-for-armstoiran-scheme-8444828.html | location=London | work=The Independent | first=Cahal | last=Milmo | title=Christopher Tappin jailed for 33 months for arms-to-Iran scheme | date=9 January 2013}}

On 28 September 2013, Tappin returned to the UK to serve his remaining 14-month sentence at the HM Wandsworth prison in South London. He was subsequently paroled from prison in May 2014, on condition that he wore an electronic monitoring tag on his ankle.{{cite news|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4114404.ece |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200225232724/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article4114404.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 February 2020 |title=Chris Tappin: the extradited man |newspaper=The Times |date=2014-06-14 |access-date=2015-07-29}}

Tappin's wife of over 30 years, for whom he is the principal caregiver, suffers from chronic eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/9111249/Christopher-Tappins-wife-breaks-down-in-despair-over-husband-being-carted-off.html |title=Christopher Tappin's wife breaks down in despair over husband being 'carted off' |author=Christopher Hope |date=28 February 2012 |accessdate=28 February 2012 |location=London |work=The Daily Telegraph}} The couple have two children.[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-17865761 Why was a retired Briton extradited to the US?]

• Babar Ahmad
• David Carruthers
• Peter Dicks
• Gary McKinnon
• NatWest Three
• Richard O'Dwyer
• Syed Talha Ahsan

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tappin, Christopher}}

Category:British businesspeople

Category:People extradited from the United Kingdom to the United States

Category:British people imprisoned in the United States

Category:Living people

Category:Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government

Category:1946 births