Chukotka (icebreaker)
{{short description|Russian nuclear icebreaker}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
| {{Infobox ship begin
|infobox caption= |display title= }} {{Infobox ship image |Ship image=Ледокол "Чукотка".jpg |Ship image size= |Ship caption=Launch of Chukotka }} {{Infobox ship career | Hide header = | Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Russia}} | Ship country=Russia | Ship name = Chukotka (Чукотка) | Ship namesake = Chukotka Autonomous Okrug | Ship owner = | Ship operator = FSUE Atomflot | Ship registry = | Ship route = | Ship builder = Baltic Shipyard, Saint Petersburg | Ship original cost = Over RUB 100 billion (for two vessels) | Ship sponsor = Elena Shmeleva{{cite web|url=https://tass.ru/ekonomika/22328693|title=Песков: Елена Шмелева станет "крестной матерью" атомного ледокола "Чукотка"|language=ru|date=6 November 2024|website=TASS|accessdate=6 November 2024}} | Ship completed = December 2026 (planned){{cite web|url=https://sudostroenie.info/novosti/34580.html|title=В "Атомфлоте" рассказали об ожидаемых сроках сдачи ледоколов проекта 22220|language=ru|date=20 October 2021|accessdate=21 October 2021|publisher=Sudostroenie.info|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020151427/https://sudostroenie.info/novosti/34580.html|url-status=live}} | Ship in service = | Ship out of service = | Ship identification = * {{IMO Number|9924106}}{{csr|register=E|id=9924106|shipname=Chukotka|accessdate=19 November 2022}} | Ship fate = | Ship status = Under construction | Ship notes = }} {{Infobox ship characteristics |Hide header= |Header caption={{cite web|url=http://www.rosatomflot.ru/flot/universalnyy-atomnyy-ledokol-proekta-22220/|title=Универсальный атомный ледокол проекта 22220|publisher=Rosatomflot|access-date=26 April 2020|language=ru|archive-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526134659/http://www.rosatomflot.ru/flot/universalnyy-atomnyy-ledokol-proekta-22220/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.aoosk.ru/en/products/multipurpose-nuclear-powered-icebreaker/|title=Multipurpose nuclear icebreaker project 22220|publisher=United Shipbuilding Corporation|access-date=26 April 2020|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629085612/https://www.aoosk.ru/en/products/multipurpose-nuclear-powered-icebreaker/|url-status=live}} |Ship class=Project 22220 icebreaker |Ship tonnage= |Ship displacement=* {{convert|33,530|t|LT|abbr=on}} ({{abbr|dwl|design waterline}})
|Ship length=* {{convert|173.3|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} (overall)
|Ship beam=* {{convert|34|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} (maximum)
|Ship height={{convert|51.25|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}{{cite web|url=http://sudostroenie.info/novosti/28919.html|title=Как ледокол "Арктика" готовился к ходовым испытаниям|language=ru|publisher=Sudostroenie.info|date=15 December 2019|access-date=16 December 2019|archive-date=16 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216082004/http://sudostroenie.info/novosti/28919.html|url-status=live}} |Ship draft=* {{convert|10.5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} ({{abbr|dwl|design waterline}})
|Ship depth={{convert|15.2|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} |Ship ice class= RMRS Icebreaker9 |Ship power=* Two RITM-200 nuclear reactors (2{{nbsp}}×{{nbsp}}175{{nbsp}}{{abbr|MWt|megawatts thermal}})
|Ship propulsion=* Nuclear-turbo-electric
|Ship speed=* {{convert|22|kn}}
|
| 2|kn}} in {{convert|2.8|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} ice
|Ship range= |Ship endurance=* 7 years (reactor fuel) |Ship capacity= |Ship crew=75 |Ship aircraft facilities=Helideck and hangar |Ship notes= }} |
Chukotka ({{langx|ru|Чукотка}}) is a Russian Project 22220 nuclear-powered icebreaker currently under construction at Baltic Shipyard in Saint Petersburg.
Development and construction
= Background =
{{Main|Project 22220 icebreaker#Development}}
In the late 1980s,{{citation|last=Tsoy|first=L.G.|title=Не разучились ли наши судостроители проектировать ледоколы?|journal=Морской флот|issue=5|year=2012|language=ru}} the Russian research institutes and design bureaus developed a successor for the 1970s Arktika-class nuclear-powered icebreakers as part of a wider icebreaker fleet renewal program initiated shortly after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.{{Citation|last1=Tsoy|first1=L.G.|last2=Stoyanov|first2=I.A.|last3=Mikhailichenko|first3=V.V.|last4=Livshits|first4=S.G.|contribution=Perspective types of Arctic icebreakers and their principal characteristics|year=1995|title=Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, 1995 (POAC'95)|volume=1|pages=13–26|contribution-url=http://www.poac.com/Papers/POAC95_V1_all.pdf|access-date=19 November 2022|archive-date=30 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730094029/https://www.poac.com/Papers/POAC95_V1_all.pdf|url-status=live}} The new 60-megawatt icebreaker, referred to using a type size series designation LK-60Ya,The type size series designation "LK-60Ya" ({{langx|ru|ЛК-60Я}}) comes from the Russian language word for "icebreaker" ({{langx|ru|text=ледокол|translit=ledokol}}), propulsion power (60 megawatts), and the first letter of the Russian word for "nuclear" ({{langx|ru|text=ядерное|translit=yadernoye}}). would feature a so-called dual-draft functionality which would allow the vessel to operate in shallow coastal areas after de-ballasting.{{Citation|last=Tsoy|first=L.G.|contribution=New generation Arktika class nuclear icebreaker feasibility study|year=1994|title=Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Ships and Marine Structures in Cold Regions, 1994 (ICETECH'95)|pages=P1–P8}} Although the preliminary designs had been developed almost two decades earlier, the LK-60Ya design was finalized in 2009 as Project 22220 by Central Design Bureau "Iceberg"{{cite web|url=https://www.motorship.com/news101/ships-and-shipyards/largest-icebreaker-construction-now-underway|title=Largest icebreaker construction now underway|date=26 January 2014|publisher=The Motorship|access-date=24 December 2019|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812073223/https://www.motorship.com/news101/ships-and-shipyards/largest-icebreaker-construction-now-underway|url-status=live}} and the construction of the first vessel was awarded to Saint Petersburg-based Baltic Shipyard in August 2012.{{cite web|url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2012-news/august/552--baltic-shipyard-to-build-new-large-nuclear-powered-icebreaker-project-22220-lc-60ya.html|title=Baltic Shipyard to build new large nuclear-powered icebreaker (Project 22220 LC-60YA)|publisher=Navy Recognition|date=7 August 2012|access-date=24 December 2019|archive-date=19 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119215957/https://navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2012-news/august/552--baltic-shipyard-to-build-new-large-nuclear-powered-icebreaker-project-22220-lc-60ya.html|url-status=live}} Three additional contracts in May 2014, August 2019 and February 2023 have increased the number of Project 22220 icebreakers under construction or on order to seven.{{cite web|url=https://barentsobserver.com/en/arctic/2014/05/baltiysky-shipyard-build-three-new-icebreakers-2020-08-05|title=Baltiysky Shipyard to build three new icebreakers by 2020|publisher=Barents Observer|date=8 May 2014|accessdate=24 December 2019|archive-date=31 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331090316/https://barentsobserver.com/en/arctic/2014/05/baltiysky-shipyard-build-three-new-icebreakers-2020-08-05|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2019/08/russias-atomflot-orders-4th-5th-project-22220-nuclear-powered-icebreakers/|title=Russia's ATOMFLOT Orders 4th & 5th Project 22220 Nuclear-Powered Icebreakers|publisher=Naval News|date=11 August 2019|accessdate=24 December 2019|archive-date=30 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130045217/https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2019/08/russias-atomflot-orders-4th-5th-project-22220-nuclear-powered-icebreakers/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://rosatomflot.ru/press-centr/novosti-predpriyatiya/2023/02/03/11503-rosatomflot-zaklyuchil-kontrakt-na-stroitelstvo-pyatogo-i-shestogo-seriynyh-universalnyh-atomnyh-ledokolov/|title=Росатомфлот заключил контракт на строительство пятого и шестого серийных универсальных атомных ледоколов|language=ru|website=Rosatomflot|date=3 February 2023|accessdate=3 February 2023|archive-date=3 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203113048/http://rosatomflot.ru/press-centr/novosti-predpriyatiya/2023/02/03/11503-rosatomflot-zaklyuchil-kontrakt-na-stroitelstvo-pyatogo-i-shestogo-seriynyh-universalnyh-atomnyh-ledokolov/|url-status=live}}
= Construction =
On 23 August 2019, FSUE Atomflot signed a contract worth over 100 billion rubles (about US$1.5 billion) for the construction of two additional Project 22220 icebreakers with Baltic Shipyard. As before, the Saint Petersburg-based shipyard was the only bidder for the construction of the nuclear-powered icebreakers.{{cite web|url=https://en.portnews.ru/news/281452/|title=Baltiysky Zavod Shipyard wins contracts for LK 60 icebreaker duo|publisher=PortNews|date=6 August 2019|accessdate=19 November 2022|archive-date=19 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119220006/https://en.portnews.ru/news/281452/|url-status=live}}
The keel of the fifth Project 22220 icebreaker was laid on 16 December 2020 and the hull was launched on 6 November 2024. The vessel, named Chukotka ({{langx|ru|Чукотка}}) after the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, is scheduled to be delivered by December 2026.
Design
{{Main|Project 22220 icebreaker#Design}}
Chukotka is {{convert|173.3|m|ft|0}} long overall and has a maximum beam of {{convert|34|m|ft}}. Designed to operate efficiently both in shallow Arctic river estuaries as well as along the Northern Sea Route, the draught of the vessel can be varied between about {{convert|9|and|10.5|m|ft|0}} by taking in and discharging ballast water, corresponding to a displacement between {{convert|25540|and|33530|t|LT}}.{{cite web|url=https://www.fontanka.ru/2022/02/02/70417997/|title=Испытание Дудинкой. "Сибирь" поборола лишний вес|language=ru|publisher=Fontanka.ru|date=2 February 2022|accessdate=2 February 2022|archive-date=2 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202133310/https://www.fontanka.ru/2022/02/02/70417997/|url-status=live}}
Chukotka has a nuclear-turbo-electric powertrain. The onboard nuclear power plant consists of two 175{{nbsp}}{{abbr|MWt|megawatts thermal}} RITM-200 pressurized water reactors fueled by up to 20% enriched Uranium-235{{cite web|url=https://lynceans.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Marine-Nuclear-Power-1939-2018_Part-3A_R1_Russia_submarines.pdf|title=Marine Nuclear Power: 1939 – 2018|first=Peter|last=Lobner|accessdate=25 September 2021|archive-date=28 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428074833/https://lynceans.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Marine-Nuclear-Power-1939-2018_Part-3A_R1_Russia_submarines.pdf|url-status=live}} and two 36{{nbsp}}{{abbr|MWe|megawatts electric}} turbogenerators.{{cite web|url=http://www.okbm.nnov.ru/upload/iblock/99a/99a99ac98bb4a29bc538d90b3d8be7dc.pdf|title=Serving the nuclear machine building industry since 1945|publisher=JSC "Afrikantov OKBM"|access-date=26 April 2020|archive-date=27 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127142241/http://www.okbm.nnov.ru/upload/iblock/99a/99a99ac98bb4a29bc538d90b3d8be7dc.pdf|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=https://kzgroup.ru/eng/m/110/kirovsky_zavod_will_manufacture_a_steam-turbine_plant_for_the_worlds_largest_nuclear-powered_ice-br.html|title=Kirovsky Zavod Will Manufacture a Steam-Turbine Plant for the World's Largest Nuclear-Powered Ice-Breaker|publisher=Kirovsky Zavod|date=27 August 2013|access-date=26 April 2020|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027033844/https://kzgroup.ru/eng/m/110/kirovsky_zavod_will_manufacture_a_steam-turbine_plant_for_the_worlds_largest_nuclear-powered_ice-br.html|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ruselprom.ru/about/press-tsentr/novosti/turbogenerator-ruselproma-ustanovili-na-atomnyy-ledokol-/|title=Турбогенератор РУСЭЛПРОМА установили на атомный ледокол|language=ru|publisher=Ruselprom|access-date=26 April 2020|archive-date=30 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130182644/https://www.ruselprom.ru/about/press-tsentr/novosti/turbogenerator-ruselproma-ustanovili-na-atomnyy-ledokol-/|url-status=live}} The propulsion system follows the classic polar icebreaker pattern with three {{convert|6.2|m|ft|adj=on}} four-bladed propellers driven by {{convert|20|MW|hp|-3|adj=on}} electric motors.{{cite web|url=http://www.ruselprom.ru/about/press-tsentr/novosti/elektrodvigateli-ruselproma-pogruzheny-na-ledokol-sibir/|title=Электродвигатели "Русэлпрома" погружены на ледокол "Сибирь"|publisher=Ruselprom|language=ru|access-date=26 April 2020|archive-date=7 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207141203/https://www.ruselprom.ru/about/press-tsentr/novosti/elektrodvigateli-ruselproma-pogruzheny-na-ledokol-sibir/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/3222109|title="Звездочка" изготовила лопасти гребных винтов для головного атомного ледокола|language=ru|date=20 April 2016|access-date=26 April 2020|archive-date=19 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119220015/https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/3222109|url-status=live}} With a total propulsion power of {{convert|60|MW|hp}}, Chukotka is designed to be capable of breaking {{convert|2.8|m|ft|0}} thick level ice at a continuous speed of {{convert|1.5|-|2|kn}} at full power when operating in deep water at design draught.
Notes
{{reflist|group=note}}
References
{{reflist}}
{{Nuclear-powered icebreakers}}
{{Nuclear surface ships}}