RITM-200
{{Short description|Nuclear reactor}}
{{Infobox nuclear reactor
| name = RITM-200
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| concept = Pressurized water reactor
| generation = Generation III+ reactor
| reactor_line=
| type_label = Reactor types
RITM-200S
RITM-200N
RITM-200M
RITM-400
RITM-400M
| status = operational
| fuel_type = LEU
| fuel_state = Solid
| spectrum = Thermal
| control = Control rods
| coolant = Liquid (light water)
| moderator = Water
| electric = RITM-200: 55 MWe
RITM-400: 80 MWe
| thermal = RITM-200: 175 MWth
RITM-200S: 198 MWth
RITM-200N: 190 MWth
RITM-200M: 198 MWth
RITM-400: 315 MWth
RITM-400M: 340 MWth
| use = Generation of electricity and propulsion
}}
The RITM-200 is an integrated Generation III+ pressurized water reactor developed by OKBM Afrikantov and designed to produce 55 MWe.{{Cite web |last=Tracey |date=2024-06-26 |title=The RITM-200N reactor as a terrestrial unit |url=https://www.neimagazine.com/analysis/the-ritm-200n-as-a-terrestrial-unit/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241020160054/https://www.neimagazine.com/analysis/the-ritm-200n-as-a-terrestrial-unit/?cf-view |archive-date=2024-10-20 |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=Nuclear Engineering International |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=niraj |date=2023-12-29 |title=Production of all RITM-200 small modular reactors completed |url=https://www.nuclearasia.com/news/production-of-all-ritm-200-small-modular-reactors-completed/5348/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241020161214/https://www.nuclearasia.com/news/production-of-all-ritm-200-small-modular-reactors-completed/5348/ |archive-date=2024-10-20 |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=Nuclear Asia |language=en-US}} The design is an improvement of KLT-40S reactor. It uses up to 20% enriched uranium-235 and can be refueled every 10 years for a 60 year planned lifespan in floating power plant installation.{{cite web |url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN_Small_nuclear_reactors_for_power_and_icebreaking_0710112.html |title=Small nuclear reactors for power and icebreaking |website=www.world-nuclear-news.org |date= |access-date=}} If installed in a stationary power plant the fuel cycle is 6 years.
Design
The RITM-200 has a compact integrated layout placing equipment within the steam generator casing, halving system weight compared to earlier designs and improving ability to operate in rolling and pitching seas.{{cite news |url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Ural-icebreaker-passes-construction-milestone |title=Ural icebreaker passes construction milestone |publisher=World Nuclear News |date=1 August 2018 |access-date=3 August 2018}}
Usage
As of March 2025, there are 8 RITM type reactors under construction at different stages (for floating power units and for icebreakers). Project 22220 icebreaker each uses 2 of RITM-200 reactors.{{cite news |url=https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/eight-ritm-reactors-currently-under-production |title=Eight RITM reactors currently under production |work=World Nuclear News |date=12 March 2025 |access-date=12 March 2025}}
= Icebreakers =
It powers the Project 22220 icebreakers, the first of which went critical in October 2019.{{Cite web |title=SMR in the Making|url=http://rosatomnewsletter.com/2020/03/25/smr-in-the-making/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-05 |website=rosatomnewsletter.com |date=}}{{Cite web |title=Development of nuclear fuel 'complete' for RITM-200S floating power project |url=https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Nuclear-fuel-development-completed-for-RITM-200S-f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241020160857/https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Nuclear-fuel-development-completed-for-RITM-200S-f |archive-date=2024-10-20 |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=World Nuclear News |language=en}} Since 2012, ten RITM‑200 reactors have been manufactured for five Russian Project 22220 multi-purpose nuclear icebreakers. Eight reactors are installed on the Arktika, Sibir, Ural and Yakutia icebreakers, which are already in operation. Construction of Chukotka is nearing completion.
= Floating power plants =
RITM‑200M reactors will also be installed on the floating power units to supply power to the Baimsky GOK mining site in Chukotka. They are planned to be put in operation in 2029.{{Cite web |title=Atoms Grow in Appeal |url=https://rosatomnewsletter.com/2024/01/27/atoms-grow-in-appeal/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |language=en-US |website=rosatomnewsletter.com |date= }}
The volume of investments in the project was estimated at RUB900bn ($10bn). However, Georgy Fotin, Director General of Baimskaya Management Company, said in April, that the assessment had been revised upwards and some RUB170bn had already been invested.
The Baim project will be supplied with electricity using the new FNPPs of the PEB-106 project, designed for operation in the Far North and Far East. They will use the new RITM-200S reactors, which will supply 106 MWe to consumers. Their service life is 40 years and the interval between refuelling is five years. The units will be held in place by rigid mooring devices, which make it possible to compensate for the movement of the power units from the ebb and flow. The power generated by the power unit is transmitted to the shore using 50 high-voltage cables. Three main floating power units and one reserve unit will be installed, which will be used during the repair of the main units.{{Cite web |last=Tracey |date=2024-06-24 |title=Commissioning of first floating nuclear plant for Baimsky project set for 2028 |url=https://www.neimagazine.com/news/commissioning-of-first-floating-nuclear-plant-for-baimsky-project-set-for-2028/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=Nuclear Engineering International |language=en-US}}
= Stationary power plants =
In November 2020 Rosatom announced plans to place a land-based RITM-200N{{Cite web |title=Rosatom begins development of nuclear fuel for upgraded FNPPs - Nuclear Engineering International|url=https://www.neimagazine.com/news/newsrosatom-begins-development-of-nuclear-fuel-for-upgraded-fnpps-9354243 |access-date=2021-12-31 |website=www.neimagazine.com |date=30 December 2021 }} SMR in isolated Ust-Kuyga town in Yakutia.{{Cite web |title=Rosatom plans first land-based SMR for Russian Far East : New Nuclear - World Nuclear News |url=https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Rosatom-plans-first-land-based-SMR-for-Russian-Far|access-date=2020-11-11|website=www.world-nuclear-news.org}} The reactor will replace current coal and oil based electricity and heat generation at half the price.{{Cite web|title=Rosatom to begin work on land-based SMR - Nuclear Engineering International|url=https://www.neimagazine.com/news/newsrosatom-to-being-work-on-land-based-smr-8436408 |access-date=2021-01-06 |website=www.neimagazine.com |date=3 February 2016 }} In April 2023, a license was given for a pilot RITM-200N plant to be built near the village of Ust-Kuiga, with commissioning planned for 2028.{{cite news |url=https://www.neimagazine.com/analysis/the-ritm-200n-as-a-terrestrial-unit/?cf-view |title=The RITM-200N reactor as a terrestrial unit |publisher=Nuclear Engineering International |date=26 June 2024 |access-date=25 July 2024}}
Export
On May 27, 2024, Rosatom signed a contract to construct a 330 MW nuclear power plant in Uzbekistan's Jizzakh Region, featuring six 55 MWe RITM-200N small modular reactors.{{Cite web |title=First SMRs for Export |url=https://rosatomnewsletter.com/2024/06/28/first-smrs-for-export/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |language=en-US |website=rosatomnewsletter.com |date= }}{{Cite web |date=2024-06-28 |title=Uzbekistan SMR plant construction preparations under way |url=https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Uzbekistan-SMR-plant-construction-site-preparation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241020154032/https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Uzbekistan-SMR-plant-construction-site-preparation |archive-date=2024-10-20 |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=World Nuclear News |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2024-09-17 |title=Uzatom and Rosatom launch work on SMR nuclear project in Uzbekistan {{!}} Enerdata |url=https://www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/uzatom-and-rosatom-launch-work-smr-nuclear-project-uzbekistan.html |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=www.enerdata.net |language=en}}
RITM-400
RITM-400 is a pressurised water reactor with a planned capacity of 80 MWe.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-03-14 |title=Rosatom ramps up RITM-200 reactor production |url=https://www.neimagazine.com/news/rosatom-ramps-up-ritm-200-reactor-production/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=Nuclear Engineering International |language=en-US}} The reactor is being developed by OKBM Afrikantov, a nuclear engineering company that is part of Rosatom.{{Cite web |title=Nornickel and Rosatom to look into nuclear power potential in Norilsk - News and releases |url=https://nornickel.com/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=Nornickel |language=en}}
According to the Nuclear Energy International, Nornickel and Rosatom are considering the possibility of setting up a SMR plant with a capacity of 320 MWe with four RITM-400 reactors.
In May 2025 the first RITM-400 was manufactured for a Project 10510 icebreaker.{{cite news |url=https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/first-ritm-400-reactor-unit-manufactured-for-new-generation-icebreaker |title=First RITM-400 reactor unit manufactured for new generation icebreaker |work=World Nuclear News |date=21 May 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025}}
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- {{Cite web |language=en |url=http://www.okbm.nnov.ru/upload/iblock/1d0/1d00b4a30402be5700de39c9bedd3e60.pdf |title=RITM-200M The reactor plant for optimized floating power unit |access-date=2020-10-05 |archive-date=2020-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001212319/http://www.okbm.nnov.ru/upload/iblock/1d0/1d00b4a30402be5700de39c9bedd3e60.pdf |url-status=dead }} - on OKBM Afrikantov official pdf {{in lang|en}}
- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2eW6HHvZEg Production of the reactor plant for the newest nuclear-powered icebreaker] - on AEM Official YouTube Channel {{in lang|en}}
{{Nuclear power in Russia}}
{{Nuclear fission reactors}}
Category:Small modular reactor