Chust, Uzbekistan
{{Other uses|Chust (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chust
| native_name = Chust/Чуст
| official_name = Chust
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
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| image_map = Chust tumani.png
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Uzbekistan
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uzbekistan
| coordinates = {{coord|40|59|52|N|71|14|25|E|region:UZ_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Uzbekistan}}
| subdivision_type1 = Region
| subdivision_name1 = Namangan Region
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = Chust District
| established_title = City status
| established_date = 1969
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| population_as_of = 2021
| population_total = 100200
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| timezone = UZT
| utc_offset = +5
| timezone_DST = not observed
| utc_offset_DST = +5
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 1100
| elevation_ft =
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| website = https://chust.uz/
| footnotes =
}}
Chust ({{langx|uz|Chust/Чуст}}; {{langx|ru|Чуст}}) is a city in eastern Uzbekistan. It is the administrative center of Chust District.{{cite web|url=https://stat.uz/uploads/docs/soato(mhobt)_2020.xlsx|title=Classification system of territorial units of the Republic of Uzbekistan|language=uz, ru|date=July 2020|publisher=The State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on statistics}} The City of Chust is located in the northern corner of the Fergana Valley along the river Chustsoy.
Chust is one of the oldest cities in the Fergana Valley. The Fergana automobile road passes through the city. This road connects Chust with several other places, such as the cities of Namangan, Andijan, Kokand and Fergana.
Chust underwent significant changes during the Soviet period. Many factories and institutions were built during that time. Currently, the city is an important center for cotton processing.
History
Chust is one of the oldest cities in the Fergana Valley. Archaeological studies conducted in 1953, 1957, 1959, and 1961 found items dating back to the late Bronze/early Iron age in the area corresponding to present-day Chust. First scientific information about Chust can be found in A. F. Middendor's Ocherki o Ferganskoy doline (Essays About the Fergana Valley) which was published in St. Petersburg in 1882.{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://n.ziyouz.com/books/uzbekiston_milliy_ensiklopediyasi/O'zbekiston%20Milliy%20Ensiklopediyasi%20-%20Ch%20harfi.pdf|title=Чуст|trans-title=Chust|encyclopedia=National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan|page=170|language=uz|year=2000–2005|location=Tashkent}} According to local linguists, the word "chust" is a Persian word meaning "fast."
In the Middle Ages, Chust became a fortress. Babur's father Umar Shaikh Mirza II made Chust his residence in 1480. In the 16th century, the city consisted of several small fortresses.{{cite encyclopedia|editor-first=Komiljon|editor-last=Zufarov|encyclopedia=Oʻzbek sovet ensiklopediyasi|title=Chust|trans-title=|language=Uzbek|year=1979|volume=12|location= Toshkent|pages=593–594}} Later, a wall surrounding these fortresses was built. In 1882, the walls of the fortress were destroyed and the city started to expand. Over time, Chust became an industrial center.
Following the Russian expansion into Central Asia, new factories were built in Chust. In 1912, there were six cotton mills and one leather factory in Chust. The town was made the administrative center of the newly created Chust District in 1926. Chust received a city status in 1969.{{cite encyclopedia | year = 1990 | title = Chust | encyclopedia = Ensiklopedik lugʻat | publisher = Oʻzbek sovet ensiklopediyasi | location = Toshkent | language = Uzbek | id = 5-89890-018-7 | page = 397 | volume = 2}}
Chust received city status in 1937.
Geography
Chust is located {{convert|1000|m}}-{{convert|1200|m}} above sea level. By road it is {{convert|41.3|km}} to the west of the city of Namangan.{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps?ll=40.997778,71.240278&q=40.997778,71.240278&hl=en&t=m&z=12|title=Chust|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=21 January 2015}} The city is situated in the northern corner of the Fergana Valley along the river Chustsoy.
Population
The population consists of Uzbeks, Tajiks, Russians and a small number of Kyrgyzs and Uyghurs. Like the near-by, Kosonsoy, the city has a substantial Tajik minority. Russians, who were present in large numbers in the 20th century have largely left after the fall of the Soviet Union. A small Uyghur as well as Kyrgyz minority is also present.
{{Historical populations
|type=China
|source={{cite web|title=Chust|url=http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/150705/%D0%A7%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82|publisher=Akademik|access-date=21 January 2015|language=Russian}}
|1897|13785
|1909|18555
|1974|31000
|2004|63800
|2016|69100
|}}
= Climate =
Chust has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk) with cold winters and hot summers. The average July temperature is around {{convert|27|°C}}. The mean temperature in January is {{convert|0|°C}}.
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Economy
Chust is a center for cotton processing. It is also known for artisanal products, including pocket knives and embroidered cotton skullcaps known as tubeteika ({{langx|uz|doʻppi}}). The city contains the National Knife Factory, in which metal workers "smash and grind their knives from short lengths of steel or iron, honing each blade into the desired shape with a meticulous attention to detail". Knives with a curved tip are a trademark of Chust craftsmen.{{cite book|last1=Lovell-Hoare|first1=Sophie|last2=Lovell-Hoare|first2=Max|title=Uzbekistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qF6PJda90gYC&pg=PA117|date=8 July 2013|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-461-7|page=117}}
Currently there are several
Education
There are colleges and vocational schools in Chust. They include:
- Chust College of Pedagogy
- Chust College of Medicine
- Chust College of Agriculture
- Chust College of Economy
- Chust College of Sport in Gova village
- Chust Academic Lyceum
The city is also home to general education schools (which include boarding schools), two music and art schools, six vocational schools, and three children's sports schools.
Notable people
File:Vladimir Putin at award ceremonies (2018-11-27) 15.jpg with Vladimir Putin.]]
- The Russian oligarch Alisher Usmanov, who now lives in Russia, was born in Chust in 1953, and was imprisoned in Uzbekistan for six years for fraud.{{cite web|title=Usmanov, Alisher|url=http://lenta.ru/lib/14164974/full.htm#99|work=Lenta|access-date=29 January 2014|language=Russian}} According to Forbes, he was in 2013 Russia's richest man with a fortune estimated at $17.6 billion and was the world's 34th richest person.{{cite web|title=Alisher Usmanov|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/alisher-usmanov/|work=Forbes|access-date=29 January 2014|date=March 2013}} But Usmanov's net worth fell by nearly a quarter from February 22 to March 15, 2022, as the West imposed sanctions following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/alisher-usmanov-sanctioned-russian-billionaire-140000236.html|title=Who is Alisher Usmanov, the sanctioned Russian billionaire said to be one of Putin's 'favorite oligarchs'?|website=news.yahoo.com|date=11 March 2022 }}
- Poet Muhammadsharif Soʻfizoda (1869—1937) was born in Chust.{{cite web |last1= |first1= |title=Muhammadsharif Soʻfizoda hayoti va ijodi|url=https://uzbek24.uz/post/64 |website=uzbek24.uz|language=Uzbek |access-date=November 19, 2023}}
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20111025020834/http://pr.uz/pro-dizayn/1173 A photo gallery of Chust]
{{Namangan Region}}
{{Authority control}}