City Creek Center

{{Short description|Shopping mall in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States}}

{{Infobox shopping mall

| name = City Creek Center

| image = City Creek Center, skybridge - Salt Lake City, Utah - 6 July 2024.jpg

| image_width = 250

| caption = The skybridge at City Creek Center, as it crosses over Main Street

| address = 50 South Main Street

| location = Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

| coordinates = {{coord|40|46|5|N|111|53|28|W|type:landmark_region:US-UT|display=inline,title}}

| opening_date = {{Start date and age|March 22, 2012}}

| developer = City Creek Reserve, Inc. & Property Reserve, Inc. (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints),
Taubman Centers, Inc.,
Harmons Grocery Stores,
Cowboy Partners LC,
Hamilton Partners

| architect = ZGF Architects, Callison, Hobbs+Black Architects, FFKR Architects, SWA Group

| owner = City Creek Reserve, Inc. & Property Reserve, Inc. (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints),
Taubman Centers, Inc.

| number_of_stores = 95+

| number_of_anchors = 2

| floor_area = {{convert|890000|sqft|m2}}

| parking = 5,000+ underground spaces

| floors = 2 (3 in Macy's, street level entrance in Nordstrom)

| publictransit = City Center Station
Blue and Green lines (TRAX)

| website = {{url|https://shopcitycreekcenter.com/}}

}}

City Creek Center (CCC), commonly shortened to City Creek, is a mixed-use development containing an upscale open-air shopping mall, grocery store, and office and residential buildings near Temple Square in downtown Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. Opened on March 22, 2012, the development encompasses over {{convert|23|acre}} across portions of three city blocks. The center's mall includes a foliage-lined walkway with a simulated stream, meant to recreate City Creek, an important water source for the early settlers of Salt Lake City.

CCC is an undertaking by City Creek Reserve, Inc. (CCRI) and Property Reserve, Inc. (PRI), both commercial real estate entities of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), and Taubman Centers, Inc. (TCI). PRI invested in the housing and parking elements of the mall, while TCI owns and operates the shopping center itself.{{cite news |author=Tad Walch| title=Church responds to allegations made by former employee in IRS complaint | date=December 17, 2019 | work=Deseret News | url=https://www.deseret.com/utah/2019/12/17/21026182/mormon-lds-church-washington-post-whistleblower-irs-complaint-taxes-ensign-peak |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218012018/https://www.deseret.com/utah/2019/12/17/21026182/mormon-lds-church-washington-post-whistleblower-irs-complaint-taxes-ensign-peak |archive-date=December 18, 2019 |accessdate=December 20, 2019}}{{cite web |url=http://www.taubman.com/taubman-properties/city-creek-center/ |title=City Creek Center |publisher=Taubman Centers, Inc. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225222648/http://www.taubman.com/taubman-properties/city-creek-center/ |archive-date=December 25, 2019 |accessdate=December 20, 2019}} This partial religious ownership leads to a unique situation among most malls–being closed on Sunday.

Design

The development features mixed-use residential, office, and {{convert|890000|ft|m|abbr=on}} of retail space.{{cite web |url=https://www.leasewithtaubman.com/city-creek-center |title=City Creek Center |date= |website=Lease With Taubman |publisher=The Taubman Realty Group |access-date=July 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521195839/https://www.leasewithtaubman.com/city-creek-center |archive-date=May 21, 2024}} The mall area features two outdoor plazas, called Regent Court on the east block and Richards Court on the west block. Connecting the two plazas is the main walkway with a recreated stream in the center and retail space on either side. Although it is enclosed in galleria style, the main walkway features an open-air design with an award-winning retractable roof.{{cite web |url=https://www.aisc.org/newsdetail.aspx?id=35390 |publisher=American Institute of Steel Construction |title=City Creek Center Retractable Roof Wins National Architecture and Engineering Award |date=September 4, 2013 |access-date=February 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220125939/https://www.aisc.org/newsdetail.aspx?id=35390 |archive-date=February 20, 2015 |url-status=dead}}

Incorporated into CCC are the façades of two historic former downtown buildings, the ZCMI Cast Iron Front and that of the Amussen Jewelry Building.{{cite news |last=Page |first=Jared |date=September 26, 2010 |title=Main Street mainstay starting to re-emerge |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700068677/Main-Street-mainstay-starting-to-re-emerge.html |work=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100929062646/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700068677/Main-Street-mainstay-starting-to-re-emerge.html |archive-date=September 29, 2010 |access-date=July 7, 2024}}{{cite news |last=Lee |first=Jasen |date=August 25, 2011 |title=ZCMI facade back on Main Street |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705389688/ZCMI-facade-back-on-Main-Street.html |work=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827014711/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705389688/ZCMI-facade-back-on-Main-Street.html |archive-date=August 27, 2011 |access-date=July 7, 2024}}

=Landscape architecture=

File:City Creek at City Creek Center, SLC, UT.JPG running through the mall]]

SWA Group, which provided landscape architecture and urban design services, organized the development along the city's street-grid to keep CCC integrated to the urban fabric.{{cite web |url=http://urbanland.uli.org/development-business/dividing-blocks-and-adding-vitality-to-salt-lake-city/ |title=Dividing Blocks and Adding Vitality to Salt Lake City |last=Macht |first=Will |date=March 13, 2014 |publisher=The Urban Land Institute |accessdate=March 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004073513/http://urbanland.uli.org/development-business/dividing-blocks-and-adding-vitality-to-salt-lake-city/ |archive-date=October 4, 2014}} They took inspiration from the area's original City Creek to create a {{convert|1200|ft|m|adj=on}} long waterway, complete with waterfalls and boulders (meant to mimic streams in the surrounding Wasatch Range), traversing the property in the center of the main walkway.{{cite web |url=http://www.durabilityanddesign.com/news/?fuseaction=view&id=7415 |title=More than a Prayer: Salt Lake's City Creek Inspires Lofty Expectations |date=March 23, 2012 |publisher=Durability+Design, Technology Publishing, Co. |accessdate=March 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327112624/http://www.durabilityanddesign.com/news/?fuseaction=view&id=7415 |archive-date=March 27, 2012}}{{cite news |last=Benson |first=Lee |date=March 30, 2012 |title=Now about that 'creek' running through City Creek... |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/765564345/Now-about-that-creek-running-through-City-Creek.html |work=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331203915/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/765564345/Now-about-that-creek-running-through-City-Creek.html |archive-date=March 31, 2012 |access-date=July 4, 2024}} Unlike a similar recreation in nearby City Creek Park, the water in the mall's stream is not daylighted from the now-piped City Creek, but instead uses recirculated tap water. Besides the recreated creek, other water features include several fountains in Richards Court plaza. These fountains include the "Engage/Touch" splash pad, the "Transcend" fountain with music, lights, and water jets, and the "Flutter" fountain which combines water and fire. The fountains were created by WET Design, which had also designed Salt Lake City's Olympic cauldron for the 2002 Winter Olympics.{{cite web |url=https://hobbs-black.squarespace.com/s/City_Creek_Shopping_Center_Case_Study.pdf |title=City Creek Center: The New Shopping Experience (Case Study) |last=Chubb |first=Wayne E. |date= |website=hobbs-black.com |publisher=Hobbs+Black Architects |access-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706174301/https://hobbs-black.squarespace.com/s/City_Creek_Shopping_Center_Case_Study.pdf |archive-date=July 6, 2024}}{{cite news |last=Horiuchi |first=Vince |date=March 19, 2012 |title=City Creek fountains share lineage with Bellagio attraction |url=http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/53710174-78/fountains-fountain-creek-center.html.csp |url-status=dead |work=The Salt Lake Tribune |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321101505/http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/53710174-78/fountains-fountain-creek-center.html.csp |archive-date=March 21, 2012 |access-date=July 6, 2024}}

Other elements of the landscape design support the overall concept of urban living, with pocket parks, roof gardens, and landscape connections throughout the project. The multi-level walkways and plazas feature {{convert|6|acre}} of green space. Several of the walkways were added where streets had once been, before they were obliterated by development as Salt Lake City grew. Most prominent was Richards Street, which was closed and built over in the late 1970s when Crossroads Plaza was constructed; the Richards Street walkway on the west block of CCC reconnected South Temple and 100 South street for pedestrians.{{cite news |last=Falk |first=Aaron |date=April 20, 2010 |title=Historic downtown Salt Lake streets to return as pedestrian walkways |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700026088/Historic-downtown-Salt-Lake-streets-to-return-as-pedestrian-walkways.html |work=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729171927/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700026088/Historic-downtown-Salt-Lake-streets-to-return-as-pedestrian-walkways.html |archive-date=July 29, 2010 |access-date=July 7, 2024}}

=Street crossings=

A skybridge connects the upper levels of the shopping center across Main Street. It weighs {{convert|320000|lb|kg}} and includes roof panels that can be opened, along with etched glass walls and interior benches. The skybridge is located directly above the TRAX light rail station and was constructed by Jacobsen Construction.{{cite web |url=http://www.jacobsenconstruction.com/portfolio/city-creek/city-creek-skybridge |publisher=Jacobsen construction |title=Portfolio: City Creek Skybridge |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225025639/http://www.jacobsenconstruction.com/portfolio/city-creek/city-creek-skybridge |archivedate=February 25, 2015}}

"The Link at City Creek" is a tunnel (predating CCC) which runs beneath State Street at the site of Salt Lake City's former Social Hall, linking the eastern-most (3rd) block with the rest of the development.{{cite web |url=http://www2.comre.com/flyers/mrichmond/95stateBrochure.pdf |title=Now Leasing 95 State at City Creek |author= |date=2020 |website=95stateslc.com |publisher=Cushman & Wakefield |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222014112/http://www2.comre.com/flyers/mrichmond/95stateBrochure.pdf |archive-date=February 22, 2021 |access-date=July 7, 2024}}

=Transportation and parking=

The development is served by the City Center Station of Utah Transit Authority's TRAX light rail system.

CCC has 5,000+ parking spaces that are located in large garages under the development. The parking is mixed use, serving monthly, daily and residential use.

Tenants

=Retail=

{{multiple image

| align = right

| direction = vertical

| width = 250

| header = Anchor stores

| image1 = ZCMI Façade - City Creek Center - Salt Lake City, Utah - 16 June 2024.jpg

| alt1 =

| caption1 = The historic ZCMI Cast Iron Front forms the façade of Macy's

| image2 = Downtown Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Nordstrom, West Temple Entrance facade at night (crop).jpg

| alt2 =

| caption2 = Nordstrom's West Temple entrance façade at night

}}

CCC is anchored by two national department stores: Nordstrom and Macy's. Nordstrom has a two-level, {{convert|125000|sqft|abbr=on}} store located on West Temple street, across from the Salt Palace Convention Center and Macy's occupies a three-level store of {{convert|155000|sqft|abbr=on}}, located on the block east of Main Street. There is approximately {{convert|300000|sqft|abbr=on}} of additional retail space for specialty stores.{{cite web |url=https://shopcitycreekcenter.com/media |publisher=The Taubman Realty Group LLC |title=City Creek Center: Media |access-date=July 6, 2024}} A Harmons grocery store is located on the eastern-most (3rd) block, at the corner of 100 South and 200 East streets.{{cite news |last1=Oberbeck |first1=Steven |last2=House |first2=Dawn |date=February 15, 2012 |title=Harmons downtown Salt Lake location makes debut |url=http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/money/53519564-79/store-downtown-creek-development.html.csp |work=The Salt Lake Tribune |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218003031/http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/money/53519564-79/store-downtown-creek-development.html.csp |archive-date=February 18, 2012 |access-date=July 6, 2024}}

Among the first tenants of the mall were: The Disney Store, Tiffany & Co., H&M, Porsche Design, The Cheesecake Factory, and the flagship store of Deseret Book.{{cite news |author= |date=March 22, 2012 |title=As City Creek Center opens, here's what you need to know |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/765561707/As-City-Creek-Center-opens-heres-what-you-need-to-know.html |url-status=dead |work=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327144101/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/765561707/As-City-Creek-Center-opens-heres-what-you-need-to-know.html |archive-date=March 27, 2012 |access-date=July 6, 2024}}{{cite web |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/media/pdf/808740.pdf |url-status=dead |title=A closer look at City Creek Center |last=Ferrin |first=Josh |date=2012 |publisher=Deseret News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417050355/http://www.deseretnews.com/media/pdf/808740.pdf |archive-date=April 17, 2012 |access-date=July 6, 2024}} As of 2024, a number of early tenants have left the mall, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among those stores that have closed include: The Disney Store,{{cite news |last=Rollins |first=Jenny |date=August 24, 2021 |title=Disney Stores across the country are closing, including at City Creek |url=https://www.ksl.com/article/50228418/disney-stores-across-the-country-are-closing-including-at-city-creek |work=KSL-TV |location=Salt Lake City |access-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825030708/https://www.ksl.com/article/50228418/disney-stores-across-the-country-are-closing-including-at-city-creek |archive-date=August 25, 2021}} Forever 21,{{cite news |last=Bennett |first=Lauren |date=October 3, 2019 |title=3 Forever 21 stores in Utah set to close, including City Creek |url=https://www.ksl.com/article/46649836/3-forever-21-stores-in-utah-set-to-close-including-city-creek |work=KSL-TV |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004024229/https://www.ksl.com/article/46649836/3-forever-21-stores-in-utah-set-to-close-including-city-creek |archive-date=October 4, 2019 |access-date=July 6, 2024}} The GYM, and Microsoft Store.

The food court is located near the northeast corner, in the lower level between KeyBank Tower and adjoining World Trade Center. Several eateries are located there, including Bocata, Chick-fil-A, McDonald's, Red Iguana, Sbarro.

=Office=

The Kirton McConkie Building, which houses the Kirton McConkie law firm, was the sole office building constructed in the initial phase of CCC.{{cite news |last=Page |first=Jared |date=April 12, 2012 |title=Elder Dallin H. Oaks dedicates new home of Utah's largest law firm |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865553960/Elder-Dallin-H-Oaks-dedicates-new-home-of-Utahs-largest-law-firm.html |url-status=dead |work=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416221712/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865553960/Elder-Dallin-H-Oaks-dedicates-new-home-of-Utahs-largest-law-firm.html |archive-date=April 16, 2012 |access-date=July 6, 2024}} Two office towers have been built since CCC's opening, these are: 111 Main at City Creek{{cite news |author= |date=September 22, 2016 |title=Photos: Newest addition to S.L.'s skyline opens for business |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865663078/Photos-Newest-addition-to-SLs-skyline-opens-for-business.html |url-status=dead |work=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923180651/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865663078/Photos-Newest-addition-to-SLs-skyline-opens-for-business.html |archive-date=September 23, 2016 |access-date=July 6, 2024}} and 95 State at City Creek.{{cite press release |author= |title=Church Opens New Meetinghouse and Office Tower in Downtown Salt Lake City |url=https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/church-opens-new-meetinghouse-office-tower-salt-lake-city |location=Salt Lake City |publisher=The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints |date=April 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408174043/https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/church-opens-new-meetinghouse-office-tower-salt-lake-city |archive-date=April 8, 2022 |access-date=July 6, 2024}}

Several existing office buildings were incorporated into the development, these are:

First Security Bank Building
Gateway Tower West at City Creek
KeyBank Tower at City Creek (formerly the Beneficial Life Tower)
World Trade Center at City Creek (formerly the Eagle Gate Plaza & Tower){{cite news |author= |date=May 29, 2012 |title=Eagle Gate Tower renamed World Trade Center at City Creek |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865556581/Eagle-Gate-Tower-renamed-World-Trade-Center-at-City-Creek.html |url-status=dead |work=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601092225/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865556581/Eagle-Gate-Tower-renamed-World-Trade-Center-at-City-Creek.html |archive-date=June 1, 2012 |access-date=July 6, 2024}}
57 West South Temple{{efn|This eight-story office building had originally opened in April 1957, as an annex to the Beneficial Life Building at the corner of Richards Street and South Temple street.{{cite news |author= |date=April 3, 1957 |title=Beneficial Life's Annex Complete |url=https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6f81mtw/27656999 |work=The Salt Lake Tribune |location=Salt Lake City |page=26 |access-date=July 7, 2024}}{{cite news |author= |date=April 3, 1957 |title=Beneficial Building Set |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IEAwAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA27 |work=Deseret News and Telegram |location=Salt Lake City |at=The new Beneficial Life Building section, page 2 |access-date=July 7, 2024}} While the Beneficial Life Building was demolished during construction of Crossroads Plaza, the annex structure remained. The headquarters of Deseret Book Company was moved into this structure as part of the development of CCC,{{cite news |last=Nii |first=Jenifer K. |date=November 10, 2006 |title=Deseret Book makes plans to relocate |url=http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,650205811,00.html |url-status=dead |work=Deseret Morning News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070107081413/http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,650205811,00.html |archive-date=January 7, 2007 |access-date=July 7, 2024}} while the street-level was home to Utah Woolen Mills. This building was damaged in the 2020 Salt Lake City earthquake and is expected to be demolished sometime in 2024 or soon after.{{cite news |last=Williams |first=Carter |date=April 13, 2024 |title=Salt Lake business to relocate to Murray after 119 years; building to be torn down |url=https://www.ksl.com/article/50974159/salt-lake-business-to-relocate-to-murray-after-119-years-building-to-be-torn-down |work=KSL-TV |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414145004/https://www.ksl.com/article/50974159/salt-lake-business-to-relocate-to-murray-after-119-years-building-to-be-torn-down |archive-date=April 14, 2024 |access-date=July 7, 2024}}}}

=Residential=

File:City Creek Center - Richards Street south entrance - 12 September 2012.JPG condos in the background]]

There are approximately 700 housing units, consisting of condos and apartments, in CCC. The condos are located in one of four towers and the City Creek Landing apartments are located on levels above the west block retail shops.{{cite web|url=http://gbdmagazine.com/2012/city-creek-center/ |title=Urban Infill: City Creek Center |last=van Loon |first=Benjamin |publisher=Green Building & Design |date=2012 |website=gbdmagazine.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219002308/http://gbdmagazine.com/2012/city-creek-center/ |archive-date=February 19, 2015}}

The condo towers are:

99 West on South Temple, a 30-story tower
Richards Court, consists of two 10-story towers
The Regent, a 20-story tower
The foundation and first three floors of the 19-story Cascade tower were built as part of the original construction. Plans call for completion of the tower when market conditions are right.{{Cite web |url=http://www.utahprojects.info/Project/Details/123/The-Cascade |title=The Cascade {{!}} Utah Projects |website=www.utahprojects.info |language=en |access-date=February 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211083312/http://www.utahprojects.info/Project/Details/123/The-Cascade |archive-date=February 11, 2017 |url-status=dead}}

=Hotels=

The Salt Lake Marriott Downtown at City Creek is the only hotel located on the CCC blocks.{{efn|Not officially part of the mall or owned by the same consortium.}} The hotel predates the development, having been opened on October 15, 1981 by Marriott International. Originally connected to Crossroads Plaza mall, the hotel underwent a renovation and renaming when the block was redeveloped.{{cite press release |author= |date=February 14, 2012 |title=Salt Lake City Marriott Downtown Renamed |url=http://www.utahbusiness.com/articles/view/salt_lake_city_marriott_downtown_renamed |location=Salt Lake City |publisher=Utah Business |access-date=July 6, 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220203527/http://www.utahbusiness.com/articles/view/salt_lake_city_marriott_downtown_renamed |archivedate=February 20, 2015}}

History

=Development=

The LDS Church, via its various business interests, has long owned property adjacent to its headquarters campus and Temple Square. In 1975, the church had opened ZCMI Center Mall and in 2003, it acquired the neighboring Crossroads Plaza mall.{{cite news |author= |date=16 September 2003 |title=Church closes deal on Crossroads |url=https://www.deseret.com/2003/9/16/19784534/church-closes-deal-on-crossroads/ |work=Deseret Morning News |location=Salt Lake City |access-date=July 4, 2024}} By the early 2000s, these two malls (sometimes called the "Downtown Malls" or “Main Street Malls") were ageing and struggling with vacancies. In November 2001, a new open-air mall, called The Gateway, had opened in the downtown area.{{cite news |last=Mitchell |first=Lesley |date=November 1, 2001 |title=The Gateway Opens for Business |url=https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6ng9zkv/27850867 |work=The Salt Lake Tribune |location=Salt Lake City |page=D5 |access-date=July 4, 2024}} Located only four blocks west of Crossroads Plaza and ZCMI Center, The Gateway drew business away from Main Street and its malls.{{cite news |last=Nii |first=Jenifer K. |date=August 4, 2002 |title=Gateway is poised for next phase |url=http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,595081745,00.html |work=Deseret Morning News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040817015006/http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,595081745,00.html |archive-date=August 17, 2004 |access-date=July 4, 2024 |quote=Critics say The Gateway has contributed to Main Street's demise by poaching retail and office tenants and drawing shoppers away.}}

In October 2003, soon after completing the purchase of Crossroads Plaza, the church presented preliminary plans to significantly remodel that mall and the neighboring ZCMI Center.{{cite news |last=Nii |first=Jenifer K. |date=October 8, 2003 |title=Church unveils plans for 2 malls |url=https://www.deseret.com/2003/10/8/19788964/church-unveils-plans-for-2-malls/ |work=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |access-date=July 4, 2024}}{{cite news |last=Gurchiek |first=Kathy |date=October 9, 2003 |title=Downtown Vision |url=https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6z94mdn/27908963 |work=The Salt Lake Tribune |location=Salt Lake City |pages=A1, A22 |access-date=July 4, 2024}} Three years later, on October 3, 2006, the church announced more detailed plans regarding the development. These new plans would no longer preserve and remodel the two different downtown malls, but rather, would demolish them and build a single mall, known as City Creek Center. TCI had been brought in early during the development process to serve as a consultant to PRI during the planning and to manage retail leasing.{{cite press release |author= |title=Downtown Redevelopment Plans Announced |url=http://www.lds.org/newsroom/showrelease/0,15503,3881-1-24116,00.html |location=Salt Lake City |publisher=The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints |date=October 3, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018132000/http://www.lds.org/newsroom/showrelease/0,15503,3881-1-24116,00.html |archive-date=October 18, 2006 |access-date=July 4, 2023}}{{cite news |last=Smeath |first=Doug |date=October 4, 2006 |title=Downtown rebound: LDS Church unveils plans for 20-acre development |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/dn/view/0%2C1249%2C650196045%2C00.html |work=Deseret Morning News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061007202445/http://www.deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,650196045,00.html |archive-date=October 7, 2006 |access-date=July 4, 2024}} One of the church's motives for the project was to protect Temple Square from urban decay.{{cite news |last=Jensen |first=Derek P. |date=March 26, 2011 |title=LDS Church hoping hefty investment will shield its temples |url=http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/home/51497060-76/church-downtown-ogden-lake.html.csp |work=The Salt Lake Tribune |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110407002516/http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/home/51497060-76/church-downtown-ogden-lake.html.csp |archive-date=April 7, 2011 |access-date=July 4, 2024}}

=Demolition and construction=

File:City Creek Center construction SLC.jpg

Demolition of the old malls and other structures commenced in November 2006, beginning with the Inn at Temple Square.{{cite news |last=Smeath |first=Doug |date=December 19, 2006 |title=Little room at the Inn |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/650216139/Little-room-at-the-Inn.html |work=Deseret Morning News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070107054537/http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0%2C1249%2C650216139%2C00.html |archive-date=January 7, 2007 |url-status=live |access-date=July 7, 2024}}{{cite news |last=Smeath |first=Doug |date=November 7, 2006 |title='City Creek' OK'd — LDS Church gets permits for 5-year project |url=https://www.deseret.com/2006/11/7/19984275/city-creek-ok-d-151-lds-church-gets-permits-for-5-year-project/ |work=Deseret Morning News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707230715/https://www.deseret.com/2006/11/7/19984275/city-creek-ok-d-151-lds-church-gets-permits-for-5-year-project/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |access-date=July 7, 2024}} The destruction proceeded across the site from west to east, with several businesses remaining open until a short time before their scheduled demolition. In January 2007, Crossroad Plaza's parking structure was torn down{{cite news |author= |date=February 9, 2007 |title=Thar she goes! |url=https://www.deseretnews.com/article/660193940/thar-she-goes.html |work=Deseret Morning News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925161521/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/660193940/thar-she-goes.html |archive-date=September 25, 2018 |access-date=July 7, 2024}} and in August of that year, the mall's Key Bank Tower was demolished via implosion. It was the last piece of Crossroads Plaza to be razed.{{cite news |last=Smeath |first=Doug |date=August 18, 2007 |title=Key Bank tower comes down |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,695202066,00.html |work=Deseret Morning News |location=Salt Lake City |access-date=July 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820151231/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,695202066,00.html |archive-date=August 20, 2007}} Demolition of the ZCMI Center block began in summer 2007.{{cite news |author= |date=July 28, 2007 |title=Demolition Begins on ZCMI Center |url=https://www.ksl.com/article/1551359/demolition-begins-on-zcmi-center |work=KSL-TV |location=Salt Lake City |access-date=July 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707213251/https://www.ksl.com/article/1551359/demolition-begins-on-zcmi-center |archive-date=July 7, 2024}}

Preliminary approval from the city's planning commission allowed subsurface work to begin in early 2008,{{cite news |last=Page |first=Jared |date=January 10, 2008 |title=City Creek Center can start rising, below ground |url=https://deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,695242891,00.html |work=Deseret Morning News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720040142/http://deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,695242891,00.html |archive-date=July 20, 2008 |url-status=live |access-date=July 7, 2024}} and the first concrete pour for a building occurred in March 2008, on what would become 99 West.{{cite news |last=Page |first=Jared |date=March 15, 2008 |title=City Creek concrete pour called a Salt Lake 'milestone' |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,695261838,00.html |work=Deseret Morning News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626185112/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,695261838,00.html |archive-date=June 26, 2008 |access-date=July 7, 2024}} The steel framework for the skybridge was placed in an overnight operation on March 21, 2010.{{cite news |author= |date=March 21, 2010 |title=Gallery: Workers install skybridge over Main Steet at City Creek |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700018380/Gallery-Workers-install-skybridge-over-Main-Steet-at-City-Creek.html |work=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100718203623/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700018380/Gallery-Workers-install-skybridge-over-Main-Steet-at-City-Creek.html |archive-date=July 18, 2010 |access-date=July 7, 2024}} Construction on the Harmons grocery store started in July 2010.{{cite news |last=Raymond |first=Arthur |date=July 8, 2010 |title=Construction begins on downtown Salt Lake City Harmons grocery store at City Creek |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700046502/Construction-begins-on-downtown-Salt-Lake-City-Harmons-grocery-store-at-City-Creek.html |work=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100805210332/http://www.deseretnews.com:80/article/700046502/Construction-begins-on-downtown-Salt-Lake-City-Harmons-grocery-store-at-City-Creek.html |archive-date=August 5, 2010 |access-date=July 7, 2024}} A topping out ceremony, as the last steel beam was bolted into place for the center, was held in July 2010.{{cite news |author= |date=July 24, 2010 |title=Photos: 'Topping off' and dining out |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700050609/Photos-Topping-off-and-dining-out.html |url-status=dead |work=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729152437/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700050609/Photos-Topping-off-and-dining-out.html |archive-date=July 29, 2010 |access-date=July 7, 2024}}

=Plan adjustments=

As plans solidified and public comments were made, there were adjustments made to the original proposals. Initial plans called for the demolition of the late-1910s First Security Bank Building. After public outcry over the planned demolition of the historic building, the church agreed to save the structure.{{cite news |last=Leonard |first=Wendy |date=December 8, 2006 |title=First Security building is saved: LDS Church will keep it in City Creek project |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,650213482,00.html |url-status=dead |work=Deseret Morning News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106215318/http://www.deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,650213482,00.html |archive-date=January 6, 2007 |access-date=July 7, 2024}} Originally, a third anchor, Dillard's, was also planned for the mall. After public concern about the alignment of the restored Regent Street area, the street plan was modified, which then left insufficient space for Dillard's and the store was cancelled. This resulted in more space for other, smaller stores and the addition of another residential tower, which would become The Regent.{{cite news |last=Page |first=Jared |date=November 30, 2007 |title=City Creek Center won't have Dillard's |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,695231994,00.html |url-status=dead |work=Deseret Morning News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071202103147/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,695231994,00.html |archive-date=December 2, 2007 |access-date=July 7, 2024}} What became the Kirton McConkie Building was known as Tower 4 during development and it was originally planned to be a residential structure, but after construction started, developers felt it better to change the building's use to commercial.

File:Kirton McConkie Building.jpg

=Opening=

As construction progressed, some areas of the development opened prior to the 2012 grand opening. The food court opened on June 10, 2009.{{cite news |last=Bruce |first=Becky |date=June 10, 2009 |title=City Creek food court reopens |url=https://www.ksl.com/article/6774498/city-creek-food-court-reopens |work=KSL-TV |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707231633/https://www.ksl.com/article/6774498/city-creek-food-court-reopens |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |access-date=July 7, 2024}} Deseret Book's flagship store opened on March 25, 2010.{{cite news |author= |date=March 25, 2020 |title=Deseret Book flagship store opens to media, VIPs |url=https://www.ksl.com/article/10147170/deseret-book-flagship-store-opens-to-media-vips |work=KSL-TV |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707233921/https://www.ksl.com/article/10147170/deseret-book-flagship-store-opens-to-media-vips |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |access-date=July 7, 2024}} The first of the underground public parking garages opened in June 2011.{{cite news |last=Page |first=Jared |date=June 19, 2011 |title=City Creek Center opens underground parking garage |url=https://www.deseretnews.com/article/705374631/City-Creek-Center-opens-underground-parking-garage.html |url-status=live |work=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110620160606/http://www.deseretnews.com:80/article/705374631/City-Creek-Center-opens-underground-parking-garage.html |archive-date=June 20, 2011 |access-date=July 7, 2024}} Residents began moving into the Richards Court buildings in April 2010, while the other condos were finished the following year.{{cite news |last=Lee |first=Jasen |date=February 12, 2011 |title=City Creek condos go on sale Monday |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705366487/City-Creek-condos-go-on-sale-Monday.html |url-status=dead |work=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110214113115/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705366487/City-Creek-condos-go-on-sale-Monday.html |archive-date=February 14, 2011 |access-date=July 7, 2024}} Harmons grocery opened in February 2012.{{cite news |last=Fidel |first=Steve |date=February 15, 2012 |title=Harmons grocery store opens in City Creek |url=https://www.ksl.com/article/19238771/harmons-grocery-store-opens-in-city-creek |work=KSL-TV |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708011445/https://www.ksl.com/article/19238771/harmons-grocery-store-opens-in-city-creek |archive-date=July 8, 2024 |access-date=July 7, 2024}}

City Creek Center officially opened with a ribbon-cutting ceremony on March 22, 2012.{{cite press release |author= |title=City Creek Center Opens |url=http://www.mormonnewsroom.org/article/city-creek-center-an-economic-revitalization |location=Salt Lake City |publisher=The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints |date=March 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326162650/http://www.mormonnewsroom.org/article/city-creek-center-an-economic-revitalization |archive-date=March 26, 2012 |access-date=July 4, 2024}}{{cite news |last=Lee |first=Jasen |date=March 22, 2012 |title=City Creek Center opens amid fanfare and long lines |url=http://www.ksl.com/?nid=960&sid=19685852 |work=KSL-TV |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324122501/http://www.ksl.com/?nid=960&sid=19685852 |archive-date=March 24, 2012 |access-date=July 4, 2024}}

At the time of the development's opening, nearly $5 billion had gone into revitalization projects across downtown Salt Lake City;{{cite news |author=Carole Mikita |title=A look inside as City Creek Center's completion nears |date=March 1, 2012 |work=KSL-TV |url=http://www.ksl.com/?nid=148&sid=19428181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303213236/http://www.ksl.com/?nid=148&sid=19428181 |archive-date=March 3, 2012 |accessdate=June 9, 2015}} CCC itself has been estimated to have cost between $1.5 and $2 billion,{{cite news |author=Jasen Lee |title=$1.5B City Creek Center on schedule for March 22 opening |date=January 27, 2012 |work=Deseret News |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705398244/15B-City-Creek-Center-on-schedule-for-March-22-opening.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129231940/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705398244/15B-City-Creek-Center-on-schedule-for-March-22-opening.html |archive-date=January 29, 2012 |accessdate=June 9, 2015}}{{cite news |last=Foy |first=Paul |date=June 19, 2013 |title=City Creek Center made $200M in first 9 months |url=http://www.ksl.com/article/25666698 |work=KSL-TV |agency=Associated Press |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111225143/http://www.ksl.com/article/25666698 |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=July 13, 2024}} $76 million of which was provided by TCI.{{cite news |last=Dark |first=Stephen |date=March 21, 2012 |title=City Creek Center: Three for the Money |url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-35-15640-three-for-the-money.html |work=Salt Lake City Weekly |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323000838/http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-35-15640-three-for-the-money.html |archive-date=March 23, 2012 |access-date=July 4, 2024}}

=Continued operations=

In 2020, the mall was closed from March 12 until May 6, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.{{cite news |last=Dunphey |first=Kyle |date=May 6, 2020 |title=Shoppers return to City Creek mall for the first time since March |url=https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/5/6/21249412/city-creek-mall-open-salt-lake-city-coronavirus-bohme-zumiez-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic/ |work=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513213846/https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/5/6/21249412/city-creek-mall-open-salt-lake-city-coronavirus-bohme-zumiez-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic |archive-date=May 13, 2020 |access-date=July 7, 2024}} A few weeks after reopening, during George Floyd protests in downtown Salt Lake City, windows were smashed at CCC and looters entered the mall, after which the Utah Army National Guard was called in to guard the center.{{cite news |last=Klekas |first=Mark |date=May 30, 2020 |title=Downtown SLC protest turns violent: National Guard called, Mayor issues curfew |url=https://kjzz.com/news/local/hundreds-gather-downtown-salt-lake-city-to-protest-against-nationwide-police-brutality |work=KUTV/KJZZ |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617125239/https://kjzz.com/news/local/hundreds-gather-downtown-salt-lake-city-to-protest-against-nationwide-police-brutality |archive-date=June 17, 2020 |access-date=July 7, 2024}}{{cite news |last=Wing |first=Chuck |date=December 28, 2020 |title=A summer of protests, in photos |url=https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/12/28/22179486/salt-lake-utah-protests-pictures-unrest-george-floyd-mike-brown-slcpd-deseret-news-photographers/ |work=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605194119/https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/12/28/22179486/salt-lake-utah-protests-pictures-unrest-george-floyd-mike-brown-slcpd-deseret-news-photographers/ |archive-date=June 5, 2024 |access-date=July 7, 2024}}

Public sentiment

File:View of City Creek Center and the Salt Lake Temple.jpg from City Creek Center]]

A number of critics opposed the skybridge, which was built to funnel shoppers across Main Street and through the development. The critics included merchants from nearby parts of the city, who expressed concern that the skybridge would divert traffic from street-level stores adjacent to the development. They stated a similar result had occurred thirty years prior, after the construction of ZCMI Center and Crossroads Plaza, during which longtime businesses such as Auerbach's and The Paris Company collapsed.{{cite web |url=http://www.utahstories.com/skybridge_1.htm |title=Skybridge is Causing a Divide |author= |date=February 14, 2008 |website=utahstories.com |publisher=Utah Stories/Markosian Media |access-date=July 6, 2024 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080310204230/http://www.utahstories.com/skybridge_1.htm |archive-date= March 10, 2008}}

Some observers felt CCC was an inappropriate project for the LDS Church. They argued that the high investment in consumerism and promoting conspicuous consumption neglected religious principles, and instead suggested that funds would be better spent on community resources, welfare services, or humanitarian outreach.{{cite news |last=Kelly |first=Caitlin |date=July 9, 2013 |title=Mormon-Backed Mall Breathes Life into Salt Lake City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/10/realestate/commercial/mormon-backed-mall-breathes-life-into-salt-lake-city.html |url-access=subscription |work=The New York Times |location=New York City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710113736/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/10/realestate/commercial/mormon-backed-mall-breathes-life-into-salt-lake-city.html |archive-date=July 10, 2013 |access-date=June 9, 2015}}{{cite news |last=Riess |first=Jana |date=April 2, 2012 |title=The LDS Church, the Prophet Amos, and the City Creek Mall |url=http://www.religionnews.com/blogs/jana-riess/the-lds-church-the-prophet-amos-and-the-city-creek-mall |url-status=dead |work=Flunking Sainthood blog |publisher=Religion News Service |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405011804/http://www.religionnews.com/blogs/jana-riess/the-lds-church-the-prophet-amos-and-the-city-creek-mall |archive-date=April 5, 2012 |access-date=June 9, 2015}} Others disagreed, saying the development brought jobs and beauty to the downtown, and the church had a duty to uplift properties near Temple Square and invest its private, commercial revenues.{{cite web |last=Oman |first=Nate |authorlink=Nate Oman |title=City Creek and the Choices of Thrift | date=April 2, 2012 |work=Times and Seasons |url=http://timesandseasons.org/index.php/2012/04/city-creek-and-the-choices-of-thrift/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501071814/http://timesandseasons.org/index.php/2012/04/city-creek-and-the-choices-of-thrift/ |archive-date=May 1, 2012 |accessdate=June 9, 2015}} The church has stated that no tithing money was used for construction of CCC, with the project financed through the church's commercial real-estate arm, PRI.{{cite news |author= |date=October 3, 2006 |title=Salt Lake City Rising: City Creek Center Announced |url=http://kutv.com/topstories/local_story_276193839.html |url-status=dead |work=KUTV |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004154224/http://kutv.com/topstories/local_story_276193839.html |archive-date=October 4, 2006 |access-date=May 5, 2007}}{{cite news |last=Smeath |first=Doug |date=March 27, 2007 |title=Downtown renovation project |url=http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,660205772,00.html |url-status=dead |work=Deseret Morning News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526035105/https://www.deseret.com/2007/3/27/20009045/downtown-renovation-project/ |archive-date=May 26, 2024 |access-date=May 5, 2007}} In 2019, a whistleblower from Ensign Peak Advisors, the church's investment firm, disputed this, alleging that the church had secretly transferred $1.4 Billion from funds set aside for charitable causes to the development during the financial crisis of 2009.{{cite news |last1=Swaine |first1=Jon |last2=MacMillan |first2=Douglas |last3=Boorstein |first3=Michelle |date=December 17, 2019 |title=Mormon Church has misled members on $100 billion tax-exempt investment fund, whistleblower alleges |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/mormon-church-has-misled-members-on-100-billion-tax-exempt-investment-fund-whistleblower-alleges/2019/12/16/e3619bd2-2004-11ea-86f3-3b5019d451db_story.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217035008/https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/mormon-church-has-misled-members-on-100-billion-tax-exempt-investment-fund-whistleblower-alleges/2019/12/16/e3619bd2-2004-11ea-86f3-3b5019d451db_story.html |archive-date=December 17, 2019}}

In 2008, the Sierra Club issued a report of environmentally responsible actions taken by communities of faith in each state. It cited the LDS Church's development of CCC as one of the 60 pilot projects selected to finalize the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design – Neighborhood Development (LEED-ND) certification process.{{cite web |url=https://www.slideshare.net/Z2P/t2v44 |title=Faith in Action: Communities of Faith Bring Hope for the Planet}}{{cite news |last=Page |first=Jared |date=June 20, 2008 |title=Sierra Club hails LDS Church for downtown Salt Lake makeover |url=http://deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,700236376,00.html |url-status=dead |work=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080701102822/http://deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,700236376,00.html |archive-date=July 1, 2008 |access-date=July 6, 2024}}

Notes

References

External links

{{official|https://shopcitycreekcenter.com/}}
[https://www.leasewithtaubman.com/city-creek-center Taubman leasing]
[https://www.macys.com/stores/ut/saltlakecity/city-creek-center_449.html Macy's City Creek Center]
[https://www.nordstrom.com/store-details/united-states/ut/salt-lake-city/nordstrom-city-creek-center Nordstrom City Creek Center]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20061021235007/http://www.downtownrising.com/city_creek/index.php Downtown Rising: City Creek Center], archived construction website

Category:2012 establishments in Utah

Category:Buildings and structures in Salt Lake City

Category:Deseret Management Corporation

Category:Mixed-use developments in Utah

Category:Properties of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Category:Taubman Centers

Category:Shopping malls in Utah

Category:Tourist attractions in Salt Lake City