City of Capitals

{{Infobox building

| name = City of Capitals

| native_name = Город Столиц

| native_name_lang = ru

| image = File:City of Capitals 2019.jpg

| image_size = 200px

| location = Moscow International Business Center, Moscow

| location_country = Russia

| coordinates = {{coord|55|44|50|N|37|32|20|E|region:RU-MOW|display=inline,title}}

| alternate_names = Capital City

| status = Complete

| start_date = 18 August 2005

| completion_date = 5 March 2010

| building_type = Mixed-use

| architectural_style = Deconstructivism

| architectural = Moscow: {{convert|301.6|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}
St. Petersburg: {{convert|256.9|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}

| top_floor = Moscow: {{convert|300.8|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}
St. Petersburg: {{convert|250.1|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}

| antenna_spire = Moscow: {{convert|309.8|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}
St. Petersburg: {{convert|257.2|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}

| floor_count = Moscow: 76
St. Petersburg: 65

| elevator_count = 8

| cost = RUB73.641 billion
US$1 billion

| floor_area = {{convert|288680|m2|abbr=on}}

| architect = NBBJ

| structural_engineer = Arup

| main_contractor = Ant Yapi Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

| developer = Capital Group

| owner = Capital Group

| references = {{ctbuh|599|Capital City Moscow Tower}}{{ctbuh|1053|Capital City St. Petersburg Tower}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.emporis.com/complex/108216 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116183040/https://www.emporis.com/complex/108216 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=16 January 2015 |title=Emporis building complex ID 108216 |work=Emporis}}{{skyscraperpage|24262|City of Capitals: Moscow}}{{skyscraperpage|25546|City of Capitals: St. Petersburg}}

|website = {{URL|https://www.antyapi.com.tr/en/projeler/capital-city/}}

}}

The City of Capitals ({{lang-rus|Город Столиц|r=Gorod Stolits}}) is a mixed-use complex composed of two skyscrapers and an office building located on plot 9 in the Moscow International Business Center in Moscow, Russia with a total area of {{convert|288,680|m2|ft2}}. The two skyscrapers are named after the two historical capitals of Russia: Moscow and Saint Petersburg. Construction of the complex began in 2005, with the office building completed in 2008 and the two skyscrapers completed in 2009.[http://www.capitalcity.ru/en/capital_city/architecture/ Official site] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301152123/http://www.capitalcity.ru/en/capital_city/architecture/|date=1 March 2010}}

Moscow Tower is the taller of the two skyscrapers, with a height of {{convert|301.6|m|ft}} and 73 stories, surpassing the Naberezhnaya Tower as the tallest building in Russia and Europe in 2008, until it was surpassed by The Shard in London, United Kingdom in 2012. St. Petersburg Tower has a height of {{convert|256.9|m|ft}} and 65 stories while the office building serves as a stylobate with a height of {{convert|76|m|ft}} with 18 floors.{{Cite web|url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/200466/capital-city-moscow-tower-moscow-russia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219044735/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/200466/capital-city-moscow-tower-moscow-russia|url-status=usurped|archive-date=19 February 2015|title=Capital City Moscow Tower, Moscow {{!}} 200466 {{!}} EMPORIS|last=GmbH|first=Emporis|website=Emporis|access-date=15 April 2018}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/200467/capital-city-st-petersburg-tower-moscow-russia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018182353/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/200467/capital-city-st-petersburg-tower-moscow-russia|url-status=usurped|archive-date=18 October 2015|title=Capital City St. Petersburg Tower, Moscow {{!}} 200467 {{!}} EMPORIS|last=GmbH|first=Emporis|website=Emporis|access-date=19 April 2018}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/253452/capital-city-north-office-block-moscow-russia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513042953/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/253452/capital-city-north-office-block-moscow-russia|url-status=usurped|archive-date=13 May 2015|title=Capital City North Office Block, Moscow {{!}} 253452 {{!}} EMPORIS|last=GmbH|first=Emporis|website=Emporis|access-date=19 April 2018}}[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/2512d0c2-c776-11e1-a850-00144feab49a.html#axzz207vxsXEN 'The sky's the limit' (Editorial)]. Financial Times (London). 6 July 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2012. {{registration required}} As of 2022, Moscow Tower is the eighth-tallest building in Russia and the 21st-tallest residential building in the world.

History

Construction of the complex was first proposed in 2003. Due to the Capital City complex needed to be built in a quick schedule, a design team was gathered from a span of 11 time zones from Seattle to Moscow. An obstacle for planning of the skyscraper was the absence of applicable local building codes since the current codes dated back to 1950 did not apply for tall buildings. As a result, codes of the complex were modeled off after British standards, which established high standards for fire safety, such as 4-hour structural fire resistance and the use of 30-minute fire-rated glass. According to the schedule, NBBJ and the Arup Group are to focus on completing the structural design while the architectural design is being worked on. After this is completed, the design team worked with the Moscow government to fulfill the building codes for the complex.{{Cite web|url=http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/capital-city-moscow-tower/599|title=Capital City Moscow Tower - The Skyscraper Center|website=www.skyscrapercenter.com|access-date=16 April 2018}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/capital-city-st-petersburg-tower/1053|title=Capital City St. Petersburg Tower - The Skyscraper Center|website=www.skyscrapercenter.com|access-date=16 April 2018}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.ctbuh.org/TallBuildings/FeaturedTallBuildings/CapitalCityMoscow/tabid/2178/language/en-US/Default.aspx|title=Capital City Towers, Moscow|last=ctbuh|website=www.ctbuh.org|language=en-US|access-date=16 April 2018}}

Construction of the complex started in 2005. The office building which served as a stylobate for the complex was completed in 2008. In July 2008, the Moscow Tower surpassed the Naberezhnaya Tower as the tallest building in Russia and Europe. In 2009, construction of the complex was completed. In 2012, The Shard in London, United Kingdom surpassed Moscow Tower as the tallest building in Europe, but only held that position for a few months as the Capital City complex's neighboring Mercury City Tower surpassed The Shard's height.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/architecture-design-blog/2012/nov/05/mercury-city-tower-the-shard|title=Russia's Mercury City tower cuts The Shard down to size|date=5 November 2012|work=The Guardian|access-date=11 December 2012}}

Design

File:Capital-city-towers-moscow-indexxrus.JPG

According to Yuri Starodubtsev of the Capital Group and Joey Myers and Larry Goetz of the NBBJ, the design complex of the Capital City complex was inspired after Vladimir Tatlin's "Corner Counter Relief" (1914). Tatlin's work in the early 20th century was to redesign the project in order to accommodate more space. One concept approached by Tatlin was a tightly drawn interstitial shape through the orthogonal geometry of a typical room. The Capital City complex uses this concept by the offset rotation of the tower segments to create a dynamic departure from the square's stability. This rotational effect, achieved through a slight cantilever on only two façades of each vertical segment, does not compromise the regularity of the towers’ structure.

Reinforced concrete is to be used for the foundation due to its abundance in the region. Despite this, construction of the complex was carried out in atypical conditions. The tower pile caps were each installed during continuous, 33-hour mid-winter pours in temperatures ranging from {{convert|-32|to|-34|C|F}}, under a large heated tent to keep the concrete from freezing. Running five meters deep and measuring {{convert|6,500|and|6,000|m3|ft3|sp=us}}, the foundation utilized a relatively standard rebar cage and wooden form work.

The design team collaborated with German curtain wall specialist Schüco to create a dynamic facade for the towers and podium building. The towers are enclosed in a unitized panel system with four-sided structural-silicone glazing. The aluminum panels compose a shifting super grid that resonates with the towers’ shifting blocks. The panels also shift in plan, some protruding outward while others are slightly inset to accommodate vertical LED lighting.

The City of Capitals is to serve as a mixed-use complex, featuring apartments, office space, retail, restaurants, fitness center, and a garden. The complex also features a six-level basement that includes more than 2,200 parking spaces, electrical equipment and enlarged fire compartments.{{Cite web|url=https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=24262|title=City of Capitals: Moscow, Moscow - SkyscraperPage.com|website=skyscraperpage.com|access-date=18 June 2018}}{{Cite web|url=https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=25546|title=City of Capitals: Saint Petersburg, Moscow - SkyscraperPage.com|website=skyscraperpage.com|access-date=18 June 2018}}

Each tower is separated into several levels. For the Moscow Tower, the top four levels which served as residences are named from bottom to top: Beleveue, Sky, Star, and Galaxy. The same applies to St. Petersburg Tower, except it only has three levels rather than four. As a result, it does not have a level named Galaxy. Apartments cover floors 18-72 of Moscow Tower and floors 18-61 of the St. Petersburg Tower.{{Cite web|url=http://capitalgroup.ru/en/objects/residental/capital-city|title=Capital City - Capital Group|website=capitalgroup.ru|language=en|access-date=19 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304234833/http://capitalgroup.ru/en/objects/residental/capital-city|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}

Notable residents

Former Syrian President Bashar al-Assad is said to own several apartments in this complex.{{Cite web |last=Sotnikova |first=Maria |date=2024-12-11 |title=The Russian neighbourhood ready to welcome the Assads |url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/middle-east/article/assads-moscow-russia-neighbourhood-pfphx8v3g |access-date=2025-01-24 |website=www.thetimes.com |language=en}}

Construction gallery

File:Город столиц 2.jpg|2005

File:Город столиц строится.jpg|2006

File:Фото1227.jpg|November 2006

File:Huvudstaden 5 oktober 2007.jpg|5 October 2007

File:Moscow, City of Capitals, 16.05.2008 (7).jpg|16 June 2008

Awards

In 2010, Moscow Tower was awarded by Emporis the Emporis Skyscraper Award for its aesthetic appearance and compatibility with the urban environment.{{Cite web |url=http://realty.newsru.com/article/29jul2011/moscow_tower |title=Одна башня из "Москва-сити" вошла в десятку "самых эстетичных" небоскребов мира |trans-title=One tower from Moscow City is among the ten “most aesthetic” skyscrapers in the world |work=News Ru |date=29 July 2011 |access-date=18 June 2018 |quote=The rating of the ten best skyscrapers from around the world includes the Moscow Tower from the City of Capitals complex in Moscow City. }}