Civil defense by country#Canada

The Egyptian General Administration of Civil Defense "is a department of Ministry of Interior (Egypt), founded in 1875. Its main task is to respond and to protect civilians and animals in case of emergency or natural disasters".{{cite web|url=https://site.moi.gov.eg/civilprotection/Pages/home.aspx|title=The Egyptian General Administration of Civil Defense}}

{{Main|Algerian Civil Defence}}

Algerian Civil Defence is a unit of the Algerian government responsible for firefighting, rescue services, and emergency response.

The Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps "is a para-military agency of the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria that is commissioned in 2003, to provide measures against threat and any form of attack or disaster against the nation and its citizenry".{{cite web|url=http://www.nscdc.nscdc.gov.ng/index.php/about-nscdc/history-of-nscdc|title=History of NSCDC – NSCDC|author=Alao Gabriel|publisher=|accessdate=18 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728220243/http://www.nscdc.nscdc.gov.ng/index.php/about-nscdc/history-of-nscdc|archive-date=28 July 2014|url-status=dead}}

States and some cities have their own civil defense measures, overseen by the Ministry of Regional Development.{{Cite web|last=Central IT|title=Ministério do Desenvolvimento Regional|url=http://www.mi.gov.br/web/guest/defesacivil|access-date=2021-01-25|website=www.mi.gov.br|language=pt-br}}

Canada's civil defense measures evolved over time. As with many other matters in Canada, responsibility is shared between the federal and provincial government.{{cite book|title=An Emergency Management Framework for Canada Second Edition|url=https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/mrgnc-mngmnt-frmwrk/index-eng.aspx|website=Public Safety Canada|year=2011|publisher=Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada|accessdate=25 May 2015|isbn=978-1-100-17186-9}} The first post-WWII civil defence co-ordinator was appointed in October 1948 "to supervise the work of federal, provincial and municipal authorities in planning for public air-raid shelters, emergency food and medical supplies, and the evacuation of likely target areas".{{cite web|title=Civil Defence|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/civil-defence/|website=The Canadian Encyclopedia|publisher=HISTORICA FOUNDATION|accessdate=25 May 2015}}

In 1959, the Government of Canada, under John Diefenbaker handed authority for civilian defense to the Emergency Measures Organisation (EMO). Large fallout shelters, known as "Diefenbunkers" were built at rural locations outside major cities across Canada at the height of the Cold War during the infancy of the ICBM threat.

The EMO then became Emergency Planning Canada in 1974, then Emergency Preparedness Canada in 1986. In February 2001, the Government replaced Emergency Preparedness with the Office of Critical Infrastructure Protection and Emergency Preparedness (OCIPEP), responsible for civilian emergency planning in both peace and war.

Among the "Core Missions" of the Canada First Defence Strategy (under the Canadian Department of National Defence) are to respond to terrorist attacks and other crises such as natural disasters.{{cite web|title=Six Core Missions|url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/pri/first-premier/missions-eng.asp|work=Canada First Defence Strategy|publisher=National Defence and the Canadian Forces|accessdate=22 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021185204/http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/pri/first-premier/missions-eng.asp|archive-date=21 October 2012|url-status=dead}} According to the Emergency Management Act, the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness is responsible for exercising leadership relating to emergency management in Canada by coordinating, among government institutions and in cooperation with the provinces and other entities, emergency management activities.{{cite web|title=Emergency Management Act|url=http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/E-4.56/page-1.html#h-1|website=Justice Laws Website|date=3 August 2007 |publisher=Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada|accessdate=25 May 2015}}

{{Main article|Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency}}

Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, the British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Turks and Caicos Islands, are members of the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency, which organizes relief efforts after widespread disasters. Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines are also members of the Regional Security System, which may also provide assistance during national emergencies.

The Panama Civil Defense Seismic Network has the capability of informing and warning citizens of hazardous conditions such as earthquakes, volcanoes, or tsunami.

{{Main article|United States civil defense}}

The Office of Civilian Defense was set up May 20, 1941, by Executive Order 8757, to co-ordinate state and federal measures for protection of civilians in case of war emergency. The Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA) was organized on December 1, 1950, and distributed civil defense information until it was merged with FEMA in 1979. Between 1979 and 2001, the duties of Civil Defense were served by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). FEMA was absorbed into the Department of Homeland Security in 2003.

China continues to construct large public emergency shelters.{{cite news|last=Xinzhu|first=Li|date=18 March 2010|title=Shelters part of long-term civil defense plan|newspaper=China Daily|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-03/18/content_9606194.htm|accessdate=22 August 2012}} Not less than three large (maximum capacity of around 8000) shelters are to be completed in the Shanghai area by 2012, with more planned. The ironic completion date of late 2012 has been dismissed as coincidence, with the true intent claimed to be a response to the 2008 Sichuan earthquakes, "as a precaution against possible natural disasters".

{{Main article|Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management}}

Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana or loosely translated into English as Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management is the government agency that has the authority of managing disaster in the national scale.

{{main|National Organization for Passive Defense}}

The National Organization for Passive Defense is the principle civil defense organization in Iran. It was established in 2003 and is formally subordinated to the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

{{main|Home Front Command}}

The Home Front Command, a unit and a military district command of the Israel Defense Forces is the principle civil defense organization in Israel. It was created in February 1992 in response to the lessons of the Gulf War, which was the first war since the 1948 Arab–Israeli War in which centers of civilian population faced significant threat.

{{Main article|Volunteer Fighting Corps}}

{{Main article|Lebanese Civil Defense}}

The Directorate General for the Lebanese Civil Defense works alongside the Lebanese Red Cross and is administered by the Ministry of Interior and Municipalities (Lebanon). It provides search and rescue, fire-fighting and pre-hospital services.

{{Main article|Malaysia Civil Defence Force}}

The Malaysia Civil Defence Force is mainly in charge of disaster relief efforts. A separate department the Malaysian Fire and Rescue Department is in charge of the fire and rescue services in Malaysia.

File:2011년 6월 제24대 서울소방재난본부장 최웅길 몽골 울란바토르 소방국 방문 (Emergency Management Department of Ulaanbaatar) CHA 6026.JPG in Ulanbaatar]]

The paramilitary National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) was established by the State Great Khural in June 2003. It was established with the duty to conduct nationwide post-disaster activities. All 21 Aimags as well as the capital of Ulaanbaatar have a NEMA division and department.{{Cite web|title=Mongolia National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA)|url=https://un-spider.org/|access-date=2021-01-25|website=UN-SPIDER Knowledge Portal|language=en}} Similarly to the Post-Soviet Ministry of Emergency Situations, it broadly develops environmental legislation and implements activities on disaster prevention and search and rescue work.{{Cite web|title=National Emergency Management Agency - Mongolia (NEMA) {{!}} PreventionWeb.net|url=https://www.preventionweb.net/organizations/17955|access-date=2021-01-25|website=www.preventionweb.net|archive-date=2019-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711184155/https://www.preventionweb.net/organizations/17955|url-status=dead}}

The Directorate General of Civil Defence provides civil defence services in Pakistan.

{{Main article|Office of Civil Defense (Philippines)}}

The Office of Civil Defense began as the National Civil Defense Administration, established on August 18, 1954 through the Civil Defense Act of 1954.{{cite web|title=About Us: Philippines Office of Civil Defense|url=http://ocd.gov.ph/about|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630150139/http://ocd.gov.ph/about|archive-date=30 June 2014|accessdate=20 August 2012|publisher=Republic of the Philippines Office of Civil Defense}} The Department of National Defense exercises executive supervision over the Office of Civil Defense.

On September 27, 2010 the "Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010" was passed to strengthen the country's disaster risk reduction and management system in response to Typhoon Ondoy.

{{Main article|Singapore Civil Defense Force}}

The Singapore Civil Defense Force (SCDF) was established by the Civil Defense Act of 1986 as an independent organization under the Ministry of Home Affairs. The SCDF and the Singapore Fire Service were formally merged in 1989.{{cite web|title=SCDF Website – GENERAL: Milestones|url=http://www.scdf.gov.sg/content/scdf_internet/en/general/about-us/milestones/1888-1990.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927230109/http://www.scdf.gov.sg/content/scdf_internet/en/general/about-us/milestones/1888-1990.html|archive-date=27 September 2011|accessdate=18 September 2014}}

{{See also|Republic Of Korea Civil Defense Corps}}

On December 15, 2010, Seoul held its largest civil defense drill in since 1975, in response to the Bombardment of Yeonpyeong.{{cite news|last=McDonald|first=Mark|date=15 December 2010|title=Amid Tension, South Korea Holds Nationwide Air-Raid Drill|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/16/world/asia/16korea.html?_r=0|accessdate=28 April 2013}}{{cite web|last=Xaykaothao|first=Doulay|title=Seoul Holds Largest Civil Defense Drill In 35 Years|website=NPR.org |url=https://www.npr.org/2010/12/15/132072724/South-Korea-Defense-Drill-Update|accessdate=28 April 2013|publisher=National Public Radio}}

{{Main article|Sri Lanka Civil Security Force}}

The Sri Lanka Department of Civil Security is a paramilitary force which is tasked as an auxiliary to the Sri Lanka Police. It evolved from the "Home Guards" created in response to attacks by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.

{{Main article|Syrian Civil Defence Forces}}

File:百年防空洞 Old Bomb Shelter - panoramio.jpgThe Syrian Civil Defence Forces, also known as Self-Protection Squads,[http://sana.sy/en/?p=61134 First batch of self-protection squads in Damascus Countryside finishes training, SANA, 13th August 2013] is a civil defence organisation that operates in Syria.{{cite book|author=British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fu4zAAAAIAAJ|title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa|year=1981}} It is also known as The People's Army.{{cite book|author=Patrick Seale|url=https://archive.org/details/asadofsyriastrug00seal|title=Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East|date=January 1990|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-06976-3|pages=[https://archive.org/details/asadofsyriastrug00seal/page/158 158]–|url-access=registration}} Directors-General of the organisation have included Brigadier General Abdel-Chani Jamal.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B5y5AAAAIAAJ|title=ARR: Arab Report and Record|publisher=Economic Features, Limited|year=1977}} The forces are divided into units or squads.{{cite book|author1=Andrew Beattie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9iCfkTe8v2EC&pg=RA2-PA319|title=The Rough Guide to Syria|author2=Timothy Pepper|publisher=Rough Guides|year=2001|isbn=978-1-85828-718-8|pages=2–}}

{{Main|Civil defense in Taiwan}}

There are more than 117,000 air raid shelters in Taiwan, some dating back to the Japanese colonial period.{{cite web|last1=Everington|first1=Keoni|title=Taiwan to create site listing 117,000 air raid shelters in case of Chinese attack|url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4045348|accessdate=5 November 2020|website=www.taiwannews.com.tw|date=4 November 2020 |publisher=Taiwan News}} Many more obsolete shelters as well as military bunkers have been repurposed as commercial, artistic, or public buildings.{{cite web|agency=Reuters|date=10 January 2020|title=Taiwanese repurpose old bunkers into sheds, parks and photo-op sites|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/01/10/asia-pacific/taiwanese-bunkers-photo-ops/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110102158/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/01/10/asia-pacific/taiwanese-bunkers-photo-ops/ |archive-date=2020-01-10 |accessdate=5 November 2020|website=www.japantimes.co.jp|publisher=The Japan Times}}

File:Independence_Day_Parade_-_Flickr_-_Kerri-Jo_(3).jpg in 2011]]

The General Directorate of Civil Defense and Rescue ({{langx|tk|Raýat goranmak we halas ediş baş müdirligi}}) is part of the Ministry of Defense of Turkmenistan. It is the civil defense agency of Turkmenistan that is similar organizationally to the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations. It conducts exercises in the territories of industrial enterprises with non-militarized rescue workers, developing tactics in the event of various natural disasters and/or rescue operations.{{Cite web|last=Dolgova|first=Elena|date=27 January 2016|title=On January 27, Turkmenistan celebrates Defender of the Fatherland Day|url=http://www.turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=10283|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628180624/http://turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=10283|archive-date=28 June 2017|access-date=25 January 2021|website=Turkmenistan.gov}} The directorate opened the Center for Emergency Management in January 2011.{{Cite web|title=Turkmenistan opens Emergency Management Center under Ministry of Defence {{!}} Turkmenistan.ru|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/articles/14475.html|access-date=2021-01-25|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}

Dubai has the Dubai Civil Defence organization.

Vietnam Militia and Self-Defence Force ({{langx|vi|Dân quân tự vệ}}) is part of the Vietnam People's Armed Forces. Their main task is to prevent, combat and overcome the consequences of disasters, incidents, natural disasters, epidemics, fires and explosions; search, rescue, rescue; forest protection, environmental protection and other civil defense tasks according to the provisions of law. They can be deployed as active military soldiers, as it is one of the three branches of the Armed Forces.

{{Main article|Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations}}

In addition to providing funding to humanitarian aid, the European Commission's Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (DG-ECHO) is in charge of the EU Civil Protection Mechanism {{Cite web|title=EU Civil Protection Mechanism|url=https://ec.europa.eu/echo/what/civil-protection/mechanism_en|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-28|publisher=European Commission|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310211751/http://ec.europa.eu/echo/what/civil-protection/mechanism_en |archive-date=2015-03-10 }} to coordinate the response to disasters in Europe and beyond and contributes to at least 75% of the transport and/or operational costs of deployments. Established in 2001, the Mechanism fosters cooperation among national civil protection authorities across Europe. Currently 34 countries are members of the Mechanism; all 27 EU Member States in addition to Iceland, Norway, Serbia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Turkey and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Mechanism was set up to enable coordinated assistance from the participating states to victims of natural and man-made disasters in Europe and elsewhere.

{{Main article|National Civil Protection Agency}}

Civil Protection in Albania is coordinated by Agjencia Kombëtare e Mbrojtjes Civile (National Civil Protection Agency), a department within the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Albania. Established in 2001 as Drejtoria e Përgjithshme e Emergjencave Civile (General Directorate of Civil Emergencies) and renamed in 2019, this agency deals with preparedness and response to natural and man-made disasters.

{{Main article|Belgian Civil Protection}}

The Belgian Civil Protection is coordinated by the Federal Public Service Interior (the former Ministry of the Interior) and operates as a specialized second-line service. It is not a first-response service like the fire departments, but is only called upon when specialized assistance is needed. Its main tasks revolve around CBRN incidents, search and rescue operations and heavy technical assistance. As of 2016, the Belgian Civil Protection employs about 1,100 people, of which 450 professionals and 650 volunteers.

{{Main article|Cyprus Civil Defence}}

The Cyprus Civil Defense Force was established in 1964 in response to the Turkish bombings of Tilliria in order to protect the civilian population and to help it recover from the immediate effects of hostilities or disasters.

{{Main article|Danish Emergency Management Agency}}

The Danish Emergency Management Agency is a governmental agency under the Ministry of Defence chiefly tasked with preparing for and responding to natural disasters and national emergencies in Denmark. The DEMA is also capable of deploying abroad on request from other states. It evolved from the wartime Civilforsvarsstyrelsen (Civil Defense Agency), and the general public still often refer to it as the Civil Defense.

{{Main article|Civil defense in Finland}}

Civil defense in Finland is a civilian effort, coordinated by the Ministry of Interior through the Civil Defense Act of 1958, to provide shelters in high-risk areas, evacuate civilian populations from threatened areas, and limit damage from natural disasters.

{{Main article|Sécurité Civile}}

The Direction de la Défense de la Sécurité Civile (Department of Civil Defense and Emergency Preparedness) is the civil defence agency of the French Government, which includes the Sous-Direction des Sapeur-pompiers and the Sous-Direction des opérations de Secours et de la coopération civilo-militaire (Rescue operation and civil-military cooperation branch).

{{Main article|THW}}

The German Federal Agency for Technical Relief (THW Technisches Hilfswerk) is an organization of voluntary experts as an authority in the department of the Federal Ministry of the Interior, founded in 1950.

{{Main article|Technische Nothilfe}}

{{Main article|Civil defense of the GDR}}

In 1995, the Civil defense was institutionally established with the establishment of the General Secretariat for [https://www.civilprotection.gr/en Civil Protection] at the Ministry of the Interior.

{{Main article|Civil Defence Ireland}}

Civil Defence Ireland, established in 1950 in response to the threat of nuclear disaster following "The Emergency", is operated at local authority level in conjunction with the Department of Defence.

{{Main article|Isle of Man Civil Defence Corps}}

Established in 1949, the IOMCDC is an emergency service of the Isle of Man Government, with a wide brief for emergency response, civilian evacuation, flood control, disaster management, emergency communications, and mass decontamination.

{{Main article|Protezione Civile}}

The Civil Protection deals at national level with the forecast, prevention, management and overcoming of human and natural disasters and in emergency situations. It also deals with sector such as forest fire and hydrogeological risk.

{{Main article|Corps des Sapeurs-Pompiers}}

The Corps des Sapeurs-Pompiers is a military force, consisting of 135 military personnel and 25 civilian employees, which handles fire-fighting and civil defense duties.

Norwegian Civil Defence

The Norwegian Civil Defence support the police, fire departments and health care during larger incidents which those departments do not have the manpower to handle.

In Portugal, Autoridade Nacional de Emergência e Proteção Civil (ANEPC) works in prevention, preparation, response and recovery activities against natural and technological risks, as well as preventing and fighting rural fires.{{Cite web|title=Decreto-Lei 45/2019, 2019-04-01|url=https://dre.pt/web/guest/home/-/dre/121748967/details/maximized?serie=I|access-date=2021-01-25|website=Diário da República Eletrónico|language=pt}}

In Romania, the General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations ({{langx|ro|Inspectoratul General pentru Situaţii de Urgenţă}}) is the governmental body responsible for nationwide civil defence.[http://www.igsu.ro/organizare_despre_noi.html IGSU: organization] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314050934/http://www.igsu.ro/organizare_despre_noi.html |date=2013-03-14 }} Each county has a bureau in charge of emergency management in the area. IGSU is accountable for the construction and maintenance of public ABC shelters.

The concept of centralized civil defence was established by law in 1933, through the Royal Decree 433, to which Col. Gheorghe Pohrib made essential contributions. It continues to be part of various ministries, such as Internal Affairs and Defence.

{{Main article|Civil defense in Russia|Ministry of Emergency Situations (Russia)}}

During the Soviet era, specialized civil defence subunits were maintained in order to provide assistance to the population after bombing raids and nuclear, biological or chemical attacks. And today, by law, the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Affairs for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters civil defence troops must retain such a wartime role. Thus they are charged with the organisation and coordination of Russian military forces for the purpose of civil defence not only during natural and manmade disasters, but also during wartime.

{{Main article|Civil Police (San Marino)}}

The Civil Police and the {{ill|Civil Protection Service of San Marino|it|Servizio protezione civile di San Marino}} are responsible for civil defence, as well as tax collection, domestic security, and traffic control.{{cite web |url=http://www.sanmarinosite.com/eng/corpimilitari.html |title=San Marino Military Organizations |publisher=Sanmarinosite.com |access-date=2012-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917042756/http://www.sanmarinosite.com/eng/corpimilitari.html |archive-date=2008-09-17 |url-status=dead}}

The Civil Protection in Slovenia (Slovene: Civilna zaščita) is part of the national system for protection against natural and other disasters.

It is coordinated by the Administration of the Republic of Slovenia for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief, which operates under the Ministry of Defence.

The system includes professional and volunteer units, with significant involvement from local municipalities.

Civil Protection has in recent years been involved in responding to various natural and other disasters, including floods, wildfires, and the COVID-19 pandemic.

{{Main|Directorate-General for Civil Protection and Emergencies}}

Spain started the civil defence policies in the 1940s and since 1960s, the Directorate-General for Civil Protection and Emergencies, a component of the Ministry of the Interior has existed to develop the government policy on civil protection. In addition, the Spanish regions and municipalities also have their own civil defence plans. Also, since 2006 there is a military unit, the Military Emergencies Unit.

{{Main|Swedish Civil Defence Board}}

Swedish civil defense "consists of a diverse range of activities conducted by society to strengthen the ability to cope with a state of heightened alert and war." Sweden's objectives of civil defence are to: protect the civilian population; contribute to peace and security; and strengthen societies ability to prevent and manage severe peacetime emergencies.{{cite web|title=Civil defence|url=http://www.sweden.gov.se/sb/d/4187/a/27424|publisher=Swedish Ministry of Defence|accessdate=20 August 2012}}

The Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection (FOCP), under the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports, is responsible for the coordination of civil defense services. It operates the National Emergency Operations Center (NEOC) and the Spiez Laboratory, which is responsible for weapons of mass destruction research and protection.{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Organisation|url=http://www.vbs.admin.ch/internet/vbs/en/home/departement/organisation.html|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514012012/http://www.vbs.admin.ch/internet/vbs/en/home/departement/organisation.html|archivedate=2008-05-14|accessdate=14 May 2008|website=|publisher=Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport}} Switzerland built an extensive network of fallout shelters during the cold war, including the Sonnenberg Tunnel. The reference Nuclear War Survival Skills declared that, as of 1986, "Switzerland has the best civil defense system, one that already includes blast shelters for over 85 percent of all its citizens."{{cite book|last=Kearny|first=Cresson H|title=Nuclear War Survival Skills|year=1986|publisher=Oak Ridge National Laboratory|location=Oak Ridge, TN|isbn=0-942487-01-X|pages=6–10|url=http://www.oism.org/nwss/s73p911.htm}} As of 2006, there were about 300,000 shelters built in private residences, institutions and hospitals, as well as 5,100 public shelters for a total of 8.6 million places, a level of coverage equal to 114% of the population.{{in lang|fr}} Daniele Mariani, [http://www.swissinfo.ch/fre/a-chacun-son-bunker/7485678 "À chacun son bunker"], Swissinfo, 23 October 2009 (page visited on 5 August 2015). Switzerland also has mandatory stockpiling of essential goods.{{cite web |title=Stockpiling |url=https://www.bwl.admin.ch/bwl/en/home/themen/pflichtlager.html |website=Federal office for national economic supply |accessdate=11 April 2019}}

{{Main article|Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency}}

Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD) is the responsible Turkish institution for coordinating civil defence, and to respond to civil emergencies including those arise from natural disasters. AFAD is a participant of the European humanitarian aid and civil protection mechanism.
General Directorate of Civil Defence under Turkish Ministry of the Interior was the responsible institution in Turkey for civil protection and it was disbanded in 2009 with the establishment of AFAD.

{{Main article|State Emergency Service of Ukraine}}

Formerly a munisterial level agency, today the State Emergency Service of Ukraine is part of Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Before 2005, in Ukraine existed the Civil Defense Troops.

{{Main article|Civil Defence Corps}}

During the inter-war period, and Second World War, the United Kingdom called upon Air Raid Precautions to supplement existing emergency services and create wartime specialist services. This service, later called the Civil Defence Service, was disbanded in 1945. The Civil Defence Corps was a civilian volunteer organisation established in Great Britain in 1949 as the primary organisation for civil defence work, primarily concerned with nuclear war preparations but could respond to civil emergencies; it was supported by the Auxiliary Fire Service, National Hospital Service Reserve, Industrial Civil Defence Service and the Royal Observer Corps. The CDC, AFS, NHSR and ICDS were disbanded in 1968.https://civildefenceassociation.uk/history/

A number of organisations have been created to try and emulate the work of Civil Defence, but none are government funded or recognised as such. However, Emergency Preparedness is the responsibility of agencies under the Civil Contingencies Act 2004, with professional emergency planners in place.

Some of these organisations are:

• Association of Lowland Search and Rescue
• Mountain Rescue England and Wales
• British Cave Rescue Council
• Civil Aid Voluntary Rescue Association
• St John Ambulance
• British Red Cross
• The Salvation Army
• Radio Amateurs Emergency Network
• RE:ACT Disaster Response
• Serve On Search and Rescue
• Joint Civil Aid Corps

{{Main article|State Emergency Service}}

Australia's State Emergency Service is a fully volunteer organization intended to provide emergency help during and after officially declared disasters. The SES is one of many public safety organizations using the Australasian Inter-Service Incident Management System.

{{Main|National Emergency Management Agency (New Zealand)}}

The National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) is the public civil defense department of the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet in New Zealand. The agency administers the Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002 in its duties.{{cite web|title=About the Ministry|url=http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/about/about-the-ministry/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615104010/http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/about/about-the-ministry/|archive-date=15 June 2017|accessdate=19 September 2017|publisher=Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management}} NEMA's child agency is the National Crisis Management Centre.

{{reflist}}

• [https://nema.gov.mn/ National Emergency Management Agency (Mongolia)]
• [http://www.proteccioncivil.org/ Civil Protection] (Ministry of Interior, Spain).
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060508140212/http://www.protezionecivile.it/ Protezione Civile] Italian Civil Defense
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20140211154530/http://www.dublincivildefence.com/ Dublin Civil Defence] Ireland
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090607080955/http://www.sebev.co.uk/ SEBEV Search and Rescue] (originally a Civil Defence team in the UK)
• [http://en.mchs.ru Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations]
• [http://www.mes.am/hy/ Armenian Ministry of Emergency Situations]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20141102181842/http://civildefence.gov.pk/page.php?id=35 Directorate General of Civil Defense]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20140112073314/http://www.sivilforsvaret.no/ Norwegian Civil Defence]
• [https://www.khf.tj/ru/ Committee of Emergency Situations and Civil Defense of Tajikistan]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20140731222322/http://www.mns.gov.ua/ Official Website of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine]
• [https://www.cavra.org.uk/ Civil Aid Voluntary Rescue Association] (a Civil Defence Charity in the UK)

{{Civil defence}}

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Category:Emergency management by country

Category:Lists by country