Classification of sleep disorders

{{See also|Sleep disorder|Sleep medicine}}

Systems for the classification of sleep disorders are used to classify medical disorders related to human sleep patterns. Three systems of classification are in use worldwide:{{Cite book |last1=Chokroverty |first1=Sudhansu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YA-cCgAAQBAJ&q=DSM%25203%2520Sleep%2520Disorders&pg=PA186 |title=Sleep Medicine: A Comprehensive Guide to Its Development, Clinical Milestones, and Advances in Treatment |last2=Billiard |first2=Michel |date=2015-09-22 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9781493920891 |access-date=2023-10-24 |archive-date=2023-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024154403/https://books.google.com/books?id=YA-cCgAAQBAJ&q=DSM%25203%2520Sleep%2520Disorders&pg=PA186#v=onepage&q=DSM%25203%2520Sleep%2520Disorders&f=false |url-status=live }}

• the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and intended for use by general and more specialized practitioners,
• the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) from the American Psychiatric Association (APA) for psychiatrists and general practitioners, and
• the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD), an advanced system cultured by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) for sleep specialists.

The ICD and DSM lump different disorders together, while the ICSD tends to split related disorders into multiple discrete categories. There has, over the last 60 years, occurred a slow confluence of the three major classification systems.

The first book on sleep{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}} was published in 1830 by Robert MacNish; it described sleeplessness, nightmares, sleepwalking and sleep-talking. Narcolepsy, hypnogogic hallucination, wakefulness and somnolence were mentioned by other authors of the nineteenth century. Westphal, in 1877, described first case of narcolepsy, the name coined later by Gelineu in 1880 in association with cataplexy. Lehermitte called it paroxysmal hypersomnia in 1930 to differentiate it from prolonged hypersomnia. Roger in 1932 coined the term parasomnia and classified hypersomnia, insomnia and parasomnia.{{Cite journal|last=Roger|first=H|date=1932|title=Troubles du Sommeil.|journal=Masson et Cie, 1932; 275–83.}} Kleitman in 1939 recognized types of parasomnias as nightmares, night terrors, somniloquy (sleep-talking), somnambulism (sleepwalking), grinding of teeth, jactatians, enuresis, delirium, nonepileptic convulsions and personality dissociation.{{Cite book|title=Sleep and Wakefulness.|last=Kleitman|first=N.|publisher=Chicago: University of Chicago Press|year=1939|pages=280–9}} Broughton in 1968 developed classification of the arousal disorders as confusional arousals: night terrors and sleep walking.{{Cite journal|last=Broughton|first=R. J.|date=1968-03-08|title=Sleep disorders: disorders of arousal? Enuresis, somnambulism, and nightmares occur in confusional states of arousal, not in "dreaming sleep"|pmid=4865791|journal=Science |volume=159|issue=3819|pages=1070–1078|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.159.3819.1070|s2cid=11147846 }} Insomnias were classified as primary and secondary until 1970 when they were recognized as symptoms of other disorders. Sir William Osler in 1906 correlated snoring, obesity and somnolence (sleepiness) to Dicken's description of Joe. Charles Burwell in 1956 recognized obstructive sleep apnea as Pickwickian syndrome.{{Cite journal|last1=Bickelmann|first1=A. G.|last2=Burwell|first2=C. S.|last3=Robin|first3=E. D.|last4=Whaley|first4=R. D.|date=1956-11-01|title=Extreme obesity associated with alveolar hypoventilation; a Pickwickian syndrome|pmid=13362309|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|volume=21|issue=5|pages=811–818|issn=0002-9343|doi=10.1016/0002-9343(56)90094-8}} Circadian rhythm sleep disorders were discovered in 1981 by Weitzman as delayed sleep phase syndrome in contrast to advanced sleep phase syndrome in 1979.{{Cite journal|last1=Weitzman|first1=E. D.|last2=Czeisler|first2=C. A.|last3=Coleman|first3=R. M.|last4=Spielman|first4=A. J.|last5=Zimmerman|first5=J. C.|last6=Dement|first6=W.|last7=Richardson|first7=G.|last8=Pollak|first8=C. P.|date=1981-07-01|title=Delayed sleep phase syndrome. A chronobiological disorder with sleep-onset insomnia|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=38|issue=7|pages=737–746|issn=0003-990X|pmid=7247637|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780320017001}}

Classification of sleep disorders, as developed in the 19th century, used primarily three categories: insomnia, hypersomnia and nightmare. In the 20th century, increasingly in the last half of it, technological discoveries led to rapid advances in the understanding of sleep and recognition of sleep disorders. Major sleep disorders were defined following the development of electroencephalography (EEG) in 1924 by Hans Berger.

Diagnoses of sleep disorders are based on self-assessment questionnaires, clinical interview, physical examination and laboratory procedures. The validity and reliability of various sleep disorders are yet to be proved and need further research within the ever-changing field of sleep medicine. Admittedly, the development of sleep disorder classification remains as much an art as it is a science.

{{Main|International Classification of Sleep Disorders}}

The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) was produced by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) in association with the European Sleep Research Society, the Japanese Society of Sleep Research, and the Latin American Sleep Society. The classification was developed as a revision and update of the Diagnostic Classification of Sleep and Arousal Disorders (DCSAD) that was produced by both the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers (ASDC) and the Association for the Psychophysiological Study of Sleep and was published in the journal Sleep in 1979.{{Cite journal|date=1979|title=Diagnostic classification of sleep and arousal disorders. 1979 first edition. Association of Sleep Disorders Centers and the Association for the Psychophysiological Study of Sleep.|journal=Sleep |doi=10.1093/sleep/2.1.1|pmid=531417|volume=2|pages=1–154 | last1 = Howard | first1 = P. Roffwarg|issue=1|doi-access=free}}{{Cite journal|last=Thorpy|first=M. J.|date=1990-01-01|title=Classification of sleep disorders|pmid=2406285|journal=Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology|volume=7|issue=1|pages=67–81|issn=0736-0258|doi=10.1097/00004691-199001000-00006|pmc=3480567}}

1. Disorder of initiating and maintain sleep (DIMS) - Insomnias
2. Disorder of Excessive sleep (DOES) - Hypersomnias
3. Disorder of sleep wake schedule
4. Parasomnias

The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) uses a multiaxial system for stating and coding diagnoses both in clinical reports or for data base purposes. The axial system uses International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9- CM) coding wherever possible. Additional codes are included for procedures and physical signs of particular interest to sleep disorders clinicians and researchers. Diagnoses and procedures are listed and coded on three main "axes." The axial system is arranged as follows:{{Cite book|title=THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF SLEEP DISORDERS, REVISED Diagnostic and Coding Manual|publisher=American Academy of Sleep Medicine|year=2001|isbn=0-9657220-1-5|location=Westchester, IL 60154-5767, U.S.A}}

• Axis A ICSD Classification of Sleep Disorders
• Axis B ICD-9-CM Classification of Procedures
• Axis C ICD-9-CM Classification of Diseases (nonsleep diagnoses).

1. Intrinsic Sleep Disorders
2. Extrinsic Sleep Disorders
3. Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders

1. Arousal Disorders
2. Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders
3. Parasomnias Usually Associated with REM Sleep
4. Other Parasomnias

1. Associated with Mental Disorders
2. Associated with Neurologic Disorders
3. Associated with Other Medical Disorders

ICSD 2 is tabulated in the main article International Classification of Sleep Disorders

The last edition of ICSD-3 is a unified classification of sleep disorders. It includes seven major categories: insomnia disorders, sleep-related breathing disorders, central disorders of hypersomnolence, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, sleep-related movement disorders, parasomnias, and other sleep disorders. Each of these categories has several subgroups:{{cite book |last1=American Academy of Sleep Medicine |title=International Classification of Sleep Disorders - Third Edition |date=2014 |publisher=Darien, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine}}

1. Chronic insomnia disorder
2. Short-term insomnia disorder
3. Other insomnia disorder

1. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) disorders
2. OSA, adult
3. OSA, pediatric
4. Central sleep apnea syndromes
5. Central sleep apnea with Cheyne-Stokes breathing
6. Central sleep apnea due to a medical disorder without Cheyne-Stokes breathing
7. Central sleep apnea due to high altitude periodic breathing
8. Central sleep apnea due to a medication or substance
9. Primary central sleep apnea
10. Primary central sleep apnea of infancy
11. Primary central sleep apnea of prematurity
12. Treatment-emergent central sleep apnea
13. Sleep-related hypoventilation disorders
14. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
15. Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome
16. Late-onset central hypoventilation with hypothalamic dysfunction
17. Idiopathic central alveolar hypoventilation
18. Sleep-related hypoventilation due to a medication or substance
19. Sleep-related hypoventilation due to a medical disorder
20. Sleep-related hypoxemia disorder
21. Isolated symptoms and normal variants

1. Narcolepsy type 1
2. Narcolepsy type 2
3. Idiopathic hypersomnia
4. Kleine-Levin syndrome
5. Hypersomnia due to a medical disorder
6. Hypersomnia due to a medication or substance
7. Hypersomnia associated with a psychiatric disorder
8. Insufficient sleep syndrome

1. Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder
2. Advanced sleep-wake phase disorder
3. Irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder
4. Non-24-h sleep-wake rhythm disorder
5. Shift work disorder
6. Jet lag disorder
7. Circadian sleep-wake disorder not otherwise specified

1. Restless legs syndrome
2. Periodic limb movement disorder
3. Sleep-related leg cramps
4. Sleep-related bruxism
5. Sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder
6. Benign sleep myoclonus of infancy
7. Propriospinal myoclonus at sleep onset
8. Sleep-related movement disorder due to a medical disorder
9. Sleep-related movement disorder due to a medication or substance
10. Sleep-related movement disorder, unspecified
11. Isolated symptoms and normal variants
12. Excessive fragmentary myoclonus
13. Hypnagogic foot tremor and alternating leg muscle activation
14. Sleep starts (hypnic jerks)

1. NREM-related parasomnias
2. Confusional arousals
3. Sleepwalking
4. Sleep terrors
5. Sleep-related eating disorder
6. REM-related parasomnias
7. REM sleep behavior disorder
8. Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis
9. Nightmare disorder
10. Other parasomnias
11. Exploding head syndrome
12. Sleep-related hallucinations
13. Sleep enuresis
14. Parasomnia due to a medical disorder
15. Parasomnia due to a medication or substance
16. Parasomnia, unspecified
17. Isolated symptoms and normal variants
18. Sleep talking

{{Main|International Classification of Disease}}

• 780.7 Disturbance of sleep

• 306.4 Specific disorder of sleep
• 780.6 Disturbance of sleep

• 327.00 Organic insomnia, unspecified
• 327.01 Insomnia due to medical condition classified elsewhere
• 327.02 Insomnia due to mental disorder
• 327.09 Other organic insomnia

• 327.10 Organic hypersomnia, unspecified
• 327.11 Idiopathic hypersomnia with long sleep time
• 327.12 Idiopathic hypersomnia without long sleep time
• 327.13 Recurrent hypersomnia
• 327.14 Hypersomnia due to medical condition classified elsewhere
• 327.15 Hypersomnia due to mental disorder
• 327.19 Other organic hypersomnia

• 327.20 Organic sleep apnea, unspecified
• 327.21 Primary central sleep apnea
• 327.22 High altitude periodic breathing
• 327.23 Obstructive sleep apnea (adult)(pediatric)
• 327.24 Idiopathic sleep related non-obstructive alveolar hypoventilation
• 327.25 Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome
• 327.26 Sleep related hypoventilation/hypoxemia in conditions classifiable elsewhere
• 327.27 Central sleep apnea in conditions classified elsewhere
• 327.29 Other organic sleep apnea

• 327.30 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, unspecified
• 327.31 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, delayed sleep phase type
• 327.32 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, advanced sleep phase type
• 327.33 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, irregular sleep-wake type
• 327.34 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, free-running type
• 327.35 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, jet lag type
• 327.36 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, shift work type
• 327.37 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder in conditions classified elsewhere
• 327.39 Other circadian rhythm sleep disorder

• 327.40 Organic parasomnia, unspecified
• 327.41 Confusional arousals
• 327.42 REM sleep behavior disorder
• 327.43 Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis
• 327.44 Parasomnia in conditions classified elsewhere
• 327.49 Other organic parasomnia

• 327.51 Periodic limb movement disorder
• 327.52 Sleep related leg cramps
• 327.53 Sleep related bruxism
• 327.59 Other organic sleep related movement disorders

• 307.40 Nonorganic sleep disorder, unspecified
• 307.41 Transient disorder of initiating or maintaining sleep
• 307.42 Persistent disorder of initiating or maintaining sleep
• 307.43 Transient disorder of initiating or maintaining wakefulness
• 307.44 Persistent disorder of initiating or maintaining wakefulness
• 307.45 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder of nonorganic origin
• 307.46 Sleep arousal disorder
• 307.47 Other dysfunctions of sleep stages or arousal from sleep
• 307.48 Repetitive intrusions of sleep
• 307.49 Other specific disorders of sleep of nonorganic origin

• 780.50 Sleep disturbance, unspecified
• 780.51 Insomnia with sleep apnea, unspecified
• 780.52 Insomnia, unspecified
• 780.53 Hypersomnia with sleep apnea, unspecified
• 780.54 Hypersomnia, unspecified
• 780.55 Disruption of 24 hour sleep wake cycle, unspecified
• 780.56 Dysfunctions associated with sleep stages or arousal from sleep
• 780.57 Unspecified sleep apnea
• 780.58 Sleep related movement disorder, unspecified
• 780.59 Other sleep disturbances

{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/bookorders/anglais/detart1.jsp?codlan=1&codcol=15&codcch=2276|title=Application of the International Classification of Diseases to Neurology (ICD-NA) - WHO - OMS -|date=June 2, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602145319/http://apps.who.int/bookorders/anglais/detart1.jsp?codlan=1&codcol=15&codcch=2276 |archive-date=2012-06-02 }}

• Excl.: nocturnal myoclonus (G25.80), nightmares (F51.5), nonorganic sleep disorders (F51.-), sleep terrors (F51.4), sleepwalking (F51.3)

• G47.20 Transient sleep wake schedule disorder
• G47.21 Advanced sleep phase disorder
• G47.22 Delayed sleep phase syndromes
• G47.23 Irregular sleep-wake pattern
• G47.24 Non 24 hour sleep wake cycle
• G47.28 Other disorder of sleep wake schedule

• Sleep related respiratory failure (ondine)
• Excl. pickwickian syndrome (E66.2), sleep apnoea of newborn (P28.3)
• G47.30 Alveolar hypoventilation syndrome
• G47.31 Central sleep apnoea
• G47.32 Obstructive sleep apnoea
• G47.38 Other sleep apnoea

• G47.40 Narcolepsy
• G47.41 Cataplexy
• G47.42 Sleep paralysis
• G47.43 Hypnogogic and hypnopompic hallucination
• G47.44 Any combination of narcolepsy, cataplexy, Sleep paralysis, Hypnogogic and hypnopompic hallucination
• G47.48 Other forms of narcolepsy and cataplexy

• Excl: Other sudden death, cause unknown (R96-)
• Sleep apnoea (G47.3)
• newborn (R96.-)
• Sudden infant death syndrome (R95)
• G47.80 Other REM sleep related parasomnias
• Excl. nightmares (F51.5), Sleep paralysis (G47.42 )
• G47.800 REM sleep related behavior disorder (phantasmagorias)
• G47.801 Impaired REM sleep related non painful penile erection
• G47.802 REM sleep related painful penile erection
• G47.803 REM sleep related cardiac sinus arrest
• G47.804 REM sleep related headache (use additional code if required to indicate type of headache)
• G47.81 Other non REM sleep related parasomnias
• Excl: benign neonatal sleep syndrome (G25.37)
• G47.810 Sleep related bruxism
• G47.811 Sleep related enuresis
• G47.812 Non-REM-sleep related abnormal swallowing syndrome
• G47.813 Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia
• G47.82 Sleep arousal disorders, confusional arousal, Sleep drunkenness
• G47.83 Sleep-wake transition disorders
• Excl. nocturnal leg cramps (R25.20)
• G47.830 Sleep related rhythmic movement disorder, head-banging (jactatio capitis noctunus)
• G47.831 Sleep starts
• G47.832 Sleepwalking
• G47.84 Kleine-Levin syndrome, Recurrent hypersomnia
• G47.88 Other specified sleep disorders

• Excl.: sleep disorders (organic) (G47.-)

• Psychogenic inversion of:
• circadian
• nyctohemeral
• sleep rhythm
• Excl.: disorders of the sleep-wake schedule (organic) (G47.2)

• Sleep apnoea of newborn:
• central
• NOS
• obstructive

• Apnoea (of):
• newborn, obstructive
• prematurity Excl.: obstructive sleep apnoea of newborn (P28.3)

{{Cite web|url=http://www.icd10data.com/ICD10CM/Codes|title=ICD-10-CM 2016|access-date=2016-03-11|archive-date=2016-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310182628/http://www.icd10data.com/ICD10CM/Codes|url-status=live}}

• G47.00 ...... unspecified
• G47.01 ...... due to medical condition
• G47.09 Other insomnia

• G47.10 ...... unspecified
• G47.11 Idiopathic hypersomnia with long sleep time
• G47.12 Idiopathic hypersomnia without long sleep time
• G47.13 Recurrent hypersomnia
• G47.14 ...... due to medical condition
• G47.19 Other hypersomnia

• G47.20 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, unspecified type
• G47.21 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, delayed sleep phase type
• G47.22 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, advanced sleep phase type
• G47.23 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, irregular sleep wake type
• G47.24 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, free running type
• G47.25 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, jet lag type
• G47.26 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, shift work type
• G47.27 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder in conditions classified elsewhere
• G47.29 Other circadian rhythm sleep disorder

• G47.30 ...... unspecified
• G47.31 Primary central sleep apnea
• G47.32 High altitude periodic breathing
• G47.33 Obstructive sleep apnea (adult) (pediatric)
• G47.34 Idiopathic sleep related nonobstructive alveolar hypoventilation
• G47.35 Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome
• G47.36 Sleep related hypoventilation in conditions classified elsewhere
• G47.37 Central sleep apnea in conditions classified elsewhere
• G47.39 Other sleep apnea

• G47.41 Narcolepsy
• G47.411 ...... with cataplexy
• G47.419 ...... without cataplexy
• G47.42 Narcolepsy in conditions classified elsewhere
• G47.421 ...... with cataplexy
• G47.429 ...... without cataplexy

• G47.50 ...... unspecified
• G47.51 Confusional arousals
• G47.52 REM sleep behavior disorder
• G47.53 Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis
• G47.54 ...... in conditions classified elsewhere
• G47.59 Other parasomnia

• G47.61 Periodic limb movement disorder
• G47.62 Sleep related leg cramps
• G47.63 Sleep related bruxism
• G47.69 Other sleep related movement disorders

• F51.01 Primary insomnia
• F51.02 Adjustment insomnia
• F51.03 Paradoxical insomnia
• F51.04 Psychophysiologic insomnia
• F51.05 Insomnia due to other mental disorder
• F51.09 Other insomnia not due to a substance or known physiological condition

• F51.11 Primary hypersomnia
• F51.12 Insufficient sleep syndrome
• F51.13 Hypersomnia due to other mental disorder
• F51.19 Other hypersomnia not due to a substance or known physiological condition

Applicable To

• Central sleep apnea of newborn
• Obstructive sleep apnea of newborn
• Sleep apnea of newborn NOS

Approximate Synonyms

• Neonatal primary apnea
• Primary apnea in the newborn
• Sleep apnea, primary, neonatal

{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/274880002|title=ICD11 Alpha : Morbidity|date=October 3, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003012351/http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/274880002 |archive-date=2011-10-03 }}

• 8A00 Chronic insomnia
• 8A01 Short-term insomnia
• 8A02 Disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep
• 8A0Y Other specified insomnia disorders
• 8A0Z Insomnia disorders, unspecified

• 8A10 Restless legs syndrome
• 8A11 Secondary restless legs syndrome
• 8A12 Periodic limb movements disorder
• 8A13 Sleep-related bruxism
• 8A14 Sleep-related leg cramps
• 8A15 Sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder
• 8A16 Benign sleep myoclonus of infancy
• 8A1Y Other specified sleep-related movement disorders
• 8A1Z Sleep-related movement disorders, unspecified

• 8A20.1 Narcolepsy, Type 1
• 8A20.2 Narcolepsy, Type 2
• 8A20.3 Idiopathic hypersomnolence disorder
• 8A20.4 Kleine-Levin syndrome
• 8A20.5 Behaviourally induced hypersomnolence
• 8A20.6 Hypersomnolence due to substances including medications
• 8A20.Y Other specified hypersomnolence disorders
• 8A20.Z Hypersomnolence disorders, unspecified

• 8A30 Central sleep apnoeas
• 8A31 Obstructive sleep apnoea
• 8A32 Sleep-related hypoventilation or hypoxemia disorders
• 8A3Y Other specified sleep-related breathing disorders
• 8A3Z Sleep-related breathing disorders, unspecified

• 8A40 Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, delayed type
• 8A41 Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, advanced type
• 8A42 Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, irregular sleep-wake rhythm type
• 8A43 Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, non-24 hour type
• 8A44 Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, shift work type
• 8A45 Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, jet lag type
• 8A4Y Other specified circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders
• 8A4Z Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, unspecified

• 8A50 Confusional arousals
• 8A51 Sleepwalking disorder
• 8A52 Sleep terrors
• 8A5Y Other specified disorders of arousal in non-REM sleep
• 8A5Z Disorders of arousal in non-REM sleep, unspecified
• 8A60 Sleep-related eating disorder

• 8A62 Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis
• 8A63 Nightmare disorder 8A63 Nightmare disorder
• 8A64 Hypnogogic exploding head syndrome
• 8A65 Recurrent isolated sleep-related hallucinations

• 8A6Y Other specified parasomnia disorders
• 8A6Z Parasomnia disorders, unspecified
• 7B60.1 Nocturnal enuresis
• 8A70 Disorders of the sleep-wake schedule
• 8A71 Parasomnia
• 8A72 Sleeptalking
• 8A7Y Other specified sleep-wake disorders
• 8A7Z Sleep-wake disorders, unspecified
• ME21 Dyssomnia

{{Main|Diagnostic and Statistical Manual}}

• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) classification of sleep disorder was first introduced in 1968.

• Disorders of Sleep

• Other disorders with physical manifestation
• Sleep walking
• Sleep terror

• Insomnia
• Hypersomnia
• Sleep wake schedule disorder

• Nightmare disorder
• Sleep terror
• Sleep walking

{| class="wikitable"

!ICD-9{{Cite book|title=DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS|publisher=AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION|year=2005|isbn=0-89042-062-9|location=WASHINGTON, DC, USA|chapter=Sleep Disorders|chapter-url-access=registration|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis00amer_0}}

!Sleep Disorders

|-

!

!Primary Sleep Disorders

|-

|

|

|-

|307.42

|

|-

|307.44

|

|-

|347.00

|

|-

|780.59

|

|-

|307.45

|

|-

|327.31

|Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Delayed Sleep Phase Type

|-

|327.35

|Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Jet Lag Type

|-

|327.36

|Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Shift Work Type

|-

|327.30

|Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Unspecified Type

|-

|307.47

|Dyssomnia NOS

|-

|

|

|-

|307.47

|Nightmare Disorder

|-

|307.46

|Sleep Terror Disorder

|-

|307.46

|Sleepwalking Disorder

|-

|307.47

|Parasomnia NOS

|-

|

|

|-

|307.42

|Insomnia Related to ... [Indicate the Axis I or Axis II Disorder]

|-

|307.44

|Hypersomnia Related to ... [Indicate the Axis I or Axis II Disorder]

|-

|

|

|-

|327.14

|Sleep Disorder Due to ... [Indicate the General Medical Condition], Hypersomnia Type

|-

|327.01

|Sleep Disorder Due to ... [Indicate the General Medical Condition], Insomnia Type

|-

|327.8

|Sleep Disorder Due to ... [Indicate the General Medical Condition], Mixed Type

|-

|327.44

|Sleep Disorder Due to ... [Indicate the General Medical Condition], Parasomnia Type

|-

|291.82

|Alcohol-Induced Sleep Disorder

|-

|292.85

|Amphetamine-Induced Sleep Disorder

|-

|292.85

|Caffeine-Induced Sleep Disorder

|-

|292.85

|Cocaine-Induced Sleep Disorder

|-

|292.85

|Opioid-Induced Sleep Disorder

|-

|292.85

|Other (or Unknown) Substance-Induced Sleep Disorder

|}

Sleep-wake disorders comprise 11 diagnostic groups:{{Cite web|url=http://pro.psychcentral.com/dsm-5-changes-sleep-wake-disorders/004414.html|title=DSM-5 Changes: Sleep-Wake Disorders|website=Psych Central.com|date=7 June 2010|access-date=2016-03-04|archive-date=2016-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302161053/http://pro.psychcentral.com/dsm-5-changes-sleep-wake-disorders/004414.html|url-status=live}}{{not in citation|date=October 2023}}{{clarify|There are 15 groups listed below, but this statement says 11|date=October 2023}}

1. M00 Insomnia disorder
2. M01 Hypersomnolence Disorder
3. M02 Narcolepsy/Hypocretin Deficiency
4. M03 Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome
5. M04 Central Sleep Apnea
6. M05 Sleep-Related Hypoventilation
7. M06 Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder
8. M07 Disorder of Arousal
9. M08 Nightmare Disorder
10. M09 Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
11. M10 Restless Legs Syndrome
12. M11 Substance-Induced Sleep disorder
13. Sleep-Wake Disorders Not Elsewhere Classified
14. Insomnia Disorder Not Elsewhere Classified
15. Major Somnolence Disorder (Hypersomnia Not Elsewhere Classified) The following specifiers apply to Sleep-Wake Disorders where indicated: Specify if: Episodic, Persistent, Recurrent Specify if: Acute, Subacute, Persistent Specify current severity: Mild, Moderate, Severe

{| class="wikitable"

!ICD9-CM

!ICD10-CM

!DSM 5

|-

|

|

|

|-

|780.52

|G47.00

|Insomnia disorder

Specify if: With non-sleep disorder mental comorbidity. With other Medical comorbidity. With other sleep disorder

|-

|780.52

|G47.09

|Other specified insomnia disorder

|-

|780.52

|G47.00

|Unspecified insomnia disorder

|-

|780.54

|G47.10

|

Specify if: With mental disorder. With medical condition. With another sleep disorder

|-

|780.54

|G47.19

|Other specified hypersomnolence disorder

|-

|780.54

|G47.10

|Unspecified hypersomnolence disorder

|-

|

|

|

|-

|347.00

|G47.419

|Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, deafness, and narcolepsy

|-

|347.00

|G47.419

|Autosomal dominant narcolepsy, obesity, and type 2 diabetes

|-

|347.00

|G47.419

|Narcolepsy without cataplexy but with hypocretin deficiency

|-

|347.01

|G47.411

|Narcolepsy with cataplexy but without hypocretin deficiency

|-

|347.10

|G47.429

|Narcolepsy secondary to another medical condition

|-

|

|

|

|-

|327.23

|G47.33

|

|-

|

|

|

|-

|780.57

|G47.37

|Central sleep apnea comorbid with opioid use

|-

|327.21

|G47.31

|Idiopathic central sleep apnea:

|-

|786.04

|R06.3

|Cheyne-Stokes breathing

|-

|780.57

|G47.37

|Central sleep apnea comorbid with opioid use

Note: First code opioid use disorder, if present.

Specify current severity

|-

|

|

|

|-

|327.24

|G47.34

|Idiopathic hypoventilation

|-

|327.25

|G47.35

|Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation

|-

|327.26

|G47.36

|Comorbid sleep-related hypoventilation

|-

|

|

|

|-

|

|

|

|-

|307.45

|G47.22

|Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, Advanced sleep phase type

|-

|307.45

|G47.21

|Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, Delayed sleep phase type

|-

|307.45

|G47.23

|Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, Irregular sleep-wake type

|-

|307.45

|G47.24

|Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, Non-24-hour sleep-wake type

|-

|307.45

|G47.26

|Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, Shift work type

|-

|307.45

|G47.20

|Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, Unspecified type

|-

|

|

|

|-

|307.46

|F51.4

|Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorders, Sleep terror type

|-

|307.46

|F51.3

|Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorders, Sleepwalking type

|-

|

|

|Nightmare disorder

|-

|307.47

|F51.5

|Nightmare disorder

|-

|327.42

|G47.52

|

|-

|333.94

|G25.81

|Restless legs syndrome

|-

|

|

|

|-

|291.82

|

|Alcohol-induced sleep disorder

|-

|292.85

|

|Amphetamine (or other stimulant)-induced sleep disorder

|-

|292.85

|

|Caffeine-induced sleep disorder

|-

|292.85

|

|Cannabis-induced sleep disorder

|-

|292.85

|

|Cocaine-induced sleep disorder

|-

|292.85

|

|Opioid-induced sleep disorder

|-

|292.85

|

|Other (or unknown) substance-induced sleep disorder

|-

|292.85

|

|Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-induced sleep disorder

|-

|292.85

|

|Tobacco-induced sleep disorder

|-

|780.54

|G47.19

|Other Specified Hypersomnolence Disorder

|-

|780.54

|G47.10

|Unspecified Hypersomnolence Disorder

|-

|

|

|

|-

|

|

|Confusional Arousals

|-

|

|

|Sleepwalking

|-

|

|

|Sleep terrors

|-

|780.59

|G47.8

|

|-

|780.59

|G47.9

|

|}

{{Reflist}}

{{Medical resources

| DiseasesDB = 26877

| ICD10 = {{ICD10|F|51||f|50}}, {{ICD10|G|47||g|40}}

| ICD9 = {{ICD9|307.4}}, {{ICD9|327}}, {{ICD9|780.5}}

| ICDO =

| OMIM =

| MedlinePlus = 000800

| eMedicineSubj = med

| eMedicineTopic = 609

| MeshID = D012893

}}

Category:Sleep disorders

Category:Medical classification