Clerodendrum glandulosum

C. glandulosum is a flowering shrub or small tree, characterized by a foetid smell. It is erect reaches up to 1.5-3 m in height and is evergreen. Branchlets are usually 4-angled when young. Leaves are simple, opposite or rarely whorled. Leaf base is wedge- shaped to heart-shaped, margin entire to slightly wavy, tip long-pointed to pointed. Flowers are white and borne in 4-6-branched corymbose cymes, at the end of branches. Inflorescences loosely cymose or capitate, in terminal or rarely axillary paniculate thyrses. Calyx is campanulate or cup-shaped, densely pubescent. Corolla with a slender tube; lobes 5, spreading. Stamens 4, ovary 4-locular; ovules pendulous or laterally attached. Style with 2 acute stigmatic lobes. Fruit is a drupe with four 1-seeded pyrenes, sometimes separating into two 2-loculed or four 1-locular mericarps. It flowers during postmonsoon, from August to December.{{Cn|date=April 2024}}

Major phytochemicals in the leaves of C. glandulosum are steroids, phenolics, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannin, glycosides and reducing sugars.{{cite journal |vauthors=Adeneye AA, Adekele TI, Adeneye AK |title=Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of the aqueous fresh leaves extract of Clerodendrum capitatum in Wistar rats |journal=J Ethnopharmacol |volume=116 |issue=1 | pages=7–10 |year=2008 |pmid= 18055145|doi=10.1016/j.jep.2007.10.029}} Novel compounds are identified such as colebroside A (1), a diglucoside of fatty acid ester of glycerin.{{cite journal |vauthors=Yang H, Jiang B, Hou AJ, Lin ZW, Sun HD |title=Colebroside A, a new diglucoside of fatty acid ester of glycerin from Clerodendrum colebrookianum |journal=J Asian Nat Prod Res |volume=2 |issue=3 | pages=177–185 |year=2000 |pmid=11256691 |doi=10.1080/10286020008039909|s2cid=42525122 }} New steroids named colebrin A-E (1-5) are also identified.{{cite journal |vauthors=Yang H, Wang J, Hou AJ, Guo YP, Lin ZW, Sun HD |title=New steroids from Clerodendrum colebrookianum |journal=Fitoterapia |volume=71 |issue=6 | pages=641–648 |year=2000 |pmid=11077170 |doi=10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00223-9}} Two new C29 sterols, colebrin A and colebrin B, and clerosterol have also been isolated.{{cite journal |vauthors=Yang H, Mei SH, Jiang B, Lin ZW, Sun HD |title=Two New C29 Sterols from Clerodendrum colebrookianum |journal=Chinese Chem Lett |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=57–60 |year=2000 |url=http://www.imm.ac.cn/journal/ccl/1101/110121-0057-99296-p4.pdf |access-date=2011-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008232447/http://www.imm.ac.cn/journal/ccl/1101/110121-0057-99296-p4.pdf |archive-date=2011-10-08 |url-status=dead }}

It is a common medicinal plant used for rheumatic pains by the Khasi and Jaintia tribes of Meghalaya. It is believed that the smell of the wood relieves children from many diseases. Leaves and roots are used by Manipuri tribes for skin diseases, cough, and dysentery.{{cite journal |vauthors=Singh NR, Singh MS |title=Wild medicinal plants of Manipur included in the Red List |journal=Asian Agri History |volume=13 |issue=3 | pages=221–225 |year=2006 |url=http://www.environmentportal.in/files/Wild%20medicinal%20plants%20of%20Manipur.pdf}}Yonggam D. [http://www.apsmpb.org/pub.htm Ethno Medico-Botany of the Mishing Tribe of East Siang District of Arunachal Pradesh] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110421075933/http://apsmpb.org/pub.htm |date=2011-04-21 }} The tribal natives of Arunachal Pradesh use the leaf juice mixed with garlic extract given in treating blood pressure or cooked leaf is taken for the same.{{cite journal |vauthors=Singh J, Bhuyan TC, Ahmed A |title=Ethnobotanical studies on the Mishing tribes of Assam with special reference to food & medicinal plants-1 |journal=J Econ-Taxon Bot |volume=12 |issue=1 | pages=350–356 |year=1996 }} Among the Mizo, leaves are cooked as vegetable. Locally known as 'Anphui / Phuihnam' is popularly used to control hypertension.{{cite journal |vauthors=Sharma HK, Chhangte L, Dolui AK |title=Traditional medicinal plants in Mizoram, India |journal=Fitoterapia |volume=72 |issue=2 | pages=146–161 |year=2001 |doi=10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00278-1 |pmid=11223224}} Like their Mizo brethren, the Hmar, the Garos of Meghalaya and Kukis of Manipur, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Myanmar also used the leaves to control hypertension and as a vegetables and is known as 'Anphui' in their dialect. More often than not, is used extensively in the preparation of pork curry. It is a popular folk remedy for hypertension throughout north-eastern India.{{cite journal |vauthors=Nath SC, Bordoloi DN |title=Clerodendrum colebrookianum, a folk remedy for the treatment of hypertension in northeastern India |journal=J Pharmacog |volume=29 |issue=2 | pages=127–129 |year=1991 |doi=10.3109/13880209109082863}}{{cite journal |vauthors=Bordoloi B, Borthakur SK |title=Botanical identity of 'Phuinum' a folk Remedy for hypertension |journal=BMEBR |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=18–29 |year=1997 |url=http://www.ccras.nic.in/Publications/bmber%20botany%20list.htm |access-date=2011-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912002857/http://www.ccras.nic.in/Publications/bmber%20botany%20list.htm |archive-date=2011-09-12 |url-status=dead }}

{{Reflist}}

• [http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Clerodendrum_colebrookianum Wikispecies]
• {{GRIN}}
• [http://luirig.altervista.org/botanica/hypertext/0360.htm Botanica Sistematica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002031557/http://luirig.altervista.org/botanica/hypertext/0360.htm |date=2011-10-02 }}
• [http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cgi-bin/nome.pl?organism=482682&glo=eng Cybernome]
• [http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/East%20Indian%20Glory%20Bower.html Flowers of India]
• [http://www.virboga.de/Clerodendrum_colebrookianum.htm VIRBOGA The Virtual Botanical Garden]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5131942}}

glandulosum

Category:Medicinal plants

Category:Flora of Asia

Category:Plants described in 1844

Category:Unplaced names