Climate of London#Climate data tables
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{{climate chart
|2.68|8.42|58.83
|2.65|8.98|44.96
|4.14|11.73|38.78
|6.03|15.00|42.31
|9.08|18.37|45.91
|12.03|21.57|47.25
|14.18|23.89|45.80
|14.06|23.40|52.78
|11.62|20.22|49.61
|8.78|15.81|65.07
|5.26|11.47|66.63
|3.08|8.79|57.05
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|clear=none
}}
File:Wood Green rooftops in snow from Tottenham 02.jpg
According to the Köppen climate classification, London has a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb).{{cite web|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Koppen_World_Map_%28retouched_version%29.png|title=World Map of Köppen-Geiger climate classification|last1=Peel|first1=M.C.|last2=Finlayson|first2=B.L.|publisher=The University of Melbourne |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113015116/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Koppen_World_Map_%28retouched_version%29.png|archive-date=January 13, 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=27 June 2020}} This type of climate features cool winters with frequent cloudy skies and rain showers (and on occasion snow), and mild summers. Precipitation is fairly evenly distributed all year round.
London has a long history of meteorological observations, with precipitation records beginning as early as January 1697 at Kew Gardens.{{cite web|url=http://old.wetterzentrale.de/klima/pkewgar.html|title=Monthly precipitation totals KEW GARDENS 1697- 1987|publisher=Wetterzentrale.de|access-date=13 September 2020|archive-date=24 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224100657/http://old.wetterzentrale.de/klima/pkewgar.html|url-status=dead}} Irregular observations were made at multiple locations in the ensuing years. An observing station has been located at Greenwich since 1841, giving London its longest continuous reliable temperature series.{{cite web|url=http://old.wetterzentrale.de/klima/tgreenw.html|title=Temperaturmonatsmittel GREENWICH/MARITIME M 1841- 1960|access-date=13 September 2020|archive-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731041305/http://old.wetterzentrale.de/klima/tgreenw.html|url-status=dead}} Other stations include Heathrow, beginning in 1948,{{cite web|url=http://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ukmo-midas-open/data/uk-daily-temperature-obs/dataset-version-201908/greater-london/00708_heathrow/qc-version-1|title=Heathrow|publisher=CEDA Archive|access-date=13 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928185742/https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ukmo-midas-open/data/uk-daily-temperature-obs/dataset-version-201908/greater-london/00708_heathrow/qc-version-1|url-status=live}} Hampstead, beginning in 1910,{{cite web|url=http://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ukmo-midas-open/data/uk-daily-temperature-obs/dataset-version-201908/greater-london/00695_hampstead/qc-version-1|publisher=CEDA Archive|title=Hampstead|access-date=13 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928185736/https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ukmo-midas-open/data/uk-daily-temperature-obs/dataset-version-201908/greater-london/00695_hampstead/qc-version-1|url-status=live}} Northolt, beginning in 1948,{{cite web|url=http://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ukmo-midas-open/data/uk-daily-temperature-obs/dataset-version-201908/greater-london/00709_northolt/qc-version-1|title=Northolt|publisher=CEDA Archive|access-date=13 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928185738/https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ukmo-midas-open/data/uk-daily-temperature-obs/dataset-version-201908/greater-london/00709_northolt/qc-version-1|url-status=live}} and St James's Park, beginning in 1910.{{cite web|url=http://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ukmo-midas-open/data/uk-daily-temperature-obs/dataset-version-201908/greater-london/00697_london-st-jamess-park/qc-version-1|title=St James's park|publisher=CEDA Archive|access-date=13 September 2020|archive-date=29 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929221139/https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ukmo-midas-open/data/uk-daily-temperature-obs/dataset-version-201908/greater-london/00697_london-st-jamess-park/qc-version-1|url-status=live}}
The highest temperature ever observed in London is {{convert|40.2|C}} {{cite tweet|number=1549448971676012546|user=metoffice|title=Here are the highest temperatures across the country today 👇 At least 34 sites have exceeded the UK's previous na…|date=19 July 2022}} recorded at both Heathrow Airport and St James's Park on 19 July 2022 and the lowest is {{Convert|-17.4|C}} at Northolt on 13 December 1981.{{cite web|url=https://www.trevorharley.com/1962.html|title=1962|publisher=Trevor Harley|access-date=7 February 2021|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511113302/https://www.trevorharley.com/1962.html|url-status=live}} The lowest daily maximum temperature is {{Convert|-8.3|C}} occurring on 3 occasions: 8 January 1841, 4 January 1867 and 12 January 1987.{{cite web|url=https://www.trevorharley.com/weather-january.html|title=British weather in January|publisher=Trevor Harley|access-date=13 September 2020|archive-date=27 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427114951/https://www.trevorharley.com/weather-january.html|url-status=live}} The highest daily minimum temperature recorded is {{Convert|25.8|C}}, recorded in Kenley on 19 July 2022.{{cite news|title=Last night was hottest ever recorded with temperatures staying above 25°C|url=https://metro.co.uk/2022/07/19/uk-weather-temperatures-didnt-drop-below-25c-on-warmest-ever-night-17024857/|publisher=metro.co.uk|date=19 July 2022|accessdate=19 July 2022|archive-date=19 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719071715/https://metro.co.uk/2022/07/19/uk-weather-temperatures-didnt-drop-below-25c-on-warmest-ever-night-17024857/|url-status=live}} In addition to this, London holds multiple national records, including the record maximum for the months of February, April, May and June.{{cite web|url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-extremes|title=UK climate extremes|publisher=Met Office|access-date=13 September 2020|archive-date=13 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113114936/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-extremes|url-status=live}}
The city can sometimes experience extremes. Snowfall is an infrequent occurrence in winter, falling on an average of 16 days per year, though infrequently heavy.{{cite web|url=https://www.currentresults.com/Weather/United-Kingdom/snowfall-annual-average.php|title=Yearly Snowfall Averages for the United Kingdom|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513131827/https://www.currentresults.com/Weather/United-Kingdom/snowfall-annual-average.php|url-status=live}} Thunderstorms are a similarly occurring feature, occurring on average up to 16 days per year.{{cite web|url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/assets/metofficegovuk/pdf/research/library-and-archive/library/publications/factsheets/factsheet_2-thunderstorms.pdf|title=Thunderstorms|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215047/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/assets/metofficegovuk/pdf/research/library-and-archive/library/publications/factsheets/factsheet_2-thunderstorms.pdf|url-status=live}} London rarely experiences tornadoes, although an F2 struck Kensal Green on 7 December 2006. Severe weather and extremes in temperature are uncommon.
London is vulnerable to climate change in the United Kingdom, and there is increasing concern among hydrological experts that London households may run out of water before 2050.{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/london-water-drought-climate-change-b2079811.html?amp|title=London could run out of water in 25 years as cities worldwide face rising risk of drought, report warns |author=Saphora Smith|newspaper=The Independent|date=16 May 2022|accessdate=5 June 2022|quote=London already receives about half the amount of rain that falls in New York City, and climate change will increase the frequency and intensity of droughts in the region|archive-date=5 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605013148/https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/london-water-drought-climate-change-b2079811.html?amp|url-status=live}}
Classifications
{{Schemebox
|city =London
| source_k ={{Cite book|author=((Joint Research Centre (European Commission), University of Milano)) |url=https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/73f41d46-d3dd-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1/language-en |title=Modelling inclusion, testing and benchmarking of the impacts of ozone pollution on crop yields at regional level |date=2017-01-05 |via=publications.europa.eu |publisher=EU Publications |language=en |doi=10.2788/68501 |isbn=9789279649455 |access-date=2019-07-01 |archive-date=2 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702193809/https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/73f41d46-d3dd-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1/language-en |url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=67730&cityname=London,+England,+United+Kingdom|title=London, England Köppen Climate Classification |website=Weatherbase |access-date=2019-07-01|archive-date=22 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022145740/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=67730&cityname=London,+England,+United+Kingdom|url-status=live}}
| initial_k ={{KoppenClimate|Cfb}}
| description_k =Oceanic climate{{Efn|Also called marine west coast.|name=|group=}}
| source_t ={{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/3/ad652e/ad652e07.htm|title=GLOBAL ECOLOGICAL ZONING FOR THE GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 2000|website=www.fao.org|access-date=2019-07-01|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330221222/http://www.fao.org/3/ad652e/ad652e07.htm|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://kkh.ltrr.arizona.edu/kkh/climate/trewartha_maps.htm|title=Trewartha maps|website=kkh.ltrr.arizona.edu|access-date=2019-07-01|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417043912/https://kkh.ltrr.arizona.edu/kkh/climate/trewartha_maps.htm|url-status=live}}
| initial_t ={{TrewarthaClimate|Do}}
| description_t =Temperate oceanic climate
| initial_a ={{n/a}}
| description_a =Temperate climate{{Efn|Mid-latitude temperate maritime climate|name=|group=}}
| initial_s = {{n/a}}
| description_s =Marine west-coast
| initial_tw ={{center|C2 B'1}}
| description_tw =Moist subhumid and mesothermal
| source_n ={{Cite web|url=https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/geographie/klimaklassifikation/4159|title=Klimaklassifikation|website=www.spektrum.de|language=de|access-date=2019-07-01|archive-date=1 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701173007/https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/geographie/klimaklassifikation/4159|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.klett.de/sixcms/media.php/klett72.a.427.de/upload/klimazonen_neef.jpg|title=Klimazonen nach E. Neef (1989)|publisher=Klett-Perthes|access-date=1 July 2019|archive-date=1 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701173006/https://www.klett.de/sixcms/media.php/klett72.a.427.de/upload/klimazonen_neef.jpg|url-status=live}}
| initial_n ={{n/a}}
| description_n =West side/maritime climate
}}
Climate data tables
=London Weather Centre =
{{Weather box
|location = London Weather Centre, 2001-2009 seminormals
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 8.5
|Feb high C = 8.9
|Mar high C = 11.7
|Apr high C = 15.7
|May high C = 18.5
|Jun high C = 22.4
|Jul high C = 23.6
|Aug high C = 23.2
|Sep high C = 20.8
|Oct high C = 16.1
|Nov high C = 11.9
|Dec high C = 8.6
|Jan low C = 5.0
|Feb low C = 4.7
|Mar low C = 5.8
|Apr low C = 8.2
|May low C = 10.9
|Jun low C = 14.1
|Jul low C = 15.5
|Aug low C = 15.5
|Sep low C = 13.7
|Oct low C = 10.9
|Nov low C = 8.0
|Dec low C = 5.4
}}
=St James's Park - Weather Station near the centre of London=
{{Weather box|location = St James's Park
WMO ID: 03770; coordinates {{coord|51.50489|N|0.13099|W|type:landmark_region:GB|name=Met St James's Park|format=dms}}; elevation: {{convert|5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}; extremes 1912–present
| collapsed = y
| metric first = y
| single line = y
|Jan record high C = 16.3
|Feb record high C = 19.7
|Mar record high C = 24.3
|Apr record high C = 29.1
|May record high C = 31.7
|Jun record high C = 34.6
|Jul record high C = 40.2
|Aug record high C = 36.1
|Sep record high C = 32.5
|Oct record high C = 29.1
|Nov record high C = 20.6
|Dec record high C = 16.9
|Jan record low C = -9.4
|Feb record low C = -10.0
|Mar record low C = -5.6
|Apr record low C = -3.3
|May record low C = -0.6
|Jun record low C = 3.3
|Jul record low C = 7.2
|Aug record low C = 4.4
|Sep record low C = 1.1
|Oct record low C = -3.3
|Nov record low C = -3.9
|Dec record low C = -7.0
|source 1 = Starlings Roost Weather{{cite web|url=http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/ukobs/temp_month_record_tmax_map.php|title=Monthly Extreme Maximum Temperature|access-date=9 March 2023|publisher=Starlings Roost Weather|archive-date=1 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201173843/http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/ukobs/temp_month_record_tmax_map.php|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/ukobs/temp_month_record_tmin_map.php|title=Monthly Extreme Minimum Temperature |access-date=9 March 2023|publisher=Starlings Roost Weather|archive-date=1 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201173844/http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/ukobs/temp_month_record_tmin_map.php|url-status=live}}
|date=March 2023}}
=Heathrow - Airport Weather Station in the suburbs of West London=
= Kew Gardens - Weather Station in South West London on the banks of the River Thames =
{{Kew Gardens weatherbox}}
=Hampstead - Weather Station in North London=
The weather station enclosure is the most elevated of any in the London area, and as a result daytime temperatures are typically one degree lower than Heathrow, Kew, Northolt and Greenwich.
{{Hampstead weatherbox}}
=Northolt - Airfield Weather Station in the North West of London=
Temperature extremes range from {{convert|37.7|C|F}} in August 2003, down to {{convert|-16.1|C|F}} in January 1962.
{{Northolt weatherbox}}
=Greenwich - Weather Station in South East London near the river Thames=
{{Greenwich weatherbox}}
=Average UV index=
| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"
|+Ultraviolet index[https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/united-kingdom/london-climate#uv_index Average UV index London, United Kingdom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030061037/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/united-kingdom/london-climate#uv_index |date=30 October 2020 }} – weather-atlas.com |
| Jan
!Feb !Mar !Apr !May !Jun !Jul !Aug !Sep !Oct !Nov !Dec !Year |
|---|
| style="background:#289500;color:#000000;"|1
|style="background:#289500;color:#000000;"|1 |style="background:#289500;color:#000000;"|2 |style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;"|4 |style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;"|5 |style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;"|6 |style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;"|6 |style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;"|5 |style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;"|4 |style="background:#289500;color:#000000;"|2 |style="background:#289500;color:#000000;"|1 |style="background:#289500;color:#000000;"|0 |style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|3.4 |
See also
Notes
{{Notelist}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.bbc.com/weather/2643743 BBC Weather - Forecast for London]
- [http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/forecast/gcpvj0v07 Met Office - Forecast for London]
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:London}}