Climate of Mexico

Areas south of the twenty-fourth parallel with elevations up to {{convert|1000|m|ft|0|sp=us}} (the southern parts of both coastal plains as well as the Yucatán Peninsula), have a desert climate and a yearly median temperature between {{convert|24|and|28|°C|°F|1}}. Temperatures here remain high throughout the year, with only a {{convert|5|C-change|0}} difference between winter and summer median temperatures. Although low-lying areas north of the twenty-fourth parallel are hot and humid during the summer, they generally have lower yearly temperature averages (from {{convert|20|to|24|°C|°F|1|disp=or}}) because of more moderate conditions during the winter.

Between {{convert|1000|and|2000|m|ft|0|sp=us}}, one encounters yearly average temperatures between {{convert|16|and|20|°C|°F|1}}. Towns and cities at this elevation south of the twenty-fourth parallel have relatively constant, pleasant temperatures throughout the year, whereas more northerly locations experience sizeable seasonal variations. Above {{convert|2000|m|ft|0|sp=us}}, temperatures drop as low as an average yearly range between {{convert|8|and|12|°C|°F|1}} in the Cordillera Neovolcánica. At {{convert|2300|m|ft|0|sp=us}}, Mexico City (primarily subtropical highland climate) has a yearly median temperature of {{convert|15|°C}} with pleasant summers and mild winters. The city's daily highs and lows for May, its warmest month, average at {{convert|26|and|12|°C|°F|1}}, while for January, its coldest month, at {{convert|19|and|6|°C|°F|1}}, respectively.

File:Spring_Water_coahuila_MEXICO_-_panoramio.jpg

Rainfall varies widely both by location and season. Arid or semiarid conditions are encountered in the Baja California Peninsula, the northwestern state of Sonora, the northern altiplano, and also significant portions of the southern altiplano. Rainfall in these regions averages between {{convert|300|and|600|mm|in|1|sp=us}} per year, although even less in some areas, particularly in the state of Baja California. Average rainfall totals are between {{convert|600|and|1000|mm|in|1|sp=us}} in most of the major populated areas of the southern altiplano, including Mexico City and Guadalajara. Low-lying areas along the Gulf of Mexico receive in excess of {{convert|1000|mm|in|1|sp=us}} of rainfall in an average year, with the wettest region being the southeastern state of Tabasco, which typically receives approximately {{convert|2000|mm|in|1|sp=us}} of rainfall on an annual basis. Parts of the northern altiplano, highlands and high peaks in the Sierra Madres receive yearly snowfall. Citlaltépetl, Popocatépetl and, Iztaccíhuatl continue to support glaciers, the largest of which is the Gran Glaciar Norte.

Mexico has pronounced wet and dry seasons. Most of the country experiences a rainy season from June to mid-October and significantly less rain during the remainder of the year. February and July generally are the driest and wettest months, respectively. Mexico City, for example, receives an average of only {{convert|5|mm|in|1|sp=us}} of rain during February but more than {{convert|160|mm|in|1|sp=us}} in July. Coastal areas, especially those along the Gulf of Mexico, experience the largest amounts of rain in September. Tabasco typically records more than {{convert|300|mm|in|1|sp=us}} of rain during that month. A portion of northwestern Baja California has a Mediterranean climate influenced by the California Current, with a rainy season that occurs in winter and coastal regions receiving considerable fog. Another area of the Mediterranean climate as a result of elevation occurs in the interior of Sonora.

Mexico lies squarely within the hurricane belt, and all regions of both coasts are susceptible to these storms from June through November. Hurricanes on the Pacific coast are often less violent than those affecting Mexico's eastern coastline. Several hurricanes per year strike the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico coastline, however, and these storms bring high winds, heavy rain, extensive damage, and occasional loss of life. Hurricane Gilbert passed directly over Cancún in September 1988, with winds in excess of {{convert|200|km/h|mph|0|sp=us}}, producing major damage to hotels in the resort area. It then struck northeast Mexico, where flooding from the heavy rain killed dozens in the Monterrey area and caused extensive damage to livestock and vegetable crops.

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;Temperature

• Heat: 52.5 °C (126.5 °F) in San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora on 15 June 1966{{cite web|title=Verano peligroso; calor se acerca a 50 grados|url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/estados/2015/07/18/verano-peligroso-calor-se-acerca-50-grados|website=El Universal|language=es|quote=En los datos históricos de Conagua, la temperatura récord de 52.5 grados centígrados a la sombra fue la registrada en San Luis Río Colorado, el 15 de junio de 1966.}}
• Cold: −29 °C (−20.2 °F) in Los Lamentos, Chihuahua on 11 January 1962[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195152/http://smn.cna.gob.mx/climatologia/Diarios/8204.txt Datos Contenidos en la Base de Datos Climatológica, a Noviembre de 2011, Climatología Estadística, Los Lamentos], Servicio Meteorológico Nacional, México. Retrieved 20 November 2015

;Precipitation

• Western Hemisphere record for 24-hour rainfall: 1633.98 mm (64.33 inches) over the time period of 12:30 UTC on 21 October 2005 to 12:30 UTC 22 October 2005 on Isla Mujeres, Quintana Roo during the passage of Hurricane Wilma.{{cite web|title=A New Western Hemisphere 24-hour Rainfall Record|url=https://public-old.wmo.int/en/bulletin/new-western-hemisphere-24-hour-rainfall-record|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218171917/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/bulletin/new-western-hemisphere-24-hour-rainfall-record|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 18, 2023|website=World Meteorological Organization|language=en|date=12 November 2015}} Also the record for the Northern Hemisphere.{{cite web|title=World Meteorological Organization's World Weather & Climate Extremes Archive|url=https://wmo.asu.edu/content/world-meteorological-organization-global-weather-climate-extremes-archive|website=wmo.asu.edu|date=21 June 2023 |language=en}}

File:Large_cloud_over_Mexican_landscape.jpg

{{Excerpt|Climate change in Mexico|paragraphs=1,2|file=no}}

• Climate change in Mexico
• Geography of Mexico

{{reflist}}

• [http://smn.cna.gob.mx Official site] of the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional

{{Mexico topics}}

{{North America topic|Climate of}}

Mexico