Closterovirus
{{Short description|Genus of viruses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
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| taxon = Closterovirus
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{{Infobox rfam
| Name = 3'-terminal pseudoknot in BYV
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| caption = Predicted secondary structure of the 3'-terminal pseudoknot in BYV
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| Rfam = RF01100
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| RNA_type = Cis-reg
| Tax_domain = Closterovirus
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Closterovirus, also known as beet yellows viral group, is a genus of viruses, in the family Closteroviridae.{{cite web |title=ICTV Report Closteroviridae |url=http://www.ictv.global/report/closteroviridae}} Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 17 species in this genus.{{cite web|title=Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release|url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy|publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|access-date=9 March 2025}} Diseases associated with this genus include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem.{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/286.html|publisher=ExPASy|access-date=15 June 2015}} This genus has a probably worldwide distribution and includes among other viral species the Beet yellows virus and Citrus tristeza virus, rather economically important plant diseases. At least some species require vectors such as aphids or mealybugs for their transmission from plant to plant.
Taxonomy
The following species are assigned to the genus, listed by scientific name and followed by their common names:
- Closterovirus arracaciae, Arracacha virus 1
- Closterovirus carotae, Carrot closterovirus 1
- Closterovirus flavarctii, Burdock yellows virus
- Closterovirus flavibetae, Beet yellows virus
- Closterovirus flavicarotae, Carrot yellow leaf virus
- Closterovirus flavitritici, Wheat yellow leaf virus
- Closterovirus fragariae, Strawberry chlorotic fleck-associated virus
- Closterovirus macularubi, Raspberry leaf mottle virus
- Closterovirus menthae, Mint virus 1
- Closterovirus nanobetae, Beet yellow stunt virus
- Closterovirus necrodianthi, Carnation necrotic fleck virus
- Closterovirus rehmanniae, Rehmannia virus 1
- Closterovirus rosafolium, Rose leaf rosette-associated virus
- Closterovirus tabaci, Tobacco virus 1
- Closterovirus tristezae, Citrus tristeza virus
- Closterovirus uniribi, Blackcurrant closterovirus 1
- Closterovirus vitis, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2
RNA pseudoknot
The viral RNA molecules of some members of this genus contain four hair-pin structures and a pseudoknot in the 3'UTR.{{cite journal |vauthors=Livieratos IC, Eliasco E, Müller G |title=Analysis of the RNA of Potato yellow vein virus: evidence for a tripartite genome and conserved 3'-terminal structures among members of the genus Crinivirus |journal=J. Gen. Virol. |volume=85 |issue=Pt 7 |pages=2065–75 |date=July 2004 |pmid=15218192 |doi=10.1099/vir.0.79910-0 |display-authors=etal|doi-access=free |hdl=1887/3629824 |hdl-access=free }} These secondary structures have been found to be important in viral RNA replication.{{cite journal |vauthors=Satyanarayana T, Gowda S, Ayllón MA, Albiach-Martí MR, Dawson WO |title=Mutational analysis of the replication signals in the 3'-nontranslated region of citrus tristeza virus |journal=Virology |volume=300 |issue=1 |pages=140–52 |date=August 2002 |pmid=12202214 |doi= 10.1006/viro.2002.1550|doi-access=free }}
Life cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded rna virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement.
Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are mechanical.
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| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Closterovirus | Plants | None | Viral movement; mechanical inoculation | Viral movement | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Mechanical inoculation: insects |
Structure
Viruses in Closterovirus are non-enveloped, with flexuous and filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 10-13 nm, with a length of 1250-2200 nm. Genomes are linear, around 19.3kb in length.
| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" | |||||
| Genus | Structure || Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Closterovirus | Filamentous | Non-enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.ictv.global/report/closteroviridae ICTV Report: Closteroviridea]
- [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/286.html Viralzone: Closterovirus]
- {{cite web | title=Genus: Closterovirus - ''Closteroviridae' - Positive-sense RNA Viruses | website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses | url=http://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/positive-sense-rna-viruses/w/closteroviridae/1291/genus-closterovirus | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812190522/https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/positive-sense-rna-viruses/w/closteroviridae/1291/genus-closterovirus | url-status=dead | archive-date=12 August 2020 | access-date=2020-11-27}}
{{Baltimore classification}}
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