Cluster II (spacecraft)#Mission overview

The four identical Cluster II satellites studied the impact of the Sun's activity on the Earth's space environment by flying in formation around Earth. For the first time in space history, this mission was able to collect three-dimensional information on how the solar wind interacts with the magnetosphere and affects near-Earth space and its atmosphere, including aurorae.

The spacecraft were cylindrical (2.9 x 1.3 m, see [http://clusterlaunch.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=31381 online 3D model]) and were spinning at 15 rotations per minute. After launch, their solar cells provided 224 watts power for instruments and communications. Solar array power gradually declined as the mission progressed, due to damage by energetic charged particles, but this was planned for and the power level remains sufficient for science operations. The four spacecraft maneuvered into various tetrahedral formations to study the magnetospheric structure and boundaries. The inter-spacecraft distances could be altered and varied from around 4 to 10,000 km. The propellant for the transfer to the operational orbit, and the maneuvers to vary inter-spacecraft separation distances made up approximately half of the spacecraft's launch weight.

The highly elliptical orbits of the spacecraft initially reached a perigee of around 4 R_E (Earth radii, where 1 R_E = 6371 km) and an apogee of 19.6 R_E. Each orbit took approximately 57 hours to complete. The orbit evolved over time; the line of apsides rotated southwards so that the distance at which the orbit crossed the magnetotail current sheet progressively reduced, and a wide range of dayside magnetopause crossing latitudes were sampled. Gravitational effects imposed a long term cycle of change in the perigee (and apogee) distance, which saw the perigees reduce to a few 100 km in 2011 before beginning to rise again. The orbit plane rotated away from 90 degrees inclination. Orbit modifications by ESOC altered the orbital period to 54 hours. All these changes allowed Cluster to visit a much wider set of important magnetospheric regions than was possible for the initial 2-year mission, improving the scientific breadth of the mission.

The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) acquired telemetry and distributed to the online data centers the science data from the spacecraft. The Joint Science Operations Centre (JSOC) at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK coordinated scientific planning and in collaboration with the instrument teams provided merged instrument commanding requests to ESOC.

The [https://csa.esac.esa.int/ Cluster Science Archive] is the ESA long term archive of the Cluster and Double Star science missions. Since 1 November 2014, it is the sole public access point to the Cluster mission scientific data and supporting datasets. The Double Star data are publicly available via this archive. The Cluster Science Archive is located alongside all the other ESA science archives at the European Space Astronomy Center, located near Madrid, Spain. From February 2006 to October 2014, the Cluster data could be accessed via the [http://caa.esac.esa.int/caa/ Cluster Active Archive].

The Cluster mission was proposed to ESA in 1982 and approved in 1986, along with the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), and together these two missions constituted the Solar Terrestrial Physics "cornerstone" of ESA's Horizon 2000 missions programme. Though the original Cluster spacecraft were completed in 1995, the explosion of the Ariane 5 rocket carrying the satellites in 1996 delayed the mission by four years while new instruments and spacecraft were built.

On July 16, 2000, a Soyuz-Fregat rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome launched two of the replacement Cluster II spacecraft, (Salsa and Samba) into a parking orbit from where they maneuvered under their own power into a 19,000 by 119,000 kilometre orbit with a period of 57 hours. Three weeks later on August 9, 2000, another Soyuz-Fregat rocket lifted the remaining two spacecraft (Rumba and Tango) into similar orbits. Spacecraft 1, Rumba, was also known as the Phoenix spacecraft, since it is largely built from spare parts left over after the failure of the original mission. After commissioning of the payload, the first scientific measurements were made on February 1, 2001.

The European Space Agency ran a competition to name the satellites across all of the ESA member states.{{cite journal|url=http://www.uv.es/~maicasj/cluster-contest.pdf|title=European Space Agency Announces Contest to Name the Cluster Quartet|journal=XMM-Newton Press Release|pages=4|publisher=European Space Agency|bibcode=2000xmm..pres....4.|year=2000}} Ray Cotton, from the United Kingdom, won the competition with the names Rumba, Tango, Salsa and Samba.{{cite web|url=http://sci.esa.int/cluster/27816-bristol-and-cluster-the-link/|title=Bristol and Cluster – the link|publisher=European Space Agency|access-date=2 September 2013}} Ray's town of residence, Bristol, was awarded with scale models of the satellites in recognition of the winning entry,{{cite news|url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=5446|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130903050003/http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=5446|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 3, 2013|title=Cluster II – Scientific Update and Presentation of Model to the City of Bristol|newspaper=Spaceref|date=9 July 2001|publisher=SpaceRef Interactive Inc.}}{{cite web|url=http://sci.esa.int/cluster/27719-cluster-presentation-of-model-to-the-city-of-bristol-and-science-results-overview/|title=Cluster – Presentation of model to the city of Bristol and science results overview|publisher=European Space Agency}} as well as the city's connection with the satellites. However, after many years of being stored away, they were finally given a home at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.

Originally planned to last until the end of 2003, the mission was extended several times. The first extension took the mission from 2004 until 2005, and the second from 2005 to June 2009. The mission was ultimately extended until September 2024, when the scientific payload operations on the satellites ended. The ultimate end of the Cluster project (especially the Cluster II satellites) will happen in 2026 as the last satellite enters the atmosphere and is destroyed.

Previous single and two-spacecraft missions were not capable of providing the data required to accurately study the boundaries of the magnetosphere. Because the plasma comprising the magnetosphere cannot be viewed using remote sensing techniques, satellites must be used to measure it in-situ. Four spacecraft allowed scientists make the 3D, time-resolved measurements needed to create a realistic picture of the complex plasma interactions occurring between regions of the magnetosphere and between the magnetosphere and the solar wind.

Each satellite carried a scientific payload of 11 instruments designed to study the small-scale plasma structures in space and time in the key plasma regions: solar wind, bow shock, magnetopause, polar cusps, magnetotail, plasmapause boundary layer and over the polar caps and the auroral zones.

• The bow shock is the region in space between the Earth and the Sun where the solar wind decelerates from super- to sub-sonic before being deflected around the Earth. In traversing this region, the spacecraft made measurements which helped characterize processes occurring at the bow shock, such as the origin of hot flow anomalies and the transmission of electromagnetic waves through the bow shock and the magnetosheath from the solar wind.
• Behind the bow shock is the thin plasma layer separating the Earth and solar wind magnetic fields known as the magnetopause. This boundary moves continuously due to the constant variation in solar wind pressure. Since the plasma and magnetic pressures within the solar wind and the magnetosphere, respectively, should be in equilibrium, the magnetosphere should be an impenetrable boundary. However, plasma has been observed crossing the magnetopause into the magnetosphere from the solar wind. Cluster's four-point measurements made it possible to track the motion of the magnetopause as well as elucidate the mechanism for plasma penetration from the solar wind.
• In two regions, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern, the magnetic field of the Earth is perpendicular rather than tangential to the magnetopause. These polar cusps allow solar wind particles, consisting of ions and electrons, to flow into the magnetosphere. Cluster recorded the particle distributions, which allowed the turbulent regions at the exterior cusps to be characterized.
• The regions of the Earth's magnetic field that are stretched by the solar wind away from the Sun are known collectively as the magnetotail. Two lobes that reach past the Moon in length form the outer magnetotail while the central plasma sheet forms the inner magnetotail, which is highly active. Cluster monitored particles from the ionosphere and the solar wind as they passed through the magnetotail lobes. In the central plasma sheet, Cluster determined the origins of ion beams and disruptions to the magnetic field-aligned currents caused by substorms.
• The precipitation of charged particles in the atmosphere creates a ring of light emission around the magnetic pole known as the auroral zone. Cluster measured the time variations of transient particle flows and electric and magnetic fields in the region.

In 2003 and 2004, the China National Space Administration launched the Double Star satellites, TC-1 and TC-2, that worked together with Cluster to make coordinated measurements mostly within the magnetosphere. TC-1 stopped operating on 14 October 2007. The last data from TC-2 was received in 2008. TC-2 made a contribution to magnetar science{{cite journal

| author = Schwartz, S.

| title = A γ-ray giant flare from SGR1806-20: evidence for crustal cracking via initial timescales

| journal = The Astrophysical Journal

| volume = 627

| page = L129–L132

| year = 2005

|arxiv = astro-ph/0504056 |bibcode = 2005ApJ...627L.129S |doi = 10.1086/432374

| issue = 2 | s2cid = 119371524

|display-authors=etal}}{{Cite web|date=September 21, 2005|title=ESA Science & Technology - Double Star and Cluster observe first evidence of crustal cracking|url=https://sci.esa.int/web/cluster/-/37944-double-star-and-cluster-reveal-crustal-cracking-on-a-magnetar|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-14|website=sci.esa.int|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201144704/https://sci.esa.int/web/cluster/-/37944-double-star-and-cluster-reveal-crustal-cracking-on-a-magnetar |archive-date=2020-02-01 }} as well as to magnetospheric physics. The TC-1 examined density holes near the Earth's bow shock that can play a role in bow shock formation{{Cite web|date=June 20, 2006|title=ESA Science & Technology - Cluster and Double Star discover density holes in the solar wind|url=https://sci.esa.int/web/double-star/-/39559-cluster-and-double-star-discover-density-holes-in-the-solar-wind|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-14|website=sci.esa.int|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829204211/https://sci.esa.int/web/double-star/-/39559-cluster-and-double-star-discover-density-holes-in-the-solar-wind |archive-date=2021-08-29 }}{{Cite web|last=Britt|first=Robert Roy|date=June 20, 2006|title=CNN.com - Earth surrounded by giant fizzy bubbles - Jun 20, 2006|url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/TECH/space/06/20/space.bubbles/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-14|website=www.cnn.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060622145225/http://www.cnn.com:80/2006/TECH/space/06/20/space.bubbles/index.html |archive-date=2006-06-22 }} and looked at neutral sheet oscillations.{{Cite web|date=March 30, 2006|title=ESA Science & Technology - Cluster and Double Star reveal the extent of neutral sheet oscillations|url=https://sci.esa.int/web/double-star/-/38999-cluster-and-double-star-reveal-the-extent-of-neutral-sheet-oscillations|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-14|website=sci.esa.int|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418194124/https://sci.esa.int/web/double-star/-/38999-cluster-and-double-star-reveal-the-extent-of-neutral-sheet-oscillations |archive-date=2021-04-18 }}

Cluster team awards:

• 2024 British Interplanetary Society Sir Arthur Clarke Award to the UK Cluster Mission Team
• 2019 Royal Astronomical Society Group Achievement Award{{cite web |title=Citation for the 2019 RAS Group Achievement Award (G): The Cluster Science and Operations teams |url=https://ras.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2019-01/awards/Group%20Achievement%20Award%20-%20Cluster.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017093637/https://ras.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2019-01/awards/Group%20Achievement%20Award%20-%20Cluster.pdf |archive-date=17 October 2023 |url-status=live }}
• 2015 ESA 15th anniversary award
• 2013 ESA team award
• 2010 International Academy of Astronautics Laurels for team achievements for Cluster and Double Star teams{{cite web |title=Laurels for Cluster-Double Star teams |url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Cluster/Laurels_for_Cluster-Double_Star_teams |publisher=ESA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017093653/https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Cluster/Laurels_for_Cluster-Double_Star_teams |archive-date=17 October 2023 |date=28 September 2010 |url-status=live }}
• 2005 ESA Cluster 5th anniversary award
• 2004 NASA group achievement award
• 2000 Popular science best of what's new award
• 2000 ESA Cluster launch award

Individual awards:

• 2023 Hermann Opgenoorth (Univ. of Umea, Sweden), former Cluster Ground Based Working Group lead, was awarded the 2023 EGU Julius Bartels Medal{{cite web |title=EGU announces its 2023 awards and medals! |url=https://www.egu.eu/news/937/egu-announces-its-2023-awards-and-medals/ |publisher=European Geosciences Union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307162827/https://www.egu.eu/news/937/egu-announces-its-2023-awards-and-medals/ |archive-date=7 March 2023 |date=30 November 2022 |url-status=live}}
• 2020 Daniel Graham (Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden) was awarded the COSPAR Zeldovich medal{{cite web |last1=Nilsson |first1=Anne Klint |title=Young IRF scientist awarded a Zeldovich Medal |url=https://www.irf.se/en/news/2020/05/08/young-irf-scientist-awarded-a-zeldovich-medal/ |publisher=Swedish Institute of Space Physics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017093742/https://www.irf.se/en/news/2020/05/08/young-irf-scientist-awarded-a-zeldovich-medal/ |archive-date=17 October 2023 |date=8 May 2020 |url-status=live}}
• 2019 Margaret Kivelson (UCLA, USA), Cluster FGM CoI, received RAS gold medal{{cite web |title=Citation for the 2019 RAS 'G' Gold Medal: Professor Margaret Kivelson |url=https://ras.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2019-01/awards/Gold%20Medal%20-%20Margaret%20Kivelson.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017093635/https://ras.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2019-01/awards/Gold%20Medal%20-%20Margaret%20Kivelson.pdf |archive-date=17 October 2023 |url-status=live}}
• 2018 Hermann Opgenoorth (Univ. of Umea, Sweden), former Cluster Ground Based Working Group lead, was awarded the 2018 Baron Marcel Nicolet Space Weather and Space Climate medal{{cite web |title=ESSC member, Prof Hermann J Opgenoorth, awarded the Baron Marcel Nicolet Space Weather Medal 2018 |url=http://www.esf.org/newsroom/news-and-press-releases/article/essc-member-prof-hermann-j-opgenoorth-awarded-the-baron-marcel-nicolet-space-weather-medal-2018/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126144803/http://www.esf.org/newsroom/news-and-press-releases/article/essc-member-prof-hermann-j-opgenoorth-awarded-the-baron-marcel-nicolet-space-weather-medal-2018/ |archive-date=26 November 2018 |date=7 November 2018 |url-status=dead}}
• 2016 Stephen Fuselier (SWRI, USA), Cluster CIS CoI, received EGU Hannes Alfvén Meda{{cite web |title=Stephen A. Fuselier |url=https://www.egu.eu/awards-medals/hannes-alfven/2016/stephen-a-fuselier/ |website=Hannes Alfvén Medal 2016 |publisher=European Geosciences Union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017093634/https://www.egu.eu/awards-medals/hannes-alfven/2016/stephen-a-fuselier/ |archive-date=17 October 2023 |url-status=live}}
• 2016 Mike Hapgood, Cluster mission scientific operations expert was awarded the Baron Marcel Nicolet Medal for Space Weather and Space Climate{{cite web |title=UK Space Weather Expert wins prestigious international award |url=http://www.stfc.ac.uk/news/uk-space-weather-expert-wins-prestigious-international-award/ |publisher=Science and Technology Facilities Council |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116164221/http://www.stfc.ac.uk/news/uk-space-weather-expert-wins-prestigious-international-award/ |archive-date=16 November 2016 |date=15 November 2016 |url-status=dead}}
• 2014 Rumi Nakamura (IWF, Austria), Cluster CIS/EDI/FGM CoI, received EGU Julius Bartels Medal{{cite web |title=Rumi Nakamura |url=https://www.egu.eu/awards-medals/julius-bartels/2014/rumi-nakamura/ |website=Julius Bartels Medal 2014 |publisher=European Geosciences Union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017093637/https://www.egu.eu/awards-medals/julius-bartels/2014/rumi-nakamura/ |archive-date=17 October 2023 |url-status=live}}
• 2013 Mike Hapgood (RAL, UK), Cluster JSOC project scientist received RAS service award{{cite web |title=Service Award |url=http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/2210-winners-of-the-2013-awards-medals-and-prizes#service |website=Winners of the 2013 awards, medals and prizes - full details |publisher=Royal Astronomical Society |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130319091432/http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/2210-winners-of-the-2013-awards-medals-and-prizes#service |archive-date=19 March 2013 |url-status=dead}}
• 2013 Göran Marklund, EFW Co-I, received the EGU Hannes Alfvén Medal 2013.{{cite web |title=Göran Marklund |url=https://www.egu.eu/awards-medals/hannes-alfven/2013/goran-marklund/ |website=Hannes Alfvén Medal 2013 |publisher=European Geosciences Union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017093636/https://www.egu.eu/awards-medals/hannes-alfven/2013/goran-marklund/ |archive-date=17 October 2023 |url-status=live}}
• 2013 Steve Milan, Cluster Ground based representative of the Cluster mission received UK Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) Chapman medal{{cite web |title=Chapman Medal (G) |url=http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/2210-winners-of-the-2013-awards-medals-and-prizes#chapman |website=Winners of the 2013 awards, medals and prizes - full details |publisher=Royal Astronomical Society |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130319091432/http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/2210-winners-of-the-2013-awards-medals-and-prizes#chapman |archive-date=19 March 2013 |url-status=dead}}
• 2012 Andrew Fazakerley, Cluster and Double Star PI (PEACE), received the Royal Astronomical Society Chapman Medal{{cite web |title=Chapman Medal Winners |url=https://ras.ac.uk/sites/default/files/chapman_medallists.pdf |publisher=Royal Astronomical Society |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017093636/https://ras.ac.uk/sites/default/files/chapman_medallists.pdf |archive-date=17 October 2023 |url-status=live}}
• 2012 Zuyin Pu (Pekin U., China), RAPID/CIS/FGM CoI, received AGU International Award{{cite journal |title=Zuyin Pu Receives 2012 International Award: Response |journal=Eos |date=15 January 2013 |volume=94 |issue=3 |pages=35–36 |doi=10.1002/2013EO030019 |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2013EO030019 |publisher=American Geophysical Union |last1=Pu |first1=Zuyin |bibcode=2013EOSTr..94...35P }}
• 2012 Jolene Pickett (Iowa U., USA), a Cluster WBD PI, received the State of Iowa Board of Regents Staff Excellence{{cite press release |title=UI staff, faculty honored for excellence |url=http://now.uiowa.edu/2012/10/excellence-awards-2012 |publisher=University of Iowa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427101132/http://now.uiowa.edu/2012/10/excellence-awards-2012 |archive-date=27 April 2013 |date=10 October 2012 |url-status=dead}}
• 2012 Jonathan Eastwood (Imperial College, UK), FGM Co-I, received COSPAR Yakov B. Zeldovich medal{{cite web |title=Zeldovich Medals |url=https://cosparhq.cnes.fr/awards/zeldovich-medals/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006120931/https://cosparhq.cnes.fr/awards/zeldovich-medals/ |archive-date=6 October 2023 |url-status=live}}
• 2008 Andre Balogh (Imperial College, UK), Cluster FGM PI, received RAS Chapman medal{{cite journal |title=Prof. André Balogh |journal=Astronomy & Geophysics |date=February 2008 |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=1.36 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-4004.2008.49135_5.x |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-4004.2008.49135_5.x |publisher=Royal Astronomical Society |issn=1468-4004}}
• 2006 Steve Schwartz (QMW, UK), Cluster UK data system scientist and PEACE co-I, received RAS Chapman medal

• September 8 - Re-entry of SALSA (Cluster 2) satellite, the first of the Cluster II satellites to re-enter the atmosphere{{cite news |last1=Foust |first1=Jeff |title=ESA performs targeted reentry of Cluster satellite |url=https://spacenews.com/esa-performs-targeted-reentry-of-cluster-satellite/ |publisher=SpaceNews |date=September 9, 2024 |access-date=September 9, 2024 }}

• April 28 - Magnetic reconnection at high and low latitudes during the passage of an ICME{{cite journal

| title = Multispacecraft Observations of the Simultaneous Occurrence of Magnetic Reconnection at High and Low Latitudes During the Passage of a Solar Wind Rotational Discontinuity Embedded in the April 9-11, 2015 ICME

| author = Wing, S.

| author2 = Berchem, J.

| author3 = Escoubet, C.P.|display-authors = etal

| journal = Geophys. Res. Lett.

| doi = 10.1029/2023GL103194

| year = 2023

| volume = 50

| issue = 9

| bibcode = 2023GeoRL..5003194W

| doi-access = free

}}

• March 24 - Properties of the Martian Magnetotail compared Cluster data in the Earth magnetotail{{cite journal

| title = Properties of Flapping Current Sheet of the Martian Magnetotail

| author = Zhang, C.

| author2 = Rong, Z.

| author3 = Zhang, L.|display-authors = etal

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| doi = 10.1029/2022JA031232

| year = 2023

| volume = 128

| issue = 4

| bibcode = 2023JGRA..12831232Z

| s2cid = 257752946

}}

• March 23 - Scaling laws for the energy transfer in space plasma turbulence{{cite journal

| title = Scaling laws for the energy transfer in space plasma turbulence

| author = Marino, R.

| author2 = Sorriso-Valvo, L.

| journal = Physics Reports

| doi = 10.1016/j.physrep.2022.12.001

| year = 2023

| volume = 1006

| page = 1-144

| bibcode = 2023PhR..1006....1M

| s2cid = 255209931

| doi-access = free

}}

• March 01 - Turbulent MHD cascade in the Jovian magnetosheath compared to Cluster measurements{{cite journal

| title = Observation of Turbulent Magnetohydrodynamic Cascade in the Jovian Magnetosheath

| author = Andrés, N.

| author2 = Bandyopadhyay, R.

| author3 = McComas, D.J.|display-authors = etal

| journal = Astrophysical Journal

| doi = 10.3847/1538-4357/acb7e0

| year = 2023

| volume = 945

| issue = 8

| page = 8

| arxiv = 2209.05386

| bibcode = 2023ApJ...945....8A

| doi-access = free

}}

• January 26 - Evidence for lunar tide effects in Earth’s plasmasphere{{cite journal

| title = Evidence for lunar tide effects in Earth's plasmasphere

| author = Xiao, C.

| author2 = He, F.

| author3 = Shi, Q.Q.|display-authors = etal

| journal = Nature Physics

| doi = 10.1038/s41567-022-01882-8

| year = 2023

| volume = 19

| issue = 4

| pages = 486–491

| bibcode = 2023NatPh..19..486X

| doi-access = free

}}

• January 20 - Ion Outflow in Middle Altitude LLBL/Cusp from Different Origins{{cite journal

| title = Cluster Observation of Ion Outflow in Middle Altitude LLBL/Cusp from Different Origins

| author = Li, B.

| author2 = Yang, H.

| author3 = Sun, J.|display-authors = etal

| journal = Magnetochemistry

| doi = 10.3390/magnetochemistry9020039

| year = 2023

| volume = 9

| issue = 2

| page = 39

| doi-access = free

}}

• December 05 - Magnetosphere distortions during the “satellite killer” storm of February 3–4, 2022{{cite journal

| title = Magnetosphere distortions during the "satellite killer" storm of February 3–4, 2022, as derived from a hybrid empirical model and archived data mining

| author = Tsyganenko, N.A.

| author2 = Andreeva, V.A.

| author3 = Sitnov, M.I.

| author4 = Stephens, G.K.

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 127

| issue = 12

| doi = 10.1029/2022JA031006

| year = 2022

| bibcode = 2022JGRA..12731006T

| s2cid = 254300251

| doi-access = free

}}

• October 14 - New insights on the formation of transpolar auroral arc{{cite journal

| title = The Dawn-Dusk Tail Lobe Magnetotail Configuration and the Formation of Aurora Transpolar Arc

| author = Li, W.

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 127

| issue = 10| doi = 10.1029/2022JA030676

| year = 2022

| bibcode = 2022JGRA..12730676L

| s2cid = 252929937

}}

• September 20 - A highway for atmospheric ion escape from Earth during the impact of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection{{cite journal

| title = A highway for atmospheric ion escape from Earth during the impact of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection

| author = Zhang, H.

| journal = Astrophysical Journal

| volume = 937

| issue = 4

| doi = 10.3847/1538-4357/ac8a93

| year = 2022

| page = 4

| bibcode = 2022ApJ...937....4Z

| s2cid = 252306675

| doi-access = free

}}

• August 03 - Joint Cluster/ground-based studies in the first 20 years of the Cluster mission{{cite journal

| title = Joint Cluster/ground-based studies in the first 20 years of the Cluster mission

| author = Fear, R.C.

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 127

| issue = 8

| doi = 10.1029/2021JA029928

| year = 2022

| bibcode = 2022JGRA..12729928F

| s2cid = 251333661

| url = https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/471515/1/JGR_Space_Physics_2022_Fear_Joint_Cluster_Ground_Based_Studies_in_the_First_20_Years_of_the_Cluster_Mission.pdf

}}

• July 18 – In situ observation of a magnetopause indentation that is correspondent to throat aurora and is caused by magnetopause reconnection{{cite journal

| title = In situ observation of a magnetopause indentation that is correspondent to throat aurora and is caused by magnetopause reconnection

| author = Qiu, H.

| author2= Han, D.-S.|display-authors = etal

| journal = Geophys. Res. Lett.

| volume = 49

| issue = 15

| doi = 10.1029/2022GL099408

| year = 2022

| bibcode = 2022GeoRL..4999408Q

| s2cid = 250718001

}}

• June 16 - Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices as an interplay of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere coupling{{cite journal

| title = Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices as an interplay of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere coupling

| author = Hwang, K.-J.

| author2 = Weygand, J.M.

| author3 = Sibeck, D.G.|display-authors = etal

| journal = Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences

| doi = 10.3389/fspas.2022.895514

| year = 2022

| volume = 9

| page = 895514

| bibcode = 2022FrASS...9.5514H

| doi-access = free

}}

• June 02 - ESA highlight: Magnetic vortices explain mysterious auroral beads{{cite web |title=Magnetic vortices explain mysterious auroral beads |url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Cluster/Magnetic_vortices_explain_mysterious_auroral_beads |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228124732/https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Cluster/Magnetic_vortices_explain_mysterious_auroral_beads |archive-date=28 December 2022 |date=2 June 2022 |url-status=live}}{{cite journal

| title = Multi-Spacecraft Observations of Fluctuations Occurring Along the Dusk Flank Magnetopause, and Testing the Connection to an Observed Ionospheric Bead

| author = Petrinec, S.M.

| author2 = Wing, S.

| author3 = Johnson, R.

| author4 = Zhang, Y.|display-authors = etal

| journal = Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences

| doi = 10.3389/fspas.2022.827612

| year = 2022

| volume = 9

| page = 827612

| bibcode = 2022FrASS...927612P

| doi-access = free

}}

• May 16 - The influence of localized dynamics on dusk-dawn convection in the Earth’s magnetotail{{cite journal

| title = The influence of localized dynamics on dusk-dawn convection in the Earth's magnetotail

| author = Lane, J.H.

| author2 = Grocott, A.

| author3 = Case, N.A.

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 127

| issue = 5

| doi = 10.1029/2021JA030057

| year = 2022

| bibcode = 2022JGRA..12730057L

| s2cid = 248850580

| doi-access = free

}}

• April 1 - Dawn-dusk ion flow asymmetry in the plasma sheet{{cite journal

| title = Dawn-dusk ion flow asymmetry in the plasma sheet

| author = Chong, G.S.

| author2 = Pitkänen, T.

| author3 = Hamrin, M.

| author4 = Kullen, A.

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 127

| issue = 4

| doi = 10.1029/2021JA030208

| year = 2022

| s2cid = 247652250

| url = http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-194471

| doi-access = free

}}

• February 1 - South Pole Station ground-based and Cluster satellite measurements of leaked and escaping Auroral Kilometric Radiation{{cite journal

| title = South Pole Station ground-based and Cluster satellite measurements of leaked and escaping Auroral Kilometric Radiation

| author = LaBelle, J.

| author2 = Yearby, K.

| author3 = Pickett, J.S.

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 127

| issue = 2

| doi = 10.1029/2021JA029399

| year = 2022

| bibcode = 2022JGRA..12729399L

| s2cid = 246333134

| url = https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/183355/1/JGR%20Space%20Physics%20-%202022%20-%20LaBelle%20-%20South%20Pole%20Station%20Ground%E2%80%90Based%20and%20Cluster%20Satellite%20Measurements%20of%20Leaked%20and.pdf

}}

• January 1 - Massive multi-mission statistical study and analytical modeling of the Earth's magnetopause{{cite journal

| title = Massive multi-mission statistical study and analytical modeling of the Earth's magnetopause

| author = Nguyen, G.

| author2 = Aunai, N.

| author3 = Michotte de Welle, B.

| author4 = Jeandet, A.

| author5 = Lavraud, B.

| author6 = Fontaine, D.

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 127

| issue = 1

| doi = 10.1029/2021JA029773

| year = 2022

| s2cid = 245248549

| url = https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03841293/file/nguyen2022a.pdf

}}

• December 15 - ESA highlight: Swarm and Cluster get to the bottom of geomagnetic storms{{cite web |title=Swarm and Cluster get to the bottom of geomagnetic storms |url=https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/FutureEO/Swarm/Swarm_and_Cluster_get_to_the_bottom_of_geomagnetic_storms |publisher=ESA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111190459/https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/FutureEO/Swarm/Swarm_and_Cluster_get_to_the_bottom_of_geomagnetic_storms |archive-date=11 January 2024 |date=15 December 2021 |url-status=live}}{{cite journal

| title = Intense dB/dt variations driven by near-Earth bursty bulk flows (BBFs): A case study

| author = Wei, D.

| author2 = Dunlop, M.|display-authors = etal

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 48

| doi = 10.1029/2020GL091781

| year = 2021

| issue = 4

| bibcode = 2021GeoRL..4891781W

| s2cid = 234111026

| doi-access = free

}}

• November 7 - Unique MMS and Cluster observations about magnetic reconnection extent at the magnetopause{{cite journal

| title = Solar Wind—Magnetosphere Coupling During Radial Interplanetary Magnetic Field Conditions: Simultaneous Multi-Point Observations

| author = Toledo-Rodeondo, S.|display-authors = etal

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 126

| issue = 11

| doi = 10.1029/2021JA029506

| year = 2021

| bibcode = 2021JGRA..12629506T| hdl = 10481/72025| s2cid = 243961209| url = https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029506

| hdl-access = free

}}

• November 2 - Spatial distribution of energetic protons in the magnetosphere based on 17 years of data{{cite journal

| title = Prediction of Soft Proton Intensities in the Near-Earth Space Using Machine Learning

| author = Kronberg, E.|display-authors = etal

| journal = Astrophysical Journal

| volume = 921

| issue = 1

| doi = 10.3847/1538-4357/ac1b30

| year = 2021

| page = 76| arxiv = 2105.15108| bibcode = 2021ApJ...921...76K| s2cid = 235254767| doi-access = free}}

• October 11 - Unique MMS and Cluster observation of disturbances in the near-Earth magnetotail before a magnetic substorm{{cite journal

| title = Thin Current Sheet Behind the Dipolarization Front

| author = Nakamura, R.|display-authors = etal

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 126

| issue = 10

| doi = 10.1029/2021JA029518

| year = 2021

| arxiv = 2208.12671| bibcode = 2021JGRA..12629518N| s2cid = 241861877| url = https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029518

}}

• September 7 - AGU EOS spotlight: Understanding Aurora Formation with ESA’s Cluster Mission{{cite journal

| title = Cluster Multi-Probing of the Aurora During Two Decades

| author = Marklund, G.

| author2 = Lindqvist, P.-A.

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 126

| issue = 6

| doi = 10.1029/2021JA029497

| year = 2021

| bibcode = 2021JGRA..12629497M

| s2cid = 236271440

| doi-access = free

}}

• May 2 - Cluster and MMS uncover anisotropic spatial correlation functions at kinetic range in the magnetosheath turbulence{{cite journal

| title = Multi-spacecraft measurement of anisotropic spatial correlation functions at kinetic range in the magnetosheath turbulence

| author = Huang, S.Y.|display-authors = etal

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 126

| doi = 10.1029/2020JA028780

| year = 2021

| issue = 5| bibcode = 2021JGRA..12628780H| s2cid = 235556211| url = https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028780

}}

• April 9 - The Solar-cycle Variations of the Anisotropy of Taylor Scale and Correlation Scale in the Solar Wind Turbulence{{cite journal

| title = The Solar-cycle Variations of the Anisotropy of Taylor Scale and Correlation Scale in the Solar Wind Turbulence

| author = Zhou, H.

| author2 = He, H.-Q.

| journal = Astrophysical Journal Letters

| volume = 911

| doi = 10.3847/2041-8213/abef00

| year = 2021

| issue = 1

| pages = L2

| arxiv = 2104.04920

| bibcode = 2021ApJ...911L...2Z

| s2cid = 233210154

| doi-access = free

}}

• February 18 - Heavy Metal and Rock in Space: Cluster RAPID Observations of Fe and Si{{cite journal

| title = Heavy Metal and Rock in Space: Cluster RAPID Observations of Fe and Si

| author = Haaland, S.|display-authors = etal

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 126

| doi = 10.1029/2020JA028852

| year = 2021

| issue = 3| bibcode = 2021JGRA..12628852H| s2cid = 233922057| doi-access = free

| hdl = 11250/2838752

| hdl-access = free

}}

• December 1 - Cluster, Helios and Ulysses reveal characteristics of solar wind supra thermal halo electrons{{cite journal

| title = Characteristics of solar wind suprathermal halo electrons

| author = Lazar, M.

| author2 = Pierrard, S.

| journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics

| volume = 642

| issue = A130

| doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/202038830

| year = 2020

| pages = A130

| bibcode = 2020A&A...642A.130L

| s2cid = 229028809

| url = https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/661643

| doi-access = free

}}

• November 1 - Cluster, Swam and CHAMP join forces to explain hemispheric asymmetries in the Earth magnetotail{{cite journal

| title = Seasonal and hemispheric asymmetries of F region polar cap plasma density: Swarm and CHAMP observations

| author = Hatch, S.M.

| author2 = Haaland, S.

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 125

| issue = 11

| pages = e2020JA028084

| doi = 10.1029/2020JA028084

| year = 2020

| bibcode = 2020JGRA..12528084H

| doi-access = free

}}

• October 21 - Space plasma regimes classified with Cluster data{{cite journal

| title = Using Dimensionality Reduction and Clustering Techniques to Classify Space Plasma Regimes

| author = Bakrania, M.R.

| author2 = Rae, I.J.

| author3 = Walsh, A.P.

| journal = Front. Astron. Space Sci.

| volume = 7

| issue = 80

| doi = 10.3389/fspas.2020.593516

| year = 2020

| page = 80

| arxiv = 2009.10466

| bibcode = 2020FrASS...7...80B

| doi-access = free

}}

• October 1 - Effects of Solar Activity on Taylor Scale and Correlation Scale in Solar Wind Magnetic Fluctuations{{cite journal

| title = Effects of Solar Activity on Taylor Scale and Correlation Scale in Solar Wind Magnetic Fluctuations

| author = Zhou, G.

| author2 = He, H.-Q.

| author3 = Wan, W.

| journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters

| volume = 899

| issue = L32

| doi = 10.3847/2041-8213/abaaa9

| year = 2020

| pages = L32

| arxiv = 2008.08542

| bibcode = 2020ApJ...899L..32Z

| doi-access = free

}}

• September 1 - Van Allen Probes and Cluster join forces to study Outer Radiation Belt Electrons{{cite journal

| title = Outer Radiation Belt Electron Lifetime Model Based on Combined Van Allen Probes and Cluster VLF Measurements

| author = Aryan, H.

| author2 = Agapitov, O.V.

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 125

| issue = 8

| pages = e2020JA028018

| doi = 10.1029/2020JA028018

| year = 2020

| bibcode = 2020JGRA..12528018A

| doi-access = free

}}

• August 9 - Cluster’s 20 years of studying Earth’s magnetosphere], celebrating 20 years after the launch of the second pair of Cluster spacecraft{{cite web |title=Cluster's 20 years of studying Earth's magnetosphere |url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Cluster/Cluster_s_20_years_of_studying_Earth_s_magnetosphere |publisher=ESA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126084138/https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Cluster/Cluster_s_20_years_of_studying_Earth_s_magnetosphere |archive-date=26 January 2024 |date=7 August 2020}}
• July 31 - ESA science highlight: Auroral substorms triggered by short circuiting of plasma flows{{cite web |title=Auroral substorms triggered by 'short circuiting' of plasma flows |url=https://sci.esa.int/web/cluster/-/auroral-substorms-triggered-by-short-circuiting-of-plasma-flows |publisher=ESA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017095214/https://sci.esa.int/web/cluster/-/auroral-substorms-triggered-by-short-circuiting-of-plasma-flows |archive-date=17 October 2023 |date=31 July 2020 |url-status=live}}{{cite journal

| title = Prebreakup Arc Intensification due to Short Circuiting of Mesoscale Plasma Flows Over the Plasmapause

| author = Mishin, E.

| author2 = Streltsov, A.

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 125

| issue = 5

| pages = e2019JA027666

| doi = 10.1029/2019JA027666

| year = 2020

| bibcode = 2020JGRA..12527666M

| doi-access = free

}}

• July 16 - BBC skyatnight podcast with Dr. Mike Hapgood on 20 years of ESA’s Cluster mission,{{cite web |title=Podcast: 20 years of ESA's Cluster mission |url=https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/podcasts/esa-cluster-mission/ |website=Sky at Night |publisher=BBC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017093716/https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/podcasts/esa-cluster-mission |archive-date=17 October 2023 |date=15 July 2020 |url-status=live}} celebrating 20 years after the launch of the first pair of Cluster satellites
• April 20 - What drives some of the largest and most dynamic auroral forms?{{cite journal

| title = Physical Processes of Meso-Scale, Dynamic Auroral Forms

| author = Forsyth, C.

| author2 = Sergeev, V.A.

| author3 = Henderson, M.G.

| author4 = Nishimura, Y.

| author5 = Gallardo-Lacourt, B.

| journal = Space Sci. Rev.

| volume = 216

| issue = 3

| doi = 10.1007/s11214-020-00665-y

| year = 2020

| page = 46

| bibcode = 2020SSRv..216...46F

| doi-access = free

}}

• March 19 - ESA science highlight: Iron is everywhere in Earth's vicinity, suggest two decades of Cluster data{{cite web |title=Iron is everywhere in Earth's vicinity, suggest two decades of Cluster data |url=https://sci.esa.int/web/cluster/-/iron-is-everywhere-in-earth-s-vicinity-suggest-two-decades-of-cluster-data |publisher=ESA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017093635/https://sci.esa.int/web/cluster/-/iron-is-everywhere-in-earth-s-vicinity-suggest-two-decades-of-cluster-data |archive-date=17 October 2023 |date=19 March 2020 |url-status=live}}{{cite journal

| title = Suprathermal Fe in the Earth's plasma environment: Cluster RAPID observations

| author = Haaland, S.

| author2 = Daly, P.W.

| author3 = Vilenius, E.

| author4 = Dandouras, I.

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 125

| issue = 2

| pages = e2019JA027596

| doi = 10.1029/2019JA027596

| year = 2020

| bibcode = 2020JGRA..12527596H

| doi-access = free

}}

• February 27 - What makes Kelvin Helmholtz vortices grow at the Earth's magnetopause?{{cite journal

| title = Effects of Fluctuating Magnetic Field on the Growth of the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability at the Earth's Magnetopause

| author = Nakamura, T.K.M.

| author2 = Stawarz, J.E.

| author3 = Hasegawa, H.

| author4 = Narita, Y.

| author5 = Franci, L.

| author6 = Narita, Y.

| author7 = Nakamura, R.

| author8 = Nystrom, W.D

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 125

| issue = 3

| pages = e2019JA027515

| doi = 10.1029/2019JA027515

| year = 2020

| bibcode = 2020JGRA..12527515N

| s2cid = 212953719

| url = https://doi.org//10.1029/2019JA027515

}}

• December 23 - Magnetized dust clouds penetrate the terrestrial bow shock{{cite journal

| title = First observations of the disruption of the Earth's foreshock wave field during magnetic clouds

| author = Lai, H.R.

| author2 = Russell, C.T.

| author3 = Jia, Y.D.

| author4 = Connors, M.

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 46

| issue = 24

| pages = 14282–14289

| doi = 10.1029/2019GL085818

| year = 2019

| s2cid = 213497617

}}

• November 18 - Earth’s magnetic song recorded for the first time during a solar storm{{cite web |title=Earth's magnetic song recorded for the first time during a solar storm |url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Earth_s_magnetic_song_recorded_for_the_first_time_during_a_solar_storm |publisher=ESA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920153736/https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Earth_s_magnetic_song_recorded_for_the_first_time_during_a_solar_storm |archive-date=20 September 2023 |date=18 November 2019 |url-status=live}}{{cite journal

| title = First observations of the disruption of the Earth's foreshock wave field during magnetic clouds

| author = Turc, L.

| author2 = Roberts, O.W.

| author3 = Archer, M.O.

| author4 = Palmroth, M.

| author5 = Battarbee, M.

| author6 = Brito, T.

| author7 = Ganse, U.

| author8 = Grandin, M.

| author9 = Pfau-Kempf, Y.

| author10 = Escoubet, C.P.

| author11 = Dandouras, I.

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 46

| issue = 22

| pages = 1612–1624

| doi = 10.1029/2019GL084437

| year = 2019

| bibcode = 2019GeoRL..4612644T

| hdl = 10138/315030

| s2cid = 212882584

| url = https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02408174/file/LTurcetal_GRL_subm_20190802.pdf

| hdl-access = free

| access-date = 2020-03-17

| archive-date = 2021-12-29

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211229152633/https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02408174/file/LTurcetal_GRL_subm_20190802.pdf

| url-status = dead

}}

• October 10 - What is the source of the energetic oxygen ions found in the high-altitude cusp region?{{cite journal

| title = Conjunction Observations of Energetic Oxygen Ions O+ Accumulated in the Sequential Flux Ropes in the High-Altitude Cusp

| author = Duan, S.

| author2 = Dai, L.

| author3 = Wang, C.

| author4 = Cai, C.

| author5 = He, Z.

| author6 = Zhang, Y.

| author7 = Rème, H.

| author8 = Dandouras, I.

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 124

| issue = 10

| pages = 7912–7922

| doi = 10.1029/2019JA026989

| year = 2019

| bibcode = 2019JGRA..124.7912D

| s2cid = 210305167

| url = https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02408921/file/Suping%20Duan_Conjunction%20observations%20of%20oxygen%20ions%20in%20flux%20ropes%20_20190517.pdf

}}

• August 27 - Cluster and XMM pave the way for SMILE{{cite web |title=Cluster and XMM-Newton pave the way for SMILE |url=https://sci.esa.int/web/smile/-/61516-cluster-and-xmm-newton-pave-the-way-for-smile |publisher=ESA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101183852/https://sci.esa.int/web/smile/-/61516-cluster-and-xmm-newton-pave-the-way-for-smile |archive-date=1 January 2024 |date=27 August 2019 |url-status=live}}{{cite journal

| title = Exospheric neutral hydrogen density at the nominal 10 RE subsolar point deduced from XMM-Newton X-ray observations

| author = Connor, H.K.

| author2 = Carter, J.A.

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 124

| issue = 3

| pages = 1612–1624

| doi = 10.1029/2018JA026187

| year = 2019

| bibcode = 2019JGRA..124.1612C

| doi-access = free}}

• August 20 - Asymmetric transport of the Earth's polar outflows by the interplanetary magnetic field{{cite journal

| title = Asymmetric transport of the Earth's polar outflows by the interplanetary magnetic field

| author = Wang, J.

| display-authors = etal

| journal = Astrophysical Journal Letters

| volume = 881

| issue = 2

| pages = L34

| doi = 10.3847/2041-8213/ab385d

| year = 2019

| bibcode = 2019ApJ...881L..34W

| s2cid = 202135965

| doi-access = free

}}

• August 5 - Energetic electron acceleration found by Cluster in unconfined reconnection jets for the first time{{cite journal

| title = Energetic electron acceleration in unconfined reconnection jets

| author = Chen, G.

| author2 = Fu, H.S.

| author3 = Zhang, Y.

| author4 = Li, X.

| author5 = Ge, Y.S.

| author6 = Du, A.M.

| author7 = Liu, C.M.

| author8 = Xu, Y.

| journal = The Astrophysical Journal

| volume = 881

| issue = 1

| pages = L8

| doi = 10.3847/2041-8213/ab3041

| year = 2019

| bibcode = 2019ApJ...881L...8C

| doi-access = free}}

• May 1 - Kelvin‐Helmholtz waves magnetic curvature and vorticity: Four‐spacecraft Cluster observations{{cite journal

| title = Kelvin-Helmholtz waves magnetic curvature and vorticity: Four-spacecraft Cluster observations

| author = Kieokaew, R.

| author2 = Foullon, C.

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 124

| issue = 5

| pages = 3347–3359

| doi = 10.1029/2019JA026484

| year = 2019

| bibcode = 2019JGRA..124.3347K | doi-access = free

| hdl = 10871/37307

| hdl-access = free

}}

• March 4 - [http://sci.esa.int/cluster/61172-cluster-helps-solve-mysteries-of-geomagnetic-storms/ ESA science highlight: Cluster helps solve mysteries of geomagnetic storms]{{cite journal

| title = Electron distributions in kinetic scale field line resonances: A comparison of simulations and observations

| author = Damiano, P.A. |author2=Chaston, C.C. |author3=Hull, A.J. |author4=Johnson, J.R.

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 45

| issue = 12

| pages = 5826–5835

| doi = 10.1029/2018GL077748

| year = 2018

| bibcode = 2018GeoRL..45.5826D | osti = 1468802 | doi-access = free

}}

• February 27 - [http://sci.esa.int/cluster/61162-cluster-reveals-inner-workings-of-earth-s-cosmic-particle-accelerator/ ESA science highlight: Cluster reveals inner workings of Earth's cosmic particle accelerator]{{cite journal

| title = Direct evidence of nonstationary collisionless shocks in space plasmas

| author = Dimmock, A.P. |display-authors=etal

| journal = Science Advances

| volume = 5

| issue = 2

| pages = eaau9926 | doi = 10.1126/sciadv.aau9926

| pmid = 30820454 | pmc = 6392793 | year = 2019

| bibcode = 2019SciA....5.9926D }}

• February 13 - [https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA026272 Statistical survey of the terrestrial bow shock observed by the Cluster spacecraft]{{cite journal

| title = Statistical survey of the terrestrial bow shock observed by the Cluster spacecraft

| author = Kruparova, O. |display-authors=etal

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 124

| issue = 3

| pages = 1539–1547

| doi = 10.1029/2018JA026272

| year = 2019| bibcode = 2019JGRA..124.1539K | hdl = 11603/12953 | s2cid = 134189855 | url = https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03145271/file/Kruparova_et_al-2019-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Space_Physics.pdf | hdl-access = free

}}

• January 14 - [https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aafa75 Super-efficient electron acceleration by an isolated magnetic reconnection]{{cite journal

| title = Super-efficient electron acceleration by an isolated magnetic reconnection

| author = Fu, H.S.

| author2 = Xu, Y.

| author3 = Vaivads, A.

| author4 = Khotyaintsev, Y.V.

| journal = Astrophysical Journal Letters

| volume = 870

| issue = L22

| doi = 10.3847/2041-8213/aafa75

| year = 2019| pages = L22

| bibcode = 2019ApJ...870L..22F

| doi-access = free

}}

• November 28 – [https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079816# Complete picture of the O+ circulation (and escape) in the outer magnetosphere and its dependence on geomagnetic activity]{{cite journal

| title = The Oxygen Ion Circulation in The Outer Terrestrial Magnetosphere and Its Dependence on Geomagnetic Activity

| author = Slapak, R.

| author2= Nilsson, H.

| journal = Geophys. Res. Lett.

| volume = 45

| issue = 23

| pages = 12,669– 12,676

| doi = 10.1029/2018GL079816

| year = 2018| bibcode = 2018GeoRL..4512669S

| doi-access = free

}}

• November 8 - [http://sci.esa.int/cluster/60912-windy-with-a-chance-of-magnetic-storms-space-weather-science-with-cluster/ ESA science highlight: Windy with a chance of magnetic storms – space weather science with Cluster]
• September 30 - [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018SW001881/ O+ escape during the extreme space weather event of 4–10 September 2017]{{cite journal

| title = O+ escape during the extreme space weather event of 4–10 September 2017

| author = Schillings, A. |author2=Nilsson, H. |author3=Slapak, R. |author4=Wintoft, P. |author5=Yamauchi, M. |author6=Wik, M. |author7=Dandouras, I. |author8=Carr, C.M.

| journal = Space Weather

| volume = 16

| issue = 4

| pages = 1363–1376

| doi = 10.1029/2018sw001881

| year = 2018

| bibcode = 2018SpWea..16.1363S |doi-access = free

|hdl = 10044/1/64932

|hdl-access = free

}}

• August 8 - [https://www.ann-geophys.net/36/1073/2018/angeo-36-1073-2018.pdf# Statistical survey of day-side magnetospheric current flow using Cluster observations: bow shock]{{cite journal

| title = Statistical survey of day-side magnetospheric current flow using Cluster observations: bow shock

| author = Liebert, E. |author2=Nabert, C. |author3=Glassmeier, K.-H.

| journal = Annales Geophysicae

| volume = 36

| issue = 4

| pages = 1073–1080

| doi = 10.5194/angeo-36-1073-2018

| bibcode = 2018AnGeo..36.1073L

| year = 2018

| doi-access = free

}}

• June 20 – [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aac496/pdf# Detection of magnetic nulls around reconnection fronts (open access)]{{cite journal

| title = Detection of magnetic nulls around reconnection fronts

| author = Liu, C.M. |author2=H. S. Fu |author3=D. Cao |author4=Y. Xu |author5=A. Divin

| year = 2018

| journal = The Astrophysical Journal

| doi = 10.3847/1538-4357/aac496

| volume=860

| issue= 2

| pages = 128

|bibcode = 2018ApJ...860..128L | s2cid = 125461272 | doi-access= free

}}

• May 21 – [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2017JA025147# Tailward propagation of magnetic energy density variations with respect to substorm onset times (open access)]{{cite journal

| author = Coxon, J.C. |author2=Freeman, M.P. |author3=Jackman, C.M. |author4=Forsyth, C. |author5=Rae, I.J. |author6=Fear, R.C.

| title = Tailward propagation of magnetic energy density variations with respect to substorm onset times

| year = 2018

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| doi = 10.1029/2017JA025147

| volume=123

|issue=6 | pages=4741–4754

|bibcode=2018JGRA..123.4741C |doi-access=free}}

• April 24 – [https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11214-018-0505-6.pdf# Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability: lessons learned and ways forward]{{cite journal

| title = Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability: lessons learned and ways forward

| author = Masson, A. |author2=Nykyri, K.

| journal = Space Science Reviews

| volume = 214

| issue = 4

| pages = 71

| doi = 10.1007/s11214-018-0505-6

| url = https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11214-018-0505-6.pdf

| bibcode = 2018SSRv..214...71M

| year = 2018

| s2cid = 125646793 | doi-access = free

}}

• March 29 – [https://www.ann-geophys.net/36/527/2018/angeo-36-527-2018.pdf# Three-dimensional density and compressible magnetic structure in solar wind turbulence]{{cite journal

| title = Three-dimensional density and compressible magnetic structure in solar wind turbulence

| author = Roberts, O. W. |author2=Narita, Y. |author3=Escoubet, C.-P

| journal = Annales Geophysicae

| volume = 36

| issue = 2

| pages = 527–539

| doi = 10.5194/angeo-36-527-2018

| bibcode = 2018AnGeo..36..527R

| year = 2018

| doi-access = free

}}

• February 8 – [http://sci.esa.int/cluster/59954-understanding-earth-what-the-cluster-mission-has-taught-us-so-far/# ESA spotlight on... Understanding Earth: what the Cluster mission has taught us so far]
• January 29 – [http://sci.esa.int/cluster/59947-cluster-measures-turbulence-in-earth-s-magnetic-environment/# ESA research highlight: Cluster measures turbulence in Earth's magnetic environment]{{cite journal

| title = Compressible Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in the Earth's Magnetosheath: Estimation of the Energy Cascade Rate Using in situ Spacecraft Data

| author = Hadid, L. Z. |author2=Sahraoui, F. |author3=Galtier, S. |author4=Huang, S. Y.

| journal = Physical Review Letters

| volume = 120

| issue = 5

| pages = 055102

| date = January 2018

| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.055102

| pmid = 29481187 | arxiv = 1710.04691

| bibcode = 2018PhRvL.120e5102H

| s2cid = 3676068 }}

• January 22 – [https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076303# Science nugget of the 2013-2014 Cluster Inner Magnetosphere campaign]{{cite journal

|title = Intense current structures observed at electron kinetic Scales in the near-Earth magnetotail during dipolarization and substorm current wedge formation

|author = Grigorenko, E.E.

|author2 = Dubyagin, S.

|author3 = Malykhin, A.

|author4 = Khotyaintsev, Y.V.

|author5 = Kronberg, E.A.

|author6 = Lavraud, B.

|author7 = Ganushkina, N.Yu

|journal = Geophysical Research Letters

|volume = 45

|issue = 2

|pages = 602–611

|doi = 10.1002/2017GL076303

|bibcode = 2018GeoRL..45..602G

|year = 2018

|url = https://zenodo.org/record/3492316

|hdl = 2027.42/142547

|s2cid = 133980983

|hdl-access = free

|access-date = 2019-10-31

|archive-date = 2019-10-31

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191031041322/https://zenodo.org/record/3492316

|url-status = dead

}}

• December 11, 2017 – [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2017SW001684# Empirical modeling of the quiet and storm time geosynchronous magnetic field]{{cite journal

| author = Andreeva V. A. |author2=Tsyganenko N. A.

| title = Empirical Modeling of the Quiet and Storm Time Geosynchronous Magnetic Field

| year = 2017

| journal = Space Weather

| doi = 10.1002/2017SW001684

| volume=16

| issue= 1

| pages=16–36| bibcode= 2018SpWea..16...16A

| doi-access= free

}}

• December 6, 2017 – [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9bf3# Direct measurement of anisotropic and asymmetric wave vector spectrum in ion-scale solar wind turbulence]{{cite journal

| author = Roberts, O.W. |author2=Y. Narita |author3=C.P. Escoubet

| title = Direct measurement of anisotropic and asymmetric wave vector Spectrum in ion-scale solar wind turbulence

| year = 2017

| journal = The Astrophysical Journal

| doi = 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9bf3

| volume=851

| issue= 1

| pages = L11

|bibcode = 2017ApJ...851L..11R | doi-access= free

}}

• October 30, 2017 – [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9022# Coherent structures at ion scales in the fast solar wind: Cluster observations]{{cite journal

| author = Perrone, D. |author2=O. Alexandrova |author3=O.W. Roberts |author4=S. Lion |author5=C. Lacombe |author6=A. Walsh |author7=M. Maksimovic |author8=I. Zouganelis

| title = Coherent structures at ion scales in the fast solar wind: Cluster observations

| year = 2017

| journal = The Astrophysical Journal

| doi = 10.3847/1538-4357/aa9022

| volume=849

| issue= 1

| pages = 49

|bibcode = 2017ApJ...849...49P | arxiv= 1709.09644

|s2cid=119050245 |doi-access=free }}

• September 18, 2017 – [https://earth-planets-space.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40623-017-0707-2# An intense magnetic substorm scrutinized by a fleet of satellites including Cluster and MMS (open access)]{{cite journal

| author = Perrone, D. |author2=O. Alexandrova |author3=O.W. Roberts |author4=S. Lion |author5=C. Lacombe |author6=A. Walsh |author7=M. Maksimovic |author8=I. Zouganelis

| title = Near-Earth plasma sheet boundary dynamics during substorm dipolarization

| year = 2017

| journal = Earth, Planets and Space

| doi = 10.1186/s40623-017-0707-2

|pmid=32009832 |pmc=6961498 | volume=69

| issue = 1

| pages= 129

|bibcode = 2017EP&S...69..129N |doi-access=free }}

• August 28, 2017 – [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2016JA023739# Relationship between electron field‐aligned anisotropy and dawn‐dusk magnetic field: nine years of Cluster observations in the Earth magnetotail]{{cite journal

| author = Yushkov, E. |author2=A. Petrukovich |author3=A. Artemyev |author4=R. Nakamura

| title = Relationship between electron field-aligned anisotropy and dawn-dusk magnetic field: nine years of Cluster observations in the Earth magnetotail

| year = 2017

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| doi = 10.1002/2016JA023739

| volume=122

| issue= 9

| pages=9294–9305

| bibcode = 2017JGRA..122.9294Y |s2cid=134267682 }}

• August 1, 2017 – [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2017JA024502# Collisionless shock velocity estimation at Venus and Earth (open access)]{{cite journal

| author = Giagkiozis, S. |author2=S. N. Walker |author3=S. A. Pope |author4=G. Collinson

| title = Validation of single spacecraft methods for collisionless shock velocity estimation

| year = 2017

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| doi = 10.1002/2017JA024502

| volume=122

| issue= 8

| pages=8632–8641

|bibcode=2017JGRA..122.8632G | doi-access= free

}}

• June 16, 2017 – [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2017GL073249# Cover of GRL: Global ULF waves generated by a hot flow anomaly]{{cite journal

| author = Zhao, L.L. |author2=Zhang, H. |author3=Zong, Q.G.

| title = Global ULF waves generated by a hot flow anomaly

| year = 2017

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| doi = 10.1002/2017GL073249

| volume=44

| issue= 11

| pages=5283–5291

| bibcode = 2017GeoRL..44.5283Z| doi-access= free

}}

• April 10, 2017 - [http://sci.esa.int/cluster/58994-o-marks-the-spot-for-magnetic-reconnection/# ESA research highlight: O marks the spot for magnetic reconnection]{{cite journal

| author = Fu, H.S. |author2=A. Vaivads |author3=Y.V. Khotyaintsev |author4=M. André |author5=J. B. Cao |author6=V. Olshevsky |author7=J. P. Eastwood |author8=A. Retinò

| title = Intermittent energy dissipation by turbulent reconnection

| year = 2017

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| doi = 10.1002/2016GL071787

| volume=44

| issue = 1

| pages=37–43

|bibcode = 2017GeoRL..44...37F | hdl = 10044/1/44378

|s2cid=125215749 | hdl-access=free

}}

• April 7, 2017 – [https://eos.org/research-spotlights/explaining-unexpected-twists-in-the-suns-magnetic-field# EOS research spotlight: Explaining unexpected twists in the Sun's Magnetic Field]{{cite journal

| author = Turc, L. |author2=D. Fontaine |author3=C.P. Escoubet |author4=E.K.J. Kilpua |author5=A.P. Dimmock

| title = Statistical study of the alteration of the magnetic structure of magnetic clouds in the Earth's magnetosheath

| year = 2017

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| doi = 10.1002/2016JA023654

| volume=122

| issue = 3

| pages = 2956–2972

|bibcode = 2017JGRA..122.2956T |hdl=10138/224163 |s2cid=125621578 |url=https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/37770 | hdl-access= free}}

• March 23, 2017 – [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016JA023524# Occurrence frequency and location of magnetic islands at the dayside magnetopause]{{cite journal

| author = Vines, S.K. |author2=S.A. Fuselier |author3=S.M. Petrinec |author4=K.J. Trattner |author5=R.C. Allen

| title = Occurrence frequency and location of magnetic islands at the dayside magnetopause

| year = 2017

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| doi = 10.1002/2016JA023524

| volume=122

| issue= 4

| pages=4138–4155

| bibcode = 2017JGRA..122.4138V | doi-access= free

}}

• February 18, 2017 – [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016JA023586# Magnetic reconnection and their associated auroral enhancements (open access)]{{cite journal

| author = Case, N. A. |author2=A. Grocott |author3=S. E. Milan |author4=T. Nagai |author5=J. P. Reistad

| title = An analysis of magnetic reconnection events and their associated auroral enhancements

| year = 2017

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| doi = 10.1002/2016JA023586

| volume=122

| issue= 2

| pages=2922–2935

| bibcode = 2017JGRA..122.2922C | doi-access= free

| hdl= 2381/39489

| hdl-access= free

}}

• October 3, 2016 – [http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms13001# What happens to the Earth's magnetosphere when its bow shock disappears?]{{cite journal

| author = Lugaz, N. |author2=C.J. Farrugia |author3=C.-L. Huang |author4=R.M. Winslow |author5=H.E. Spence |author6=N.A. Schwadron

| title = Earth's magnetosphere and outer radiation belt under sub-Alfvénic solar wind

| year = 2016

| journal = Nature Communications

| doi = 10.1038/ncomms13001

|pmid=27694887 | volume=7

| page=13001|bibcode = 2016NatCo...713001L | pmc=5063966}}

• September 6, 2016 – [http://news.erau.edu/headlines/embry-riddle-research-on-space-plasma-hurricanes-could-lead-to-new-sources-of-energy/ Embry-Riddle University (FL, USA) science highlight: Space plasma hurricanes could lead to new sources of energy]{{cite journal

| author = Moore, T.W. |author2=Nykyri, K. |author3=Dimmock, A.P.

| title = Cross-scale energy transport in space plasmas

| year = 2016

| journal = Nature Physics

| doi = 10.1038/nphys3869

| volume=12

| issue = 12

| pages=1164–1169|bibcode = 2016NatPh..12.1164M |s2cid=125684283 }}

• July 20, 2016 – [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/2016GL069520/full# Cluster and MMS join forces to understand the origin of northern lights]{{cite journal

| author = Schmid, D. |author2=R. Nakamura |author3= M. Volwerk |author4= F. Plaschke |author5= Y. Narita |author6= W. Baumjohann |display-authors=etal

| title = A comparative study of dipolarization fronts at MMS and Cluster

| year = 2016

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 43

|issue=12 | pages = 6012–6019

| doi = 10.1002/2016GL069520

|pmid=27478286 |bibcode = 2016GeoRL..43.6012S |pmc= 4949994 }}

• July 8 – [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8205/825/2/L27# Transport of solar wind H+ and He++ ions across Earth's bow shock]{{cite journal

| author = Parks, G.K. |author2=E. Lee |author3=S.Y. Fu |author4=H.E. Kim |author5=Y.Q. Ma |author6=Z.W. Yang |author7=Y. Liu |author8=N. Lin |author9=J. Hong |author10=P. Canu

| title = Transport of solar wind H+ and He++ ions across Earth's bow shock

| year = 2016

| journal = The Astrophysical Journal

| volume = 825

| issue = 2

| pages = L27

| doi = 10.3847/2041-8205/825/2/L27

| bibcode = 2016ApJ...825L..27P |doi-access=free |hdl=11603/31332 |hdl-access=free }}

• July 7 – [http://sci.esa.int/cluster/58028-the-curious-case-of-earth-s-leaking-atmosphere/# ESA science highlight: the curious case of Earth's leaking atmosphere]{{cite journal

| author = Lee, S.H. |author2=H. Zhang |author3=Q.-G. Zong |author4=A. Otto |author5=H. Rème |author6=E. Liebert

| title = A statistical study of plasmaspheric plumes and ionospheric outflows observed at the dayside magnetopause

| year = 2016

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 121

| issue = 1

| doi = 10.1002/2015JA021540

| pages=492–506|bibcode = 2016JGRA..121..492L | doi-access=free}}{{cite journal

| author = Zhang, B. |author2=O.J. Brambles |author3=W. Lotko |author4=J.E. Ouellette |author5=J.G. Lyon

| title = The role of ionospheric O+ outflow in the generation of earthward propagating plasmoids

| year = 2016

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 121

| issue = 2

| doi = 10.1002/2015JA021667

| pages=1425–1435|bibcode = 2016JGRA..121.1425Z | doi-access= free

}}

• June 11 – [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015JA022238/full# Substructures within a dipolarization front revealed by high-temporal resolution Cluster observations]{{cite journal

| author = Yao, Z. |author2=A.N. Fazakerley |author3=A. Varsani |author4=I.J. Rae |author5=C.J. Owen |display-authors=etal

| title = Substructures within a dipolarization front revealed by high-temporal resolution Cluster observations

| year = 2016

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 121

|issue=6 | doi = 10.1002/2015JA022238

| pages=5185–5202|bibcode = 2016JGRA..121.5185Y |doi-access=free}}

• May 11 – [https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068818# Cone angle control of the interaction of magnetic clouds with the Earth's bow shock]{{cite journal

| author = L. Turc |author2=C.P. Escoubet |author3=D. Fontaine |author4=E.K.J. Kilpua |author5=S. Enestam

| title = Cone angle control of the interaction of magnetic clouds with the Earth's bow shock

| year = 2016

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 43

| issue = 10

| doi = 10.1002/2016GL068818

| pages=4781–4789

| bibcode = 2016GeoRL..43.4781T |s2cid=131474026 |url=https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/32773 }}

• March 21 – [https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA022071# The particle carriers of field‐aligned currents in the Earth's magnetotail during a substorm]{{cite journal

| author = Cheng, Z.W. |author2=J.C. Zhang |author3=J.K. Shi |author4=L.M. Kistler |author-link4=Lynn Kistler|author5=M. Dunlop |author6=I. Dandouras |author7=A. Fazakerley

| title = The particle carriers of field-aligned currents in the Earth's magnetotail during a substorm

| year = 2016

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 121

| issue = 4

| doi = 10.1002/2015JA022071

| pages=3058–3068

| bibcode = 2016JGRA..121.3058C | doi-access=free}}

• February 29 – [https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021667# The role of ionospheric O+ outflow in the generation of earthward propagating plasmoids]
• January 11 – [https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021540# A statistical study of plasmaspheric plumes and ionospheric outflows observed at the dayside magnetopause]

• December 7 - [http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nphys3578.html# Coalescence of magnetic flux ropes in the ion diffusion region of magnetic reconnection]{{cite journal

| author = Wang, R. |author2=Q. Lu |author3=R. Nakamura |author4=C. Huang |author5=A. Du |author6=F. Guo |author7=W. Teh |author8=M. Wu |author9=S. Lu |author10=S. Wang

| title = Coalescence of magnetic flux ropes in the ion diffusion region of magnetic reconnection

| year = 2015

| journal = Nature Physics

| volume = 12

| issue = 3

| doi = 10.1038/nphys3578

|bibcode = 2016NatPh..12..263W

| pages=263–267|doi-access=free}}

• October 22 - [https://www.ann-geophys.net/33/1285/2015/angeo-33-1285-2015.pdf# Wide-banded Non-Thermal Continuum (NTC) radiation: local to remote observations by the four Cluster satellites]{{cite journal

| author = Décréau, P.M.E. |author2=Aoutou, S. |author3=Denazelle, A. |author4=Galkina, I. |author5=Rauch, J.-L. |author6=Vallières, X. |author7=Canu, P. |author8=Rochel Grimald, S. |author9=El-Lemdani Mazouz, F. |author10=Darrouzet, F.

| title = Wide-banded NTC radiation: local to remote observations by the four Cluster satellites

| year = 2015

| journal = Annales Geophysicae

| volume = 33

| issue = 10

| doi = 10.5194/angeo-33-1285-2015

| bibcode = 2015AnGeo..33.1285D

| pages=1285–1300|doi-access=free}}

• September 3 - [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2015GL064959# Statistics and accuracy of magnetic null identification in multispacecraft data (open access)]

{{cite journal

|author = Eriksson, E. |author2=A. Vaivads |author3=Y. V. Khotyaintsev |author4=V. M. Khotyayintsev |author5=M. André

| title = Statistics and accuracy of magnetic null identification in multispacecraft data

| year = 2015

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 42

| issue = 17

| doi = 10.1002/2015GL064959

| bibcode = 2015GeoRL..42.6883E

| pages=6883–6889|url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-253244 | doi-access= free}}

• August 22 - [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/2015JA021230# Cusp dynamics under northward IMF using three‐dimensional global particle‐in‐cell simulations (open access)]

{{cite journal

|author = Cai, D. |author2=A. Esmaeili |author3=B. Lembège |author4=K.-I. Nishikawa

| title = Cusp dynamics under northward IMF using three-dimensional global particle-in-cell simulations

| year = 2015

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 120

| issue = 10

| doi = 10.1002/2015JA021230

| bibcode = 2015JGRA..120.8368C

| pages=8368–8386|url=https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01231973/file/2015JA021230.pdf | doi-access= free

}}

• July 14 - [http://sci.esa.int/cluster/56143-cluster-solves-the-mystery-of-equatorial-noise/# Cluster solves the mystery of equatorial noise]

{{cite journal

| author = Balikhin, M.A. |author2=Y.Y. Shprits |author3=S.N. Walker |author4=L. Chen |author5=N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin |author6=I. Dandouras |author7=O. Santolik |author8=C. Carr |author9=K.H. Yearby |author10=B. Weiss

| title = Observations of Discrete Harmonics Emerging From Equatorial Noise

| year = 2015

| journal = Nature Communications

| volume = 6

| doi = 10.1038/ncomms8703

|pmid=26169360 |pmc=4510698 |bibcode = 2015NatCo...6.7703B

| pages=7703}}

• July 1 - [http://sci.esa.int/cluster/56098-seven-esa-satellites-team-up-to-explore-earths-magnetic-field//# Seven ESA satellites team up to explore the Earth's magnetic field]

{{cite journal

| author = Dunlop, M.W. |author2=J.-Y. Yang |author3=Y.-Y. Yang |author4=C. Xiong |author5=H. Lühr |author6=Y. V. Bogdanova |author7=C. Shen |author8=N. Olsen |author9=Q.-H. Zhang |author10=J.-B. Cao |author11=H.-S. Fu |author12=W.-L. Liu |author13=C. M. Carr |author14=P. Ritter |author15=A. Masson |author16=R. Haagmans

| title = Simultaneous field-aligned currents at Swarm and Cluster satellites

| year = 2015

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 42

| issue = 10

| pages = 3683–3691

| doi = 10.1002/2015GL063738

|bibcode = 2015GeoRL..42.3683D |doi-access=free |hdl=10044/1/23235 |hdl-access=free }}

• April 9 - [http://sci.esa.int/cluster/55764-heart-of-the-black-auroras-revealed-by-cluster/# Heart of the black auroras revealed by Cluster]

{{cite journal

|author1=Russell, A. J. B. |author2=Karlsson, T. |author3=Wright, A. N.

| title = Magnetospheric signatures of ionospheric density cavities observed by Cluster

| year = 2015

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 120

|issue=3 | doi = 10.1002/2014JA020937

| bibcode = 2015JGRA..120.1876R

| pages=1876–1887|url=https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/files/6471056/2014JA020937_preprint.pdf | doi-access=free}}

• March 25 - [http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Operations/Cluster_satellite_catches_up/# Cluster satellite catches up]
• February 19 - [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2014JA020937# Magnetospheric signatures of ionospheric density cavities observed by Cluster (open access)]

{{cite journal

| author = Russell, A.J.B. |author2=T. Karlsson |author3=A.N. Wright

| title = Magnetospheric signatures of ionospheric density cavities observed by Cluster

| year = 2015

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 120

| issue = 3

| doi = 10.1002/2014JA020937

| bibcode = 2015JGRA..120.1876R

| pages=1876–1887|url=https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/files/6471056/2014JA020937_preprint.pdf | doi-access= free

}}

• February 16 - [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2014GL062972# Solar illumination control of ionospheric outflow above polar cap arcs (open access)]

{{cite journal

|author = Maes, L. |author2=Maggiolo, R. |author3=De Keyser, J. |author4=Dandouras, I. |author5=Fear, R.C. |author6=Fontaine, D. |author7=Haaland, S.

| title = Solar illumination control of ionospheric outflow above polar cap arcs

| year = 2015

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 42

| issue = 5

| doi = 10.1002/2014GL062972

| bibcode = 2015GeoRL..42.1304M

| pages=1304–1311| doi-access= free| hdl= 1956/11661| hdl-access= free}}

• January 16 – [http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Operations/Rejigging_the_Cluster_quartet/# Rejigging the Cluster quartet at the bow shock and in the solar wind]

• December 18 – [http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Cluster/Origin_of_high-latitude_auroras_revealed/# Origin of high-latitude auroras revealed]

{{cite journal

| author = Fear, R.C. |author2=S.E. Milan |author3=R. Maggiolo |author4=A.N. Fazakerley |author5=I. Dandouras |author6=S.B. Mende

| title = Direct observation of closed magnetic flux trapped in the high latitude magnetosphere

| year = 2014

| journal = Science

| volume = 346

| issue = 6216

| pages = 1506–1510

| doi = 10.1126/science.1257377

|bibcode = 2014Sci...346.1506F

| pmid=25525244|s2cid=21017912 |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/377292/1/Fear_etal_2014_preprint.pdf }}

• November 20 - [http://sci.esa.int/director-desk/54999-working-life-extensions-for-esas-science-missions/# The Cluster mission is extended by ESA up to 2018]
• September 4 - [https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/793/1/L11# Full particle electromagnetic simulations of entropy generation across a collisionless shock]

{{cite journal

| author = Zhongwei, Y. |author2=Y.D. Liu |author3=G.K. Parks |author4=P. Wu |author5=C. Huang |author6=R. Shi |author7=R. Wang |author8=H. Hu

| title = Full particle electromagnetic simulations of entropy generation across a collisionless shock

| year = 2014

| journal = The Astrophysical Journal

| volume = 793

| issue = 1

| pages = L11

| doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/793/1/L11

|bibcode = 2014ApJ...793L..11Y

|doi-access= free}}

• August 28 – [http://sci.esa.int/cluster/54573-a-mixed-up-magnetic-storm/# A mixed-up magnetic storm]

{{cite journal

| author = Kozyra

| title = Solar filament impact on 21 January 2005: Geospace consequences

| year = 2014

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 119

| issue = 7

| pages = 2169–9402

| doi = 10.1002/2013JA019748

|bibcode = 2014JGRA..119.5401K |display-authors=etal

| hdl = 2027.42/108315

| s2cid = 52001277

| hdl-access= free

}}

• July 1 - [https://www.ann-geophys.net/32/705/2014/angeo-32-705-2014.pdf# Dawn–dusk asymmetries in the coupled solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere system: a review]

{{cite journal

| author = Walsh, A. P. |author2=Haaland, S. |author3=Forsyth, C. |author4=Keesee, A. M. |author5=Kissinger, J. |author6=Li, K. |author7=Runov, A. |author8=Soucek, J. |author9=Walsh, B. M. |author10=Wing, S. |author11=Taylor, M.G.G.T.

| title = Dawn–dusk asymmetries in the coupled solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere system: a review

| year = 2014

| journal = Annales Geophysicae

| volume = 32

| issue = 7

| pages = 705–737

| doi = 10.5194/angeo-32-705-2014

|bibcode = 2014AnGeo..32..705W

| arxiv= 1701.04701

|s2cid=55038191 |doi-access=free }}

• June 15 - [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305205414/http://www.spacenewsfeed.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1238%3Asolar-wind-breaks-through-the-earth-s-magnetic-field&catid=9%3Anews&Itemid=114%2F Solar wind breaks through the Earth's magnetic field]

{{cite journal

|author1=Graham, D.B. |author2=Yu. V. Khotyaintsev |author3=A. Vaivads |author4=M. Andre |author5=A. N. Fazakerley

| title = Electron Dynamics in the Diffusion Region of Asymmetric Magnetic Reconnection

| year = 2014

| journal = Physical Review Letters

| volume = 112

|issue=21 | pages = 215004

| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.215004

|bibcode = 2014PhRvL.112u5004G

|doi-access=free

}}

• May 28 - [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2014GL060252# Evidence of strong energetic ion acceleration in the near‐Earth magnetotail (free access)]

{{cite journal

| author = Luo, H. |author2=E. A. Kronberg |author3=E. E. Grigorenko |author4=M. Fränz |author5=P. W. Daly |author6=G. X. Chen |author7=A. M. Du |author8=L. M. Kistler |author-link8=Lynn Kistler|author9=Y. Wei

| title = Evidence of strong energetic ion acceleration in the near-Earth magnetotail

| year = 2014

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 41

| issue = 11

| pages = 3724–3730

| doi = 10.1002/2014GL060252

|bibcode = 2014GeoRL..41.3724L

|doi-access=free}}

• May 7 - [http://sci.esa.int/cluster/54022-cluster-helps-to-model-earths-mysterious-magnetosphere/# Cluster helps to model Earth's mysterious magnetosphere]

{{cite journal

| author = Tsyganenko, N.

| title = Data-based modeling of the geomagnetosphere with an IMF-dependent magnetopause

| year = 2014

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 119

| issue = 1

| pages = 335–354

| doi = 10.1002/2013JA019346

|bibcode = 2014JGRA..119..335T | s2cid = 119786539

}}

• March 15 - [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2013JA019460# Direct calculation of the ring current distribution and magnetic structure seen by Cluster during geomagnetic storms (open access)]

{{cite journal

| author = Shen, C. |author2=Y.Y. Yang |author3=Z.J. Rong |author4=X. Li |author5=M. Dunlop |author6=C.M. Carr |author7=Z.X. Liu |author8=D.N. Baker |author9=Z.Q. Chen |author10=Y. Ji |author11=G. Zeng

| title = Direct calculation of the ring current distribution and magnetic structure seen by Cluster during geomagnetic storms

| year = 2014

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 119

| issue = 4

| pages = 2458–2465

| doi = 10.1002/2013JA019460

| bibcode = 2014JGRA..119.2458S

|doi-access=free }}

• January 13 - [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2013GL058982# Low-altitude electron acceleration due to multiple flow bursts in the magnetotail (open access)]

{{cite journal

| author = Nakamura, R. |author2=T. Karlsson |author3=M. Hamrin |author4=H. Nilsson |author5=O. Marghitu |author6=O. Amm |author7=C. Bunescu |author8=V. Constantinescu |author9=H.U. Frey |author10=A. Keiling |author11=J. Semeter |author12=E. Sorbalo |author13=J. Vogt |author14=C. Forsyth |author15=M.V. Kubyshkina

| title = Low-altitude electron acceleration due to multiple flow bursts in the magnetotail

| year = 2014

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 41

| issue = 3

| pages = 777–784

| doi = 10.1002/2013GL058982

|bibcode = 2014GeoRL..41..777N

|doi-access=free }}

• November 26 - [http://sci.esa.int/cluster/53256-cluster-takes-a-tilt-at-radio-wave-sources/# Cluster takes a tilt at radio wave sources]{{cite journal

| author = Décréau, P.M.E.

| title = Remote sensing of a NTC radio source from a Cluster tilted spacecraft pair

| year = 2013

| journal = Annales Geophysicae

| volume = 31

| issue = 11

| pages = 2097–2121

| doi = 10.5194/angeo-31-2097-2013

|bibcode = 2013AnGeo..31.2097D |display-authors=etal| doi-access= free

}}

• November 15 – [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2013JA019345# On the relation between asymmetries in the ring current and magnetopause current (free access)]{{cite journal

| author = Haaland, S. |author2=J. Gjerloev

| title = On the relation between asymmetries in the ring current and magnetopause current

| year = 2013

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 118

| issue = 7

| pages = 7593–7604

| doi = 10.1002/jgra.50239

| bibcode = 2013JGRA..118.7593H

|hdl=2027.42/99669

|s2cid=55200569

| hdl-access= free

}}

• September 20 - [http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Operations/ESA_s_Cluster_satellites_in_closest-ever_dance_in_space/# ESA's Cluster satellites in closest-ever 'dance in space']
• September 10 – [http://sci.esa.int/cluster/52802-cluster-shows-plasmasphere-interacting-with-van-allen-belts/# Cluster shows plasmasphere interacting with Van Allen belts]{{cite journal

| author = Darrouzet, F.

| title = Links between the plasmapause and the radiation belt boundaries as observed by the instruments CIS, RAPID, and WHISPER onboard Cluster

| year = 2013

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 118

| issue = 7

| pages = 4176–4188

| doi = 10.1002/jgra.50239

|bibcode = 2013JGRA..118.4176D |display-authors=etal| hdl = 2027.42/99669

| s2cid = 55200569

| hdl-access= free

}}

• July 18 - [http://sci.esa.int/cluster/52077-wobbly-magnetic-reconnection-speeds-up-electrons/# Wobbly magnetic reconnection speeds up electrons]{{cite journal

| author = Fu, H.S.

| title = Energetic electron acceleration by unsteady magnetic reconnection

| year = 2013

| journal = Nature Physics

| volume = 9

| issue = 7

| pages = 426–430

| doi =10.1038/nphys2664

|bibcode = 2013NatPh...9..426F |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• July 2 - [http://sci.esa.int/cluster/51988-cluster-discovers-steady-leak-in-earth-plasmasphere/# Cluster discovers steady leak in the Earth's plasmasphere]{{cite journal

| author = Dandouras, I.

| title = Detection of a plasmaspheric wind in the Earth's magnetosphere by the Cluster spacecraft

| year = 2013

| journal = Annales Geophysicae

| volume = 31

| issue = 7

| pages = 1143–1153

| doi = 10.5194/angeo-31-1143-2013

|bibcode = 2013AnGeo..31.1143D | doi-access= free

}}

• May 2 - [http://sci.esa.int/cluster/51741-cluster-hears-the-heartbeat-of-magnetic-reconnection/# Cluster hears the heartbeat of magnetic reconnection]{{cite journal

| author = Viberg, H.

| title = Mapping High-Frequency Waves in the Reconnection Diffusion Region

| year = 2013

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 40

| issue = 6

| pages = 1032–1037

| doi = 10.1002/grl.50227

| bibcode=2013GeoRL..40.1032V|display-authors=etal| doi-access= free

}}

• April 15 - [http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/From_solar_activity_to_stunning_aurora# From solar activity to stunning aurora (ESA Space Science's image of the week)]
• April 10 – [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=51651# Cluster finds source of aurora energy boost]{{cite journal

| author = Cao, J.

| title = Kinetic analysis of the energy transport of bursty bulk flows in the plasma sheet

| year = 2013

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 118

| issue = 1

| pages = 313–320

| doi = 10.1029/2012JA018351

| bibcode=2013JGRA..118..313C|display-authors=etal| doi-access= free

}}

• December 18 – [http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/The_solar_wind_is_swirly# The solar wind is swirly]{{cite journal

| author = Perri, S.

| title = Detection of small scale structures in the dissipation regime of solar wind turbulence

| year = 2012

| journal = Physical Review Letters

| volume = 109

| issue = 19

| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.191101

| bibcode=2012PhRvL.109s1101P|display-authors=etal

| pmid=23215371

| page=191101| hdl= 11603/30837

| hdl-access= free

}}

• October 24 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=50977# Cluster observes a 'porous' magnetopause]{{cite journal

| author = Hwang, K.-J.

| title = The first in situ observation of Kelvin-Helmholtz waves at high-latitude magnetopause during strongly dawnward interplanetary magnetic field conditions

| year = 2012

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 117

| issue = A8

| page = A08233

| doi = 10.1029/2011JA017256|bibcode = 2012JGRA..117.8233H |display-authors=etal| hdl= 2060/20140009615

| hdl-access= free

}}

• August 1 – [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=50633# Cluster looks into waves in the magnetosphere's thin boundaries]{{cite journal

| author = Norgren, C.

| title = Lower hybrid drift waves: space observations

| year = 2012

| journal = Physical Review Letters

| volume = 109

| issue = 5

| page = 55001

| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.055001|bibcode = 2012PhRvL.109e5001N |display-authors=etal

| pmid=23006181}}

• July 2 - [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/mag-portals.html# Hidden Portals in Earth's Magnetic Field (NASA science cast video)]
• June 6 – [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=50424# Origin of particle acceleration in cusps of Earth's magnetosphere uncovered]{{cite journal

| author = Nykyri, K.

| title = On the origin of high-energy particles in the cusp diamagnetic cavity

| year = 2012

| journal = Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

| issue = Special Issue on Physical Process in the Cusp: Plasma Transport and Energization

| doi = 10.1016/j.jastp.2011.08.012|bibcode = 2012JASTP..87...70N |display-authors=etal

| volume=87–88

| pages=70–81}}

• March 7 - [http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEMXWW7YBZG_index_0.html# Earth’s magnetic field provides vital protection]{{cite journal

| author = Wei, Y.

| title = Enhanced atmospheric oxygen outflow on Earth and Mars driven by a corotating interaction region

| year = 2012

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 117

| number = A16

| pages = 3208

| doi = 10.1029/2011JA017340

| bibcode = 2012JGRA..117.3208W |display-authors=etal| url = http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:246326

|doi-access = free

}}

• February 27 - [http://www.space.com/14679-northern-lights-mystery-earth-magnetosphere.html# Northern lights mystery may be solved (Space.com)]{{cite journal

| author = Egedal, J.

| title = Large-scale electron acceleration by parallel electric fields during magnetic reconnection

| year = 2012

| journal =Nature Physics

| doi = 10.1038/nphys2249

|bibcode = 2012NatPh...8..321E |display-authors=etal

| volume=8

| issue = 4

| pages=321–324| doi-access =free

}}

• February 23 - [http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/2012/02/surprise-ions# Surprise Ions (Science News for kids)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710201550/http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/2012/02/surprise-ions/ |date=2012-07-10 }}
• January 26 - [https://web.archive.org/web/20120126234347/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/01/120126-solar-storm-cold-plasma-earth-space-science/ Giant veil of cold plasma discovered high above Earth (National Geographic)]
• January 24 – [http://www.agu.org/news/press/pr_archives/2012/2012-02.shtml# Elusive matter found to be abundant far above Earth (AGU press release)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024053457/http://www.agu.org/news/press/pr_archives/2012/2012-02.shtml |date=2012-10-24 }}{{cite journal

|author1=André, M. |author2=C.M. Cully

| title = Low-energy ions: A previously hidden solar system particle population, in press

| date = February 2012

| volume = 39

|pages=n/a

| number = 3

| journal =Geophysical Research Letters

| doi = 10.1029/2011GL050242

|bibcode = 2012GeoRL..39.3101A | doi-access =free

}}

• November 16 – [http://sci.esa.int/cluster/49637-cluster-reveals-earth-s-bow-shock-is-remarkably-thin# Cluster reveals Earth's bow shock is remarkably thin]{{cite journal

| author = Schwartz, S.J.|display-authors=et al

| title = Electron temperature gradient scale at collisionless shocks

| year = 2011

| journal =Physical Review Letters

| volume =107

| issue =21

| page =215002

| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.215002|pmid=22181889

| bibcode =2011PhRvL.107u5002S

|hdl=10044/1/18881

|s2cid=16065598

|url=https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01310858/file/PhysRevLett.107.pdf

| hdl-access =free

}}

• September 6 – [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=49107# Ultra fast substorm auroras explained]{{cite journal

| author = Shay, M.A.

| title = Super-Alfvénic Propagation of Substorm Reconnection Signature and Poynting Flux

| year = 2011

| journal =Physical Review Letters

| volume =107

| issue =6

| page =065001

| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.065001

| pmid = 21902330

| bibcode=2011PhRvL.107f5001S

|arxiv = 1104.0922 | s2cid = 119204267

|display-authors=etal}}

• August 31 - [http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/40_year_old_Mariner_5_solar_wind_problem_finds_answer_999.html# 40 year old Mariner 5 solar wind problem finds answer]{{cite journal

| author = Turner, A.J.

| title = Nonaxisymmetric Anisotropy of Solar Wind Turbulence

| year = 2011

| journal =Physical Review Letters

| volume =107

| issue =9

| page =095002

| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.095002

| pmid = 21929247

| bibcode=2011PhRvL.107i5002T

|arxiv = 1106.2023 | s2cid = 736486

|display-authors=etal}}

• July 5–10 - [http://royalsociety.org/summer-science/2011/# Aurora explorer: the Cluster mission exhibit at the Royal Society summer science exhibition 2011]
• July 4 – [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=48847# Cluster observes jet braking and plasma heating]{{cite journal

|author = Khotyaintsev, Y.

|title = Plasma Jet Braking: Energy Dissipation and Nonadiabatic Electrons

| year =2011

|journal = Physical Review Letters

| volume =106

| issue =16

| page =165001

| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.165001

|bibcode = 2011PhRvL.106p5001K |display-authors=etal

| pmid=21599373|url = http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349824/1/1349824.pdf

}}

• June 30 - [http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEMTI34TBPG_index_0.html# 'Dirty hack' restores Cluster mission from near loss]
• March 21 - [http://www.space.com/11187-earth-magnetic-field-solar-wind.html# How vital is a planet's magnetic field? New debate rises]
• February 5 – [http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEMLA6Y1LJG_index_0.html# Cluster encounters a natural particle accelerator]{{cite journal

| author = Marklund, G.T.

| title = Altitude distribution of the auroral acceleration potential determined from Cluster satellite data at different heights

| year = 2011

| journal =Physical Review Letters

| volume =106

| issue =5

| page =055002

| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.055002

|bibcode = 2011PhRvL.106e5002M |display-authors=etal

| pmid=21405403| doi-access =free

}}

• January 7 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=48190# ESA spacecraft model magnetic boundaries]{{cite journal

| author = Echim, M.

| title = Comparative investigation of the terrestrial and Venusian magnetopause: Kinetic modeling and experimental observations by Cluster and Venus Express

| journal = Planetary and Space Science

| year = 2011

| doi=10.1016/j.pss.2010.04.019

| bibcode=2011P&SS...59.1028E

|display-authors=etal

| volume=59

| issue = 10

| pages=1028–1038}}

• November 22 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=48007# ESA extends the Cluster mission until December 2014]
• October 4 – [http://www.nasa.gov/topics/solarsystem/sunearthsystem/main/cluster-turbulence.html# Cluster helps disentangle turbulence in the solar wind] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225221201/http://www.nasa.gov/topics/solarsystem/sunearthsystem/main/cluster-turbulence.html |date=2021-12-25 }}{{cite journal

| author = Sahraoui, F.

| year = 2010

| title = Three dimensional anisotropic k spectra of turbulence at subproton scales in the solar wind

| journal = Physical Review Letters

| volume = 105

| issue = 13

| page = 131101

| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.131101

| bibcode=2010PhRvL.105m1101S

|display-authors=etal

| pmid=21230758| hdl = 11603/30817

| hdl-access = free

}}

• September 1 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=47669# 10 years of success for Cluster quartet]{{citation

| author = Masson, A.

| title = A decade revealing the Sun-Earth connection in three dimensions

| journal =Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union

| year = 2011

| volume = 92

| issue = 1

| page = 4

| doi = 10.1029/2011EO010007

| bibcode = 2011EOSTr..92Q...4M

|display-authors=etal|doi-access = free

}}

• July 26 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=47543# Cluster makes crucial step in understanding space weather]{{cite journal

| author = Kistler, L.M.|author-link=Lynn Kistler

| title = Cusp as a source for oxygen in the plasma sheet during geomagnetic storms

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 115

| issue = A3

| pages = A03209

| year = 2010

| doi = 10.1029/2009JA014838

| bibcode=2010JGRA..115.3209K

|display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}{{cite journal

| author = Yuan, Z.

| title = Link between EMIC waves in a plasmaspheric plume and a detached sub-auroral proton arc with observations of Cluster and IMAGE satellites

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 37

| pages = L07108

| year = 2010

|bibcode = 2010GeoRL..37.7108Y

|doi = 10.1029/2010GL042711

| issue = 7 | s2cid = 129916422

| url = https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03036035/file/2010GL042711.pdf

|display-authors=etal}}

• July 16 - [http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEMHR50PFBG_index_0.html# Cluster's decade of discovery]
• July 8 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=47324# Announcement of opportunity for Cluster guest investigators]
• June 3 – [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=47112# The Cluster archive: more than 1000 users]{{cite journal

| title = The Cluster Active Archive – Studying the Earth's Space Plasma Environment

| volume = 11

| publisher = Astrophys. & Space Sci. Proc. series, Springer

| editor = Laakso, H.

| year = 2010

| doi =10.1007/978-90-481-3499-1

| pages = 1–489

|display-editors=etal|bibcode = 2010ASSP...11.....L | series = Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings

| isbn = 978-90-481-3498-4

| last1 = Laakso

| first1 = Harri

| last2 = Taylor

| first2 = Matthew

| last3 = Escoubet

| first3 = C. Philippe

| journal = The Cluster Active Archive

| url = https://cds.cern.ch/record/1339571

}}

• April 24 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=46875# High-speed plasma jets: origin uncovered]{{cite journal

| author = Hietala, H.

| year = 2009

| title = Supermagnetosonic jets behind a collisionless quasiparallel shock

| journal = Physical Review Letters

| volume = 103

| issue = 24

| page = 245001

| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.245001

| bibcode=2009PhRvL.103x5001H

|arxiv = 0911.1687 |display-authors=etal

| pmid=20366203| s2cid = 12557772

}}

• March 11 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=46685# Shocking recipe for 'killer electrons']{{cite journal

| author = Zong, Q.-G.

| title = Energetic electron response to ULF waves induced by interplanetary shocks in the outer radiation belt

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 114

| issue = A10

| pages = A10204

| year = 2009

| doi = 10.1029/2009JA014393

| bibcode=2009JGRA..11410204Z

|display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• January 20 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=46333# Multiple rifts in Earth's magnetic shield]{{cite journal

| author = Dunlop, M.

| title = Reconnection at High Latitudes: Antiparallel Merging

| journal = Physical Review Letters

| pages = 075005

|year = 2009

| volume = 102

| issue = 7

| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.075005

| bibcode=2009PhRvL.102g5005D

|display-authors=etal

| pmid=19257682}}

• October 7 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=45685# ESA extends the Cluster mission until December 2012]
• July 16 – [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=45273# Cluster shows how solar wind is heated at electron scales]{{cite journal

| author = Sahraoui, F.

| title = Evidence of a cascade and dissipation of solar-wind turbulence at the electron gyroscale

| journal = Physical Review Letters

| year = 2009

| pages = 231102

| volume = 102

| issue = 23

| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.231102

| pmid = 19658919

| bibcode=2009PhRvL.102w1102S

|display-authors=etal| hdl = 11603/30758

| hdl-access = free

}}

• June 18 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=45044# Cluster and Double Star: 1000 publications]
• April 29 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=44687# Monitoring the impact of extreme solar events]{{cite journal

| author = Dandouras, I.

| title = Magnetosphere response to the 2005 and 2006 extreme solar events as observed by the Cluster and Double Star spacecraft

| journal = Advances in Space Research

| year = 2009

| volume = 43

| issue = 23

| pages = 618–623

| bibcode = 2009AdSpR..43..618D

| doi = 10.1016/j.asr.2008.10.015 |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• March 25 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=44480# Cluster's insight into space turbulence]{{cite journal

| author = Yordanova, E.

| title = Magnetosheath plasma turbulence and its spatiotemporal evolution as observed by the Cluster spacecraft

| journal = Physical Review Letters

| year = 2008

| pages = 205003

| volume = 100

| issue = 20

| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.205003

| bibcode=2008PhRvL.100t5003Y

|display-authors=etal

| pmid=18518544}}

• February 9 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=44174# ESA extends the Cluster mission until the end of 2009]
• January 14 – [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=44012# Cluster detects invisible escaping ions]{{cite journal

| author = Engwall, E.

| title = Magnetosheath plasma turbulence and its spatiotemporal evolution as observed by the Cluster spacecraft

| journal = Nature Geoscience

| year = 2009

| volume = 2

| pages = 24–27

|bibcode = 2009NatGe...2...24E

|doi = 10.1038/ngeo387

| issue=1|display-authors=etal}}

• December 15 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=43932# The science of space weather]{{cite journal

| author = Eastwood, J.

| title = The science of space weather

| journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

| volume= 366

| issue = 1884

| pages = 4489–4500

| year = 2008

|bibcode = 2008RSPTA.366.4489E

|doi = 10.1098/rsta.2008.0161

| pmid = 18812302 | s2cid = 49410

|display-authors=etal}}

• December 5 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=43851# Looking at Jupiter to understand Earth]{{cite journal

| author = Kronberg, E.

| title = Comparison of periodic substorms at Jupiter and Earth

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume= 113

| page = A04212

| year = 2008

| issue = A4

| doi = 10.1029/2007JA012880

| bibcode = 2008JGRA..113.4212K

|display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• October 17 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=43567# Highlights from Cluster-THEMIS workshop]
• August 27 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=43299# Cluster examines Earth-escaping ions]{{cite journal

| author = Nilsson, H.

| title = An assessment of the role of the centrifugal acceleration mechanism in high altitude polar cap oxygen ion outflow

| journal = Annales Geophysicae

| volume= 26

| issue = 1

| pages = 145–157

| year = 2008

| doi = 10.5194/angeo-26-145-2008

|bibcode = 2008AnGeo..26..145N |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• August 11 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=43238# Electron trapping within reconnection]{{cite journal

| author = He, J.-S.

| title = Electron trapping around a magnetic null

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume= 35

| page = L14104

| year = 2008

| bibcode = 2008GeoRL..3514104H

| doi = 10.1029/2008GL034085

| issue = 14 |display-authors=etal| url = http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/165067/1/2008GL034085.pdf| doi-access = free}}{{cite journal

| author = He, J.-S.

| title = A magnetic null geometry reconstructed from Cluster spacecraft observations

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume= 113

| issue = A5

| page = A05205

| year = 2008

| doi = 10.1029/2007JA012609

|bibcode = 2008JGRA..113.5205H

|display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• June 27 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=43018# Beamed radio emission from Earth]{{cite journal

| author = Mutel, R.L.

| title = Cluster multispacecraft determination of AKR angular beaming

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume= 35

| page = L07104

| year = 2008

| bibcode = 2008GeoRL..35.7104M

| doi = 10.1029/2008GL033377

| issue = 7 |arxiv = 0803.0078 | s2cid = 18143005

|display-authors=etal}}

• June 9 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=42863# Reconnection - Triggered by Whistlers?]{{cite journal

| author = Wei, X.H.

| title = Cluster observations of waves in the whistler frequency range associated with magnetic reconnection in the Earth's magnetotail

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume= 112

| issue = A10

| page = A10225

| year = 2007

| doi = 10.1029/2006JA011771

|bibcode = 2007JGRA..11210225W

|display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• March 7 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=42432# Solitons found in the magnetopause]{{cite journal

| author = Trines, R.

| title = Spontaneous Generation of Self-Organized Solitary Wave Structures at Earth's Magnetopause

| journal = Physical Review Letters

| year = 2007

| volume = 99

| issue = 20

| page = 205006

| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.205006

| bibcode=2007PhRvL..99t5006T

|display-authors=etal

| pmid=18233152| url = https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/51798/1/Trines_etal_PRL2007_generation_of_self_organized_solitary_wave_structures.pdf

}}

• January 23 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=42208# Cluster result impacts future space missions]{{cite journal

| author = Phan, T.

| title = Evidence for an Elongated (>60 Ion Skin Depths) Electron Diffusion Region during Fast Magnetic Reconnection

| journal = Physical Review Letters

| year = 2007

| volume = 99

| issue = 25

| page = 255002

| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.255002

| bibcode=2007PhRvL..99y5002P

|display-authors=etal

| pmid=18233527}}

• December 6 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=41911# Cluster explains nightside ion beams]{{cite journal

| title= Spatial-Temporal characteristics of ion beamlets in the plasma sheet boundary layer of magnetotail

| author = Grigorenko, E.E.

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 112

| issue = A5

| page = A05218

| year = 2007

| doi = 10.1029/2006JA011986

|bibcode = 2007JGRA..112.5218G |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free}}

• November 21 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=41817# Cluster captures the impact of a Coronal Mass Ejection]{{cite journal

| title= Strong bulk plasma acceleration in Earth's magnetosheath: A magnetic slingshot effect?

| author = Lavraud, B.

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 34

| issue = 14

| page = L14102

| year = 2007

|bibcode = 2007GeoRL..3414102L

|doi = 10.1029/2007GL030024 |display-authors=etal| hdl = 2027.42/94743

| s2cid = 40387871

| hdl-access = free}}{{cite journal

| title= An unusual giant spiral arc in the polar cap region during the northward phase of a Coronal Mass Ejection

| author = Rosenqvist, L.

| journal = Annales Geophysicae

| volume = 25

| issue = 2

| pages = 507–517

| year = 2007

| doi= 10.5194/angeo-25-507-2007

|bibcode = 2007AnGeo..25..507R |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free}}

• November 9 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=41543# Cluster probes generalized Ohm's law in space] {{cite journal

| title= Breakdown of the frozen-in condition in the Earth's magnetotail

| author = Lui, A.T.Y.

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 112

| issue = A4

| page = A04215

| year = 2007

| doi = 10.1029/2006JA012000

|bibcode = 2007JGRA..112.4215L |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free}}

• October 22 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=41454# Cluster monitors convection cells over the polar caps]{{cite journal

| title= High-latitude plasma convection from Cluster EDI measurements: method and IMF-dependence

| author = Haaland, S.E.

| journal = Annales Geophysicae

| volume = 25

| issue = 1

| pages = 239–253

| year = 2007

| doi= 10.5194/angeo-25-239-2007

|bibcode = 2007AnGeo..25..239H |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free}}{{cite journal

| title= High-latitude plasma convection from Cluster EDI: variances and solar wind correlations

| author = Förster, M.

| journal = Annales Geophysicae

| volume = 25

| issue = 7

| pages = 1691–1707

| year = 2007

| doi= 10.5194/angeo-25-1691-2007

|bibcode = 2007AnGeo..25.1691F |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free}}

• September 11 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=41288# Cluster and Double Star pinpoint the source of bright aurorae]{{cite journal

| title= Observation of repeated intense near-Earth reconnection on closed field lines with Cluster, Double Star, and other spacecraft

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 34

| issue = 2

| pages = L02103

| year = 2007

| doi = 10.1029/2006GL028452

| bibcode = 2007GeoRL..34.2103S

| last1 = Sergeev

| first1 = V.

| last2 = Semenov

| first2 = V.

| last3 = Kubyshkina

| first3 = M.

| last4 = Ivanova

| first4 = V.

| last5 = Baumjohann

| first5 = W.

| last6 = Nakamura

| first6 = R.

| last7 = Penz

| first7 = T.

| last8 = Runov

| first8 = A.

| last9 = Zhang

| first9 = T. L.

| last10 = Glassmeier

| first10 = K.-H.

| last11 = Angelopoulos

| first11 = V.

| last12 = Frey

| first12 = H.

| last13 = Sauvaud

| first13 = J.-A.

| last14 = Daly

| first14 = P.

| last15 = Cao

| first15 = J. B.

| last16 = Singer

| first16 = H.

| last17 = Lucek

| first17 = E.

| doi-access = free

}}

• July 26 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=41208# Cluster helps reveal how the Sun shakes the Earth's magnetic field]{{cite journal

| title= Evolution and characteristics of global Pc5 ULF waves during a high solar wind speed interval

| author = Rae, J.

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research

| volume = 110

| issue = A12

| page = A12211

| year = 2005

| doi = 10.1029/2005JA011007

|bibcode = 2005JGRA..11012211R |display-authors=etal| url = https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/6675/1/art_731.pdf

| doi-access = free

}}{{cite journal

| title= Ultralow frequency modulation of energetic particles in the dayside magnetosphere

| author = Zong, Q.-G.

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 34

| page = L12105

| year = 2007

|bibcode = 2007GeoRL..3412105Z

|doi = 10.1029/2007GL029915

| issue= 12 |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free}}

• June 29 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=41145# Cluster unveils a new 3D vision of magnetic reconnection]{{cite journal

| title =Satellite observations of separator-line geometry of three-dimensional magnetic reconnection

| author =Xiao, C.J.

| journal = Nature Physics

| volume =3

| pages = 603–607

| issue=9

| year = 2007

| doi=10.1038/nphys650

|bibcode = 2007NatPh...3..609X |arxiv = 0705.1021 | s2cid =119637705

|display-authors=etal}}

• June 21 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=41120# Formation flying at closest-ever separation]
• May 11 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=40994# Cluster reveals the reformation of the Earth's bow shock]{{cite journal

| title= Nonstationarity and reformation of high-Mach-number quasiperpendicular shocks: Cluster observations

| author = Lobzin, V.V.

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 34

| page = L05107

| year = 2007

|doi = 10.1029/2006GL029095

| issue= 5 | bibcode = 2007GeoRL..34.5107L

|display-authors=etal| url = https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01556657/file/Lobzin_et_al-2007-Geophysical_Research_Letters.pdf

| doi-access = free

}}

• April 12 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=40878# Cluster finds new clues on what triggers space tsunamis]{{cite journal

| title= Cluster observation of plasma flow reversal in the magnetotail during a substorm

| author = Lui, A.T.Y.

| journal = Annales Geophysicae

| volume = 24

| issue = 7

| pages = 2005–2013

| year = 2006

| doi= 10.5194/angeo-24-2005-2006

|bibcode = 2006AnGeo..24.2005L |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free}}

• March 26 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=40852# First direct evidence in space of magnetic reconnection in turbulent plasma]{{cite journal

| title =In situ evidence of magnetic reconnection in turbulent plasma

| author =Retinò, A.

| journal = Nature Physics

| volume =3

|issue =4

| pages = 236–238

| doi =10.1038/nphys574

| year =2007

|bibcode = 2007NatPh...3..236R |display-authors=etal| doi-access =free

}}

• March 12 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=40761# A leap forward in probing magnetic reconnection in space]{{cite journal

| title= Cluster PEACE observations of electron pressure tensor divergence in the magnetotail

| author = Henderson, P.

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 33

| page = L22106

| year = 2006

|bibcode = 2006GeoRL..3322106H

|doi = 10.1029/2006GL027868

| issue= 22 |display-authors=etal|url= http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/9892/1/2006GL027868.pdf| doi-access = free}}

• February 9 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=40651# New insights in the auroral electrical circuit revealed by Cluster]{{cite journal

| title= Cluster observations of an auroral potential and associated field-aligned current reconfiguration during thinning of the plasma sheet boundary layer

| author = Marklund, G.

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 112

| issue = A1

| year = 2007

| pages = n/a

| doi = 10.1029/2006JA011804

|bibcode = 2007JGRA..112.1208M |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• December 29 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=40465# 1000th Orbit for the Cluster Mission]
• December 6 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=40420# Cluster finds magnetic reconnection within giant swirls of plasma]{{cite journal

|author = Nykyri, K.

| title = Cluster observations of reconnection due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the dawnside magnetospheric flank

| journal = Annales Geophysicae

| volume = 24

| issue = 10

| pages = 2619–2643

| year = 2006

|doi = 10.5194/angeo-24-2619-2006

|bibcode = 2006AnGeo..24.2619N |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• November 13 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=40330# Cluster takes a new look at the plasmasphere]{{cite journal

|author = Darrouzet, F.

| title = Spatial gradients in the plasmasphere from Cluster

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 33

| issue = 8

| page = L08105

| year = 2006

|bibcode = 2006GeoRL..33.8105D

|doi = 10.1029/2006GL025727 |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}{{cite journal

|author = Darrouzet, F.

| title = Analysis of plasmaspheric plumes: CLUSTER and IMAGE observations

| journal = Annales Geophysicae

| volume = 24

| issue = 6

| pages = 1737–1758

| year = 2006

|doi = 10.5194/angeo-24-1737-2006

|bibcode = 2006AnGeo..24.1737D |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• October 5 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=40032# Double Star and Cluster witness pulsated reconnection for several hours]{{cite journal

|author = Marchaudon, A.

| title = Simultaneous Double Star and Cluster FTEs observations on the dawnside flank of the magnetosphere

| journal = Annales Geophysicae

| volume = 23

| issue = 8

| pages = 2877–2887

| year = 2005

|doi = 10.5194/angeo-23-2877-2005

|bibcode = 2005AnGeo..23.2877M |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• August 24 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=39865# Cluster links magnetic substorms and Earthward directed high-speed flows]{{cite journal

|author = Cao, J.B.

| title = Joint observations by Cluster satellites of bursty bulk flows in the magnetotail

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research

| volume = 111

| issue = A4

| page = A04206

| year = 2006

| doi = 10.1029/2005JA011322

| bibcode = 2006JGRA..111.4206C

|display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• July 18 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=39706# Magnetic heart of a 3D reconnection event revealed by Cluster]{{cite journal

|author = Xiao, C.J.

| title = In situ evidence for the structure of the magnetic null in a 3D reconnection event in the Earth's magnetotail

| journal = Nature Physics

| volume = 2

| issue = 7

| pages =478–483

| year = 2006

|arxiv = physics/0606014

|bibcode = 2006NatPh...2..478X

|doi = 10.1038/nphys342 | s2cid = 18921009

|display-authors=etal}}

• June 20 - [http://www.space.com/2514-earth-surrounded-giant-fizzy-bubbles.html# Space is fizzy]{{cite journal

|author = Parks, G.

| title = Larmor radius size density holes discovered in the solar wind upstream of Earth's bow shock

| journal = Physics of Plasmas

| volume = 13

| issue = 5

| page =050701

| year = 2006

| doi = 10.1063/1.2201056

| bibcode = 2006PhPl...13e0701P

|display-authors=etal| hdl = 11603/30741

| hdl-access = free

}}

• May 19 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=39246# New Microscopic Properties of Magnetic Reconnection Derived by Cluster]{{cite journal

|author = Mozer, F.

| title = Spatial gradients in the plasmasphere from Cluster

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 32

| page = L24102

| year = 2005

|bibcode = 2005GeoRL..3224102M

|doi = 10.1029/2005GL024092

|issue = 24 |display-authors=etal|doi-access = free

}}

• March 30 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=38993# Cluster and Double Star reveal the extent of neutral sheet oscillations]{{cite journal

|author = Zhang, T.L..

| title = Double Star/Cluster observation of neutral sheet oscillations on 5 August 2004

| journal = Annales Geophysicae

| volume = 23

| issue = 8

| pages = 2909–2914

| year = 2005

|doi = 10.5194/angeo-23-2909-2005

|bibcode = 2005AnGeo..23.2909Z |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• February 24 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=38841# Cluster reveals fundamental 3-D properties of magnetic turbulence]{{cite journal

|author = Sahraoui, F.

| title = Anisotropic turbulent spectra in the terrestrial magnetosheath: Cluster observations

| journal = Physical Review Letters

| year = 2006

| volume = 96

| issue = 7

| page = 075002

| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.075002

| pmid = 16606099

| bibcode=2006PhRvL..96g5002S

| url = https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00153449/file/sahraoui2006.pdf

|display-authors=etal}}

• February 1 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=38705# The Cluster Active Archive goes live]
• January 11 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=38574# Cover of Nature Magazine: Feel the Force]{{cite journal

|author = Phan, T.

| title = A magnetic reconnection X-line extending more than 390 Earth radii in the solar wind

| journal = Nature

| volume = 439

| issue = 7073

| pages =175–178

| year = 2006

|bibcode = 2006Natur.439..175P

|doi = 10.1038/nature04393 |display-authors=etal

| pmid=16407946| s2cid = 4381256

}}

• December 22 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=38475# Cluster helps to protect astronauts and satellites against killer electrons]{{cite journal

| author = Horne, R.B.

| title = Wave acceleration of electrons in the Van Allen radiation belts

| journal = Nature

| volume = 437

| pages = 227–230

| year = 2005

|bibcode = 2005Natur.437..227H

| doi = 10.1038/nature03939

| issue = 7056

| pmid=16148927| s2cid = 1530882

|display-authors=etal}}

• September 21 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=37944# Double Star and Cluster observe first evidence of crustal cracking]
• August 10 - [http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEM18O808BE_index_0.html# From ‘macro’ to ‘micro’ – turbulence seen by Cluster]{{cite journal

| author = Sundkvist, D.

| title = In situ multi-satellite detection of coherent vortices as a manifestation of Alfvénic turbulence

| journal = Nature

| volume = 436

| pages = 825–828

| year = 2005

|bibcode = 2005Natur.436..825S

| doi = 10.1038/nature03931

| pmid = 16094363

| issue = 7052 | s2cid = 4430255

|display-authors=etal}}

• July 28 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=37592# First direct measurements of the ring current]{{cite journal

| author = Vallat, C.

| title = First current density measurements in the ring current region using simultaneous multi-spacecraft CLUSTER-FGM data

| journal = Annales Geophysicae

| volume = 23

| issue = 5

| pages = 1849–1865

| year = 2005

| doi = 10.5194/angeo-23-1849-2005

|bibcode = 2005AnGeo..23.1849V |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• July 14 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=37680# Five years of formation flying with Cluster]
• April 28 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=36938# Calming effect of a solar storm]{{cite journal

| author = Øieroset, M.

| title = Global cooling and densification of the plasma sheet during an extended period of purely northward IMF on October 22–24, 2003

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 32

| issue = 12

| page = L12S07

| year = 2005

| doi = 10.1029/2004GL021523

| bibcode=2005GeoRL..3212S07O

|display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}{{cite journal

| author = Li, W.

| title = Plasma sheet formation during long period of northward IMF

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 32

| issue = 12

| page = L12S08

| year = 2005

| doi = 10.1029/2004GL021524

| bibcode=2005GeoRL..3212S08L

|display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• February 18 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=36556# Cluster will become the first multi-scale mission]
• February 4 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=36447# Direct observation of 3D magnetic reconnection]{{cite journal

| author = Louarn, P.

| title = Cluster observations of complex 3D magnetic structures at the magnetopause

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 31

| page = L19805

| year = 2004

|bibcode = 2004GeoRL..3119805L

|doi = 10.1029/2004GL020625

| issue = 19 |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• December 12 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=36209# Cluster determines the spatial scale of high speed flows in the magnetotail]{{cite journal

| author = Nakamura, R.

| title = Spatial scale of high-speed flows in the plasma sheet observed by Cluster

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 31

| page = L09804

| year = 2004

|bibcode = 2004GeoRL..31.9804N

|doi = 10.1029/2004GL019558

| issue = 9 |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• November 24 [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=36142# Four-point observations of solar wind discontinuities]{{cite journal

| author = Knetter, T.

| title = Four-point discontinuity observations using Cluster magnetic field data: A statistical survey

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research

| volume = 109

| issue = A6

| page = A06102

| year = 2004

| doi = 10.1029/2003JA010099

| bibcode = 2004JGRA..109.6102K

|display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• September 17 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=35847# Cluster locates the source of non-thermal terrestrial continuum radiation by triangulation]{{cite journal

| author = Décréau, P.

| title = Observation of continuum radiations from the Cluster fleet: first results from direction finding

| journal = Annales Geophysicae

| volume = 22

| pages = 2607–2624

| year = 2004

| doi = 10.5194/angeo-22-2607-2004

| issue = 7

|bibcode = 2004AnGeo..22.2607D |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• August 12 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=35672# Cluster finds giant gas vortices at the edge of Earth's magnetic bubble]{{cite journal

| author = Hasegawa, H.

| title = Transport of solar wind into Earth's magnetosphere through rolled-up Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices

| journal = Nature

| volume = 430

| pages = 755–758

| year = 2004

|bibcode = 2004Natur.430..755H

|doi = 10.1038/nature02799

| issue = 7001 |display-authors=etal

| pmid=15306802| s2cid = 4335442

}}

• June 23 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=35478# Cluster discovers internal origin of the plasma sheet oscillations]{{cite journal

| author = Sergeev, V.

| title = Orientation and propagation of current sheet oscillations

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 31

| page = L05807

| year = 2004

|bibcode = 2004GeoRL..31.5807S

|doi = 10.1029/2003GL019346

| issue = 5 |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• May 13 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=35501# Cluster captures a triple cusp]{{cite journal

| author = Zong, Q.-G.

| title = Triple cusps observed by Cluster-Temporal or spatial effect?

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 31

| page = L09810

| year = 2004

|doi = 10.1029/2003GL019128

| issue = 9 | bibcode = 2004GeoRL..31.9810Z

| s2cid = 129833434

|display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• May 11 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=35501# Cluster observes finite amplitude Alfvén waves and small-scale magnetic filaments downstream of a quasi-perpendicular shock]{{cite journal

| author1 = O. Alexandrova| author2= A. Mangeney| author3=M. Maksimovic| author4=C. Lacombe| author5=N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin| author6=E. A. Lucek| author7=P. M. E. Décréau| author8=J.-M. Bosqued| author9=P. Travnicek| author10= A. N. Fazakerley

| title = Cluster observations of finite amplitude Alfvén waves and small-scale magnetic filaments downstream of a quasi-perpendicular shock

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 109

| page = A05207

| year = 2004

|doi = 10.1029/2003JA010056

| issue = A5 | bibcode = 2004JGRA..109.5207A

| s2cid =

|display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• April 5 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=35500# First attempt to estimate Earth's bow shock thickness]{{cite journal

| author = Bale, S.

| year = 2003

| title = Density-Transition Scale at Quasiperpendicular Collisionless Shocks

| journal = Physical Review Letters

| volume = 91

| issue = 26

| page = 265004

| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.265004

| bibcode=2003PhRvL..91z5004B

|display-authors=etal

| pmid=14754061}}

• 3 December 2003 - [https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2003/03dec_magneticcracks# Cracks in Earth's magnetic shield (NASA website)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229152647/https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2003/03dec_magneticcracks |date=2021-12-29 }}{{cite journal

| author = Frey, H.

| title = Continuous magnetic reconnection at Earth's magnetopause

| journal = Nature

| volume = 426

| pages = 533–537

| year = 2003

| bibcode = 2003Natur.426..533F

| doi = 10.1038/nature02084

| issue = 6966 |display-authors=etal

| pmid=14654835| s2cid = 4421604

}}

• 29 June 2003 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=38338# Multi-point observations of magnetic reconnection]{{cite journal

| author = Runov, A.

| title = Current sheet structure near magnetic X-line observed by Cluster

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 30

| issue = 10

| pages = 1579

| year = 2003

| doi = 10.1029/2002GL016730

|bibcode = 2003GeoRL..30.1579R |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• 20 May 2003 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=32256# ESA's Cluster solves auroral puzzle]{{cite journal

| author = Phan, T.

| title = Simultaneous Cluster and IMAGE Observations of Cusp Reconnection and Auroral Spot for Northward IMF

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 30

| issue = 10

| pages = n/a

| year = 2003

| doi = 10.1029/2003GL016885

|bibcode = 2003GeoRL..30.1509P | s2cid = 117920602

|display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• 29 January 2003 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=38334# Bifurcation of the tail current]{{cite journal

| author = Runov, A.

| title = Cluster observation of a bifurcated current sheet

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 30

| page = 1036

| year = 2003

| bibcode = 2003GeoRL..30.1036R

| doi = 10.1029/2002GL016136

| issue = 2 | s2cid = 121878799

|display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• 28 January 2003 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=38326# Electric current measured in space for the first time]{{cite journal

| author = Dunlop, M.

| title = Four-point Cluster application of magnetic field analysis tools: The Curlometer

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research

| volume = 107

| issue = A11

| page = 1384

| year = 2002

| doi = 10.1029/2001JA005088

|bibcode = 2002JGRA..107.1384D |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• 29 December 2002 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=38333# Thickness of the tail current sheet estimated in space for the first time]{{cite journal

| author = Nakamura, R.

| title = Fast flow during current sheet thinning

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 29

| page = 2140

| year = 2002

|bibcode = 2002GeoRL..29.2140N

|doi = 10.1029/2002GL016200

| issue = 23 | url = https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/143678/1/2002GL016200.pdf

|display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• 1 October 2002 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=38332# Telescopic/Microscopic view of a substorm]{{cite journal

| author = Baker, D.N.

| title = A telescopic and microscopic view of a magnetospheric substorm on 31 March 2001

| journal = Geophysical Research Letters

| volume = 29

| page = 1862

| year = 2002

| bibcode = 2002GeoRL..29.1862B

| doi = 10.1029/2001GL014491

| issue = 18 |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• 11 December 2001 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=29100# Cluster quartet probes the secrets of the black aurora]{{cite journal

| author = Marklund, G.

| title = Temporal evolution of the electric field accelerating electrons away from the auroral ionosphere

| journal = Nature

| volume = 414

| pages = 724–727

| year = 2001

| issue = 6865

| doi = 10.1038/414724a

| bibcode = 2001Natur.414..724M

|display-authors=etal

| pmid=11742392| s2cid = 4418541

}}

• 31 October 2001 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=38331# First measurements of density gradients in space]{{cite journal

| author = Décréau, P.

| title = Early results from the Whisper instrument on Cluster: an overview

| journal = Annales Geophysicae

| volume = 19

| issue = 10/12

| pages = 1241–1258

| year = 2001

| doi = 10.5194/angeo-19-1241-2001

| bibcode = 2001AnGeo..19.1241D

|display-authors=etal| doi-access = free

}}

• 9 October 2001 - [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=28549# Double cusp observed by Cluster]{{cite book

| title = Outer Magnetospheric Boundaries: Cluster Results

| publisher = reprinted from Space Sci. Rev., 118, 1–4, Springer, Berlin

| year = 2005

| pages = 1–434

|editor1=Paschmann, G. |editor2=S.J. Schwartz |editor3=C.P. Escoubet |editor4=S. Haal |bibcode = 2005ombc.book.....P

}}

• 1 February 2001 – [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=26053# Official start of scientific operations]

• {{cite journal

|author=Escoubet, C.P. |author2=A. Masson |author3=H. Laakso |author4=M.L. Goldstein

| title = Cluster after 20 years of operations: Science highlights and technical challenges

| year = 2021

| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

| volume = 126

|issue=8 | doi = 10.1029/2021JA029474

|bibcode=2021JGRA..12629474E | doi-access = free |ref=none

|hdl=11603/25562

|hdl-access=free

}}

• {{cite journal

|author=Escoubet, C.P. |author2=A. Masson |author3=H. Laakso |author4=M.L. Goldstein

| title = Recent highlights from Cluster, the first 3-D magnetospheric mission

| year = 2015

| journal = Annales Geophysicae

| volume = 33

| issue = 10

| pages = 1221–1235

| doi = 10.5194/angeo-33-1221-2015

|bibcode = 2015AnGeo..33.1221E | doi-access = free |ref=none

| hdl = 11603/31311

| hdl-access = free

}}

• {{cite journal

|author1=Escoubet, C.P. |author2=M. Taylor |author3=A. Masson |author4=H. Laakso |author5=J. Volpp |author6=M. Hapgood |author7=M.L. Goldstein

| title = Dynamical processes in space: Cluster results

| year = 2013

| journal = Annales Geophysicae

| volume = 31

| issue = 6

| pages = 1045–1059

| doi = 10.5194/angeo-31-1045-2013

|bibcode = 2013AnGeo..31.1045E |doi-access = free |ref=none

}}

• {{cite book

|author=Taylor, M. |author2=C.P. Escoubet |author3=H. Laakso |author4=A. Masson |author5=M. Goldstein

| title = The Cluster Active Archive

| chapter = The Cluster Mission: Space Plasma in Three Dimensions

| pages = 309–330

| publisher = Astrophys. & Space Sci. Proc., Springer

| editor = H. Laakso

| year = 2010

|display-editors=etal| doi = 10.1007/978-90-481-3499-1_21

| series = Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings

| isbn = 978-90-481-3498-4 |ref=none

}}

• {{cite journal

| author = Escoubet, C.P. |author2=M. Fehringer |author3=M. Goldstein

| title = The Cluster mission

| journal = Annales Geophysicae

| volume = 19

| pages = 1197–1200

| year = 2001

| doi = 10.5194/angeo-19-1197-2001

| issue = 10/12

|bibcode = 2001AnGeo..19.1197E

| doi-access= free |ref=none

| hdl= 11603/30657

| hdl-access= free

}}

• {{cite journal

| author = Escoubet, C.P. |author2=R. Schmidt |author3=M.L. Goldstein

| title = Cluster - Science and Mission Overview

| journal = Space Science Reviews

| volume = 79

| pages = 11–32

| year = 1997

|bibcode = 1997SSRv...79...11E |doi = 10.1023/A:1004923124586 |s2cid=116954846 |ref=none

|hdl= 11603/30578|hdl-access= free}}

All 3793 publications related to the Cluster and the Double Star missions (count as of 31 March 2025) can be found on the [https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/csa/publications publication section of the ESA Cluster mission website]. Among these publications, 3297 are refereed publications, 342 proceedings, 124 PhDs and 31 other types of theses.

{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

• [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/area/index.cfm?fareaid=8 ESA Cluster mission website]
• [http://csa.esac.esa.int/ The Cluster Science Archive], the public data archive of the Cluster and the Double Star missions
• [http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Operations/SEMYSMQJNVE_0.html More on spacecraft operations]
• [https://twitter.com/ESA_Cluster ESA Cluster mission Twitter account]
• [http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/spat/research/missions/space_missions/clusterhomepage/ Imperial College London role in the Cluster mission]
• [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/mssl/space-plasma-physics/missions/cluster-peace/ University College London's Mullard Space Science Laboratory's role in the Cluster mission] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307102606/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/mssl/space-plasma-physics/missions/cluster-peace/ |date=2016-03-07 }}
• [http://royalsociety.org/summer-science/2011/aurora-explorer/ Cluster: aurora explorer, an exhibit at the Royal Society Summer Exhibition 2011]
• [http://caa.esac.esa.int/caa/home.xml The Cluster Active Archive] (former public data archive, up to 2014)
• [https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/cluster Cluster mission article on eoPortal by ESA]

{{Magnetosphere}}

{{ESA projects|state=collapsed}}

{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cluster (Spacecraft)}}

Category:European Space Agency space probes

Category:2000 in spaceflight

Category:Geospace monitoring satellites

Category:Geomagnetic satellites