College Park Airport

College Park Airport was established in August 1909 by the United States Army Signal Corps to serve as a training location for Wilbur Wright to instruct two military officers to fly in the government's first airplane. Leased on August 25, the first airplane, a Wright Type A biplane, was uncrated and assembled on October 7. Civilian aircraft began flying from College Park Airport as early as December 1911, making it the world's oldest continuously operated airport.{{Cite web|last=Aviation: From Sand Dunes to Sonic Booms|date=2017-08-29|title=College Park Airport (U.S. National Park Service)|url=https://www.nps.gov/articles/college-park-airport.htm|access-date=2020-07-17|website=National Park Service|language=en}} In 1977, the airport was added to the National Register of Historic Places.{{cite web |url=https://mht.maryland.gov/secure/medusa/PDF/NR_PDFs/NR-436.pdf |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: College Park Airport |date=August 1976|access-date=August 1, 2015 |last1= Aleshire |first1= William A. |first2= Robert F. |last2= Sellers |publisher=Maryland Historical Trust}}

College Park Airport is home to many "firsts" in aviation, and is particularly significant for the well-known aviators and aviation inventors who played a part in this field's long history. In 1909, Wilbur Wright taught Lieutenants Frederic Humphreys and Frank Lahm. Humphreys became the first military pilot to solo in a government airplane. The same year on October 27, Mrs. Ralph Henry Van Deman was flown by Wilbur Wright to become the first woman to fly in a powered aircraft in the United States.{{cite journal|journal=Air Progress|date=August 1989|title=Only Yesterday|author=Nick Komos|page=60}}

Civilian aviation began at College Park with Rex Smith, an inventor and patent attorney, who operated the Rex Smith Aeroplane Company. Paul Peck and Tony Jannus were associates of his.

In April 1910, the Aero Club of America chapters from Washington and Baltimore chose the College Park Airport for the next James Gordon Bennett Race. $11,000 was raised locally of the $100,000 prize. Belmont Park in New York was chosen instead for the October meet.{{cite journal |author=Crouch |first=Tom D. |year=2010 |title=Aero Club of Washington: Aviation in the Nation's Capital, 1909-1914 |journal=Washington History |volume=22 |page=44}}

The Christmas Aeroplane Company of Washington, D.C., built its first aircraft, the "Red Bird II" at College Park Airport with a claimed flight on 15 October 1911. The "Red Bird III" was built in the spring of 1912, with a contract from the U.S. Postal service to deliver Air Mail.{{cite book |title=First to Fly: North Carolina & the Beginnings of Aviation |year=2002 |url= https://archive.org/details/firsttoflynorthc0000parr |url-access=registration |first=Thomas C. |last= Parramore}}

In 1911, the nation's first military aviation school was opened at College Park, with newly trained pilots then-Lt. Henry H. Arnold and Lt. Thomas DeWitt Milling as Wright pilot instructors and Capt. Paul W. Beck as the Curtiss instructor. William Starling Burgess also brought a licensed Wright Model B named the Burgess Model F.{{cite news|newspaper=The Washington Post|title=Army Aviation School Is One Month Old Today |date=July 23, 1911}} The military aviation school saw numerous aviation firsts. Shortly following the cancellation of an international air meet at the airport in the fall of 1912, all aviators on the field participated in a demonstration for the International Congress of Hygiene participants.{{cite news|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=September 18, 1912|title=No Aviation Meet Here: Col. Scriven, of Signal Corps, Says Plans Have Been Abandoned }}

On October 7, 1912, Bernetta Adams Miller became the first woman to demonstrate a flight in a military aircraft.

In 1915 Cecil Peoli, one of the world's first professional aviators, died testing his 12-cylinder Rausenburger-powered biplane at College Park in preparation for New York and St. Louis cross country flights.{{cite journal |date=April 19, 1915 |title=Cecil M. Peoli Killed In New Biplane |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qc5LAAAAYAAJ&dq=Cecil%20Peoll&pg=PA110 |journal=Aerial Age |volume=1 |pages=110}}

In 1918, after a three-month trial with the War Department beginning May 15, the Post Office Department inaugurated the first Postal Airmail Service from College Park, serving Philadelphia and New York City (Belmont Park). Flights from College Park continued until 1921. The compass rose and original airmail hangar remain at the modern airport as a witness to this history. The airport code "CGS" originally referred to the airport's purpose in the 1930s as an airmail station (CGS = ColleGe Station).

In 1920, Emile and Henry Berliner (father and son) brought their theories of vertical flight to the field and in 1924 made the first controlled helicopter flight.

From 1927 until 1933, the Bureau of Standards developed and tested the first radio navigational aids for use in "blind" or bad weather flying. This was the forerunner of the modern Instrument Landing System used today by aircraft.

In 1937, the Engineering & Research Corporation (ERCO), based across the street (Good Luck Rd, now Campus Drive) in nearby Riverdale, Maryland, used the airport to test fly the early model of the Ercoupe, an airplane designed to be spin-proof.

George Brinckerhoff took over management of the Airfield and ran it from 1927 until 1959, hosting numerous airshows and teaching hundreds of pilots to fly during his tenure.{{cite news|newspaper=The Washington Post|title='Field of Firsts' Lands a Museum: Wright Brothers, Aviation School Enrich History of College Park Airport|date=21 September 1995|author=Eugune L. Meyer}}

The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission (M-NCPPC) purchased the Airport in 1973 and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. A small museum was established in 1981 drawing 400–500 visitors on a weekend. Today it is run as both a historic site and operating airport whose history is depicted in the {{convert|27000|sqft|m2|-2|abbr=on}} College Park Aviation Museum.

Since the 9/11 attacks, and owing to the airport's proximity to the national capital, the operations of the airport have been severely restricted by the Transportation Security Administration in the interest of national security, but civilian pilots are still free to use the airport after going through a one-time background check procedure.

In 2015, Southern Management Corporation proposed a {{convert|233|foot|adj=on}}, 13-story hotel on University of Maryland property in the approach path of the airport. The project was approved by the county but exceeded a {{convert|198|foot|adj=on}} tall FAA limit for a building at location in the flight path, prompting a redesign as a 10-story hotel.{{cite news|newspaper=The Washington Post|title=A proposed luxury hotel in College Park was considered a possible hazard for air traffic|first=Luz |last=Lazo|date=February 5, 2015}}{{cite news|newspaper=The Diamondback|title=UMD construction projects could limit historic College Park Airport use|date= February 4, 2015|author= Joe Zimmermann}}{{cite journal|journal=AOPA Pilot|title=Saving Airports|page=96|date=February 2015}} Ground was broken for the hotel later in 2015 and opened in 2017.{{Cite web|last=Roscoe|first=Jack|date=2017-09-07|title=The Hotel at the University of Maryland opens Friday after two years of construction - The Diamondback|url=https://www.dbknews.com/2017/09/08/the-hotel-umd-college-park/|access-date=2020-07-17|website=The Diamondback}}

In 2022, Tailwind Air announced plans to begin a scheduled flight service from College Park to Skyport Marina, on Manhattan's East Side, on board a Cessna Grand Caravan. Service was set to begin on September 13,{{Cite web |title="Tailwind Air Announces First-Ever Seaplane Service from Washington, D.C., area to Manhattan's East River" |url=https://www.popville.com/2022/08/seaplane-college-park-to-nyc-manhattan-east-river/ |date= August 18, 2022 |access-date= August 28, 2022 |website=PoPville |language=en}} but service was delayed due to security concerns from the Transportation Security Administration and the Federal Aviation Administration.Duncan, Ian (September 12, 2022). "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2022/09/12/tailwind-air-college-park/ Federal security concerns delay planned seaplane flights to College Park]". The Washington Post.

File:College Park airport building runway.jpg

College Park Airport covers {{convert|70|acre}} and has one runway:

• Runway 15/33: {{convert|2980|x|60|ft}}, Surface: Asphalt

The road to the airport is named in honor of Corporal Frank S. Scott, who was the first US enlisted man to die in a military aircraft, an accident which occurred at this airfield.

File:Aviation museum College Park MD.jpg

File:Aviation museum inside College Park MD.jpg

The College Park Aviation Museum first opened to the public in 1981, and houses antique and reproduction aircraft associated with the history of College Park Airport. The current museum building opened on September 12, 1998.Horton Edsall, Margaret (August 28, 1998). "[https://www.newspapers.com/image/43232279/ Air fair, Paca plant sale among September treats]". The Capital (Annapolis, Maryland). p. 23. It includes a 90-seat auditorium, a non-circulating appointment-only library, gift shop, museum offices, and a replica of the original 1909 College Park Airport hangar, in addition to a main hangar with aircraft and exhibits on display.{{cite web |title= Recent History |url= http://www.collegeparkaviationmuseum.com/About_Us/History/Recent_History.htm |access-date= February 15, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150215221225/http://www.collegeparkaviationmuseum.com/About_Us/History/Recent_History.htm |archive-date= February 15, 2015 |url-status=dead}} Artifacts and hands-on activities highlight the aviators, aircraft builders and airplanes that operated at the airport. Aircraft on display are:

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• Berliner Helicopter No. 5{{cite web |title=1924 BERLINER HELICOPTER NO. 5 |url=http://www.collegeparkaviationmuseum.com/1638/1924-Berliner-Helicopter-No-5 |website=College Park Aviation Museum |access-date=26 April 2020}}
• Blériot XI (replica){{cite web |title=1912 BLÈRIOT XI REPRODUCTION |url=http://www.collegeparkaviationmuseum.com/1636/1912-Blriot-XI-Reproduction |website=College Park Aviation Museum |access-date=26 April 2020}}
• Boeing-Stearman Model 75{{cite web |title=1941 BOEING A75N1/PT-17 "STEARMAN" |url=http://www.collegeparkaviationmuseum.com/1656/1941-Boeing-A75N1PT-17-Stearman |website=College Park Aviation Museum |access-date=26 April 2020}}
• Curtiss JN-4D{{cite web |title=1916 CURTISS JN-4D "JENNY" MILITARY TRACTOR |url=http://www.collegeparkaviationmuseum.com/1637/1916-Curtiss-JN-4D-Jenny-Military-Tracto |website=College Park Aviation Museum |access-date=26 April 2020}}
• Curtiss Model D (replica){{cite web |title=1911 CURTISS MODEL D REPRODUCTION |url=http://www.collegeparkaviationmuseum.com/1635/1911-Curtiss-Model-D-Reproduction |website=College Park Aviation Museum |access-date=26 April 2020}}
• ERCO 415D Ercoupe{{cite web |title=1946 ERCOUPE 415D |url=http://www.collegeparkaviationmuseum.com/1657/1946-Ercoupe-415D |website=College Park Aviation Museum |access-date=26 April 2020}}
• Monocoupe 110{{cite web |title=1932 MONOCOUPE 110 |url=http://www.collegeparkaviationmuseum.com/1639/1932-Monocoupe-110 |website=College Park Aviation Museum |access-date=26 April 2020}}
• Taylor J-2{{cite web |title=1936 TAYLOR J-2 "CUB" |url=http://www.collegeparkaviationmuseum.com/1640/1936-Taylor-J-2-Cub |website=College Park Aviation Museum |access-date=26 April 2020}}
• Taylorcraft BL-65{{cite web |title=1939 TAYLORCRAFT BL-65 |url=http://www.collegeparkaviationmuseum.com/1641/1939-Taylorcraft-BL-65 |website=College Park Aviation Museum |access-date=26 April 2020}}
• Wright Model B (replica){{cite web |title=1910 WRIGHT MODEL B REPRODUCTION |url=http://www.collegeparkaviationmuseum.com/1634/1910-Wright-Model-B-Reproduction |website=College Park Aviation Museum |access-date=26 April 2020}}

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The museum offers rotating exhibits, special events, lectures, workshops and programs for the public, schools and groups. There are also an extensive library and archives which hold materials relating to the airport's history, early aviation history, especially relating to Maryland, and general aeronautics including related children's books.{{cite web|title=Library|url=http://www.collegeparkaviationmuseum.com/About_Us/Library.htm|access-date=15 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215221328/http://www.collegeparkaviationmuseum.com/About_Us/Library.htm|archive-date=15 February 2015|url-status=dead}} The museum is an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution.{{cite web | title=College Park Aviation Museum | publisher=USAF.com | url=http://www.usaf.com/museums/college_park_aviation_museum.htm | access-date= Jul 15, 2011}} It is owned and operated by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission.Meyer, Eugene L. (September 20, 1998). "[https://www.newspapers.com/image/159400347/ Explore aviation in its infancy at historic airport]". The Washington Post. The News Journal (Wilmington, Delaware). p. J3.

• List of airports in Maryland

{{reflist}}

• [http://www.collegeparkairport.com College Park Airport Main Website]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20140307102116/http://www.pgparks.com/page41525.aspx M-NCPPC College Park Airport]
• [http://www.collegeparkaviationmuseum.com/1593/College-Park-Aviation-Museum College Park Aviation Museum]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070703230334/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/aviation/ Aviation: From Sand Dunes to Sonic Booms, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary]
• [http://www.chet-aero.com/college-park.php College Park Airport in the early 1930s (with photos)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820000021/http://www.chet-aero.com/college-park.php |date=2012-08-20 }}

{{US-airport-ga|CGS}}

• {{MHT url|id=438|title=College Park Airport, Prince George's County, Inventory No.: PG:66-4}}, including aerial photo in 1937, at Maryland Historical Trust website

{{College Park, Maryland}}

{{National Register of Historic Places in Maryland}}

{{Airports in the Baltimore-Washington area}}

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Category:Airports in Maryland

Category:Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland

Category:Airports established in 1909

Category:Transportation buildings and structures in Prince George's County, Maryland

Category:Smithsonian Institution affiliates

Category:1909 establishments in Maryland

Category:National Register of Historic Places in Prince George's County, Maryland

Category:Airports on the National Register of Historic Places

Category:Transportation buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland