Colonial exhibition

{{Short description|Type of exhibition held to promote colonial empires}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}

File:1931 Counter Exhibition.jpg

File:Plan_Exposition_universelle_Lyon_1894_Parc_Tête_d'Or.jpg File:Berlin, Treptow, Gewerbeausstellung 1896, Übersicht.jpg File:Postcard from the Exposition Internationale de Bruxelles (1897).jpg

File:Đấu xảo Hà Nội 1902.jpg

File:Franco-British Exhibition.jpg

File:Agricultural Hall Islington ILN 1861.jpg

File:Festival of Empire 1911 from Candian House.jpg

File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Gezicht over de paviljoens op het terrein van de Koloniale Tentoonstelling in Semarang TMnr 60026651.jpg

File:Palace of Industry British Empire Exhibition 1924 1.JPG

A colonial exhibition was a type of international exhibition that was held to boost trade. During the 1880s and beyond, colonial exhibitions had the additional aim of bolstering popular support for the various colonial empires during the New Imperialism period, which included the scramble for Africa.

The first colonial exhibition, in Victoria, Australia, in 1866, was the progeny of 25 years of similar exhibitions held in Melbourne, in which other colonies within the Australian continent participated.

Perhaps the most notable colonial exhibition was the 1931 Paris Colonial Exposition, which lasted six months and sold 33 million tickets.{{cite book |title=1931: Les Étrangers au temps de l'Exposition Coloniale |first1=Laure |last1=Blevis |first2=Hélène |last2=Lafout-Couturieur |publisher=Gallimard |location=Paris |year=2008 |display-authors=etal}} Paris's Colonial Exhibition opened on 6 May 1931 on 110 hectares (272 acres) of the Bois de Vincennes. The exhibition included dozens of temporary museums and façades representing the various colonies of the European nations, as well as several permanent buildings. Among these were the Palais de la Porte Dorée, designed by architect Albert Laprode, which then housed the Musée permanent des Colonies, and serves today as the Cité nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration.

The French Communist Party held an anti-colonial counter-exhibition near the 1931 Colonial Exhibition, titled The Truth About the Colonies. The first section was dedicated to crimes during the colonial conquests, and quoted Albert Londres and André Gide's criticisms of forced labour. The second one contrasted the Soviet Union's "nationalities policy" with "imperialist colonialism".

Germany and Portugal also staged colonial exhibitions. Human zoos were featured in some of the exhibitions, such as the Parisian 1931 exhibition.{{cite web|url=http://www.ces.uc.pt/formacao/materiais_racismo_pos_racismo/From_human_zoos_to_colonial_apotheoses_the_era_of_exhibiting_the_Other.htm |title=From human zoos to colonial apotheoses: the era of exhibiting the Other |publisher=Centro de Estudos Sociais |access-date=2014-02-03}}

The Empire of Japan hosted colonial showcases in exhibitions within the Home Islands, but also held several full-scale expositions inside its colonies of Korea and Taiwan. These exhibitions had objectives comparable to their European counterparts, highlighting economic achievements and social progress under Japanese colonial rule to Japanese and colonial subjects alike.

File:British Empire flag RMG RP 17 35.jpg distributed at the British Empire Exhibition.]]

Brussels was the venue for the last colonial exhibition: the Belgian Foire coloniale, held in 1948.

Colonial exhibitions

Exhibitions that may be described as colonial exhibitions include the following.

class="wikitable sortable"
Name of exhibition

!Date

!Location

!Country

!Notes

|Sydney International Exhibition1879|Sydney{{flag|New South Wales}}{{refn|group=note|Exhibitions in Australia started 25 years earlier, when the colonies of Victoria and New South Wales, inspired by the 1851 Great Exhibition in London, mounted their own exhibitions in 1854 in preparation for the Paris Exhibition of 1855 and in 1861 for the London Exhibition of 1862. These earlier exhibitions were known as Metropolitan Intercolonial Exhibitions: "intercolonial" referring to the Australian colonies that became states of Australia after federation in 1901, not those in separate countries of the British Empire.{{cite web |url= http://latrobejournal.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-56/t1-g-t4.html |title= Over the border: Victoria at interstate exhibitions |last= Cowley |first= Des |date= 1995 |website= The La Trobe Journal |publisher= The State Library Victoria |access-date= 22 July 2019}}}}
| Internationale Koloniale en Uitvoerhandel Tentoonstelling1883Amsterdam{{flag|Netherlands}}
| Colonial and Indian Exhibition1886London{{flag|United Kingdom}}
Philippines Exposition1887Madrid{{Flagicon|Spain|1874}} Spain
| Exposition Universelle1889Paris{{flag|France}}
| Exposition internationale et coloniale1894Lyon{{flag|France}}
| Exposição Insular e Colonial Portuguesa1894Porto{{flagicon|Portugal|1830}} Portugal
| Great Industrial Exposition1896Berlin{{flag|Germany|empire}}
| Exposition nationale et coloniale1896Rouen{{flag|France}}
| Brussels International1897Brussels{{flag|Belgium}}
Exposition internationale et coloniale1898Rochefort{{flag|France}}
| Greater America Exposition1899Omaha{{flag|United States}}
| Hanoi exhibition1902Hanoi{{flag|French Indochina}}
| United States, Colonial and International Exposition{{citation needed|date=October 2013}}1902New York City{{flag|United States}}
| {{illm|Marseille colonial exhibition|fr|Exposition coloniale de Marseille (1906)}}1906Marseille{{flag|France}}
| Exposition Coloniale1907Paris{{flag|France}}
| Franco-British Exhibition1908London{{flag|United Kingdom}}The exhibition celebrated the Entente Cordiale signed in 1904 by the United Kingdom and France.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}}
| Festival of Empire1911London{{flag|United Kingdom}}
| Exposition Universelle1910Brussels{{flag|Belgium}}
| International exhibition of marine and maritime hygiene1914Genoa{{flag|Italy|1861}}
| Colonial Exhibition1914Semarang{{flag|Dutch East Indies }}{{refn|group=note| The exhibition was to "give a comprehensive picture of the Dutch Indies in their present prosperous condition".{{cite news |title=Calendar |url=https://archive.org/stream/independen79v80newy#page/n54/mode/1up |newspaper=The Independent |date=13 July 1914 |access-date=5 August 2012}}}}
| Joseon Industrial Exhibition1915Gyeongseong (Seoul){{flagicon|Japan}} Japanese Korea
| International Exhibition of Rubber and Other Tropical Products1921London{{flag|United Kingdom}}
| Exposition nationale coloniale1922Marseille{{flag|France}}
| British Empire Exhibition1924London{{flag|United Kingdom}}
| Chosun Exhibition1929Gyeongseong (Seoul){{flagicon|Japan}} Japanese Korea
| Exposition internationale coloniale, maritime et d'art flamand1930Antwerp{{cite encyclopedia|title = Appendix B:Fair Statistics|encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of World's Fairs and Expositions|page=415|editor-last = Pelle|editor-first = Findling|publisher = McFarland & Company, Inc|year = 2008|isbn = 978-0-7864-3416-9}}{{flag|Belgium}}
| Paris Colonial Exposition1931Paris{{flag|France}}This six-month exhibition attempted to display the diverse cultures and immense resources of France's colonial possessions.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}}
| Exposição Colonial Portuguesa1934Porto{{flag|Portugal}}
| Taiwan Exposition1935Taihoku (Taipei){{flagicon|Japan}} Japanese Formosa
| Empire Exhibition1936Johannesburg{{flag|South Africa|1928}}{{refn|group=note| The Empire Exhibition held in Johannesburg from 15 September 1936 to 15 January 1937 was the first time the Empire Exhibition was held outside of Britain.{{cite web|access-date=5 December 2013|url=http://www.artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/style_det.php?styleid=523|title=Lexicon – Empire Exhibition}} It was seen as an opportunity for the expansion of British trade.{{cite journal|title=Empire Exhibition at Johannesburg | volume=137 |issue=3457 | doi=10.1038/137182a0|journal=Nature|page=182|year=1936 |doi-access=free | bibcode=1936Natur.137Q.182. }} It coincided with Johannesburg's Jubilee and was staged on a grand scale, with over twenty acres of industrial and commercial exhibits.{{cite web|access-date=30 January 2016|url=https://antiquarianauctions.com/lots/empire-exhibition-johannesburg-1936-|title=Souvenir Catalogue, Empire Exhibition, Johannesburg (1936)}} It was opened by the Governor-General.{{cite web|access-date=30 January 2016|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7czJRh9LEY |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/v7czJRh9LEY |archive-date=2021-12-14 |url-status=live|title=British Pathe News: South Africa's Empire Exhibition| website=YouTube }}{{cbignore}}}}
Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne

|1937

|Paris

|{{flag|France}}

|

| Empire Exhibition1938Glasgow{{flag|United Kingdom}}
| Deutsche Kolonial Ausstellung1939Dresden{{flag|Nazi Germany}}
| Exposição do Mundo Português1940Lisbon{{flag|Portugal}}Held primarily as a celebration of the Estado Novo. One foreign nation, Brazil, participated in the exhibition.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}}
| Foire coloniale1948Brussels{{flag|Belgium}}

File:Korea Exhibition 1929.JPG

Notes

{{Reflist|group=note}}

References

Bibliography

  • Alexander C.T. Geppert, Fleeting Cities. Imperial Expositions in Fin-de-Siècle Europe, Basingstoke/New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

See also