Color-blind casting
{{Short description|Casting practice in the performing arts}}
{{Distinguish|Blind audition}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
Color-blind casting is the practice of casting roles without regard to the actor's ethnicity or race.{{cite book |last1=Downs |first1=William Missouri |title=The Art of Theatre: A Concise Introduction |date=2013 |publisher=Wadsworth, Cengage Learning |location=Boston, MA |isbn=978-1-111-34831-1 |pages=181–182 |url=https://archive.org/details/artoftheatreconc0000down |url-access=registration}} Alternative terms and similar practices include non-traditional casting, integrated casting, or blind casting,{{efn|"Blind casting" can be shorthand for either color-blind or gender-blind casting}} which can involve casting without consideration of skin color, body shape, sex or gender.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}} A representative of the Actors' Equity Association has disputed the use of "color blind casting", preferring "non-traditional casting". Non-traditional casting "is defined as the casting of ethnic minority actors in roles where race, ethnicity, or gender is not germane".{{Cite news | last = Eisenberg | first = Alan | title = NONTRADITIONAL CASTING; When Race and Sex Don't Matter | newspaper = The New York Times | date = 1988-10-23 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/23/theater/l-nontraditional-casting-when-race-and-sex-don-t-matter-486788.html | access-date = 6 February 2017 | archive-date = 18 March 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170318065413/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/23/theater/l-nontraditional-casting-when-race-and-sex-don-t-matter-486788.html | url-status = live }} Race-reversed casting is one form of non-traditional casting.
Examples
The Non-Traditional Casting Project
The Non-Traditional Casting Project was founded in 1986 to examine problems of racial discrimination in theatre, film and television.{{cite web
|last = Jensen
|first = Sharon
|title = The Non-Traditional Casting Project
|publisher = National Endowment for the Arts
|url = http://www.arts.gov/resources/Accessibility/NTCP.html
|accessdate = 2009-07-01
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090827084308/http://www.arts.gov/resources/Accessibility/NTCP.html
|archive-date = 27 August 2009
|url-status = dead
}} The Actors' Equity Association is a co-founder.{{cite web
| title = Actors' Equity Association Benefits: EEO & Diversity
| publisher = Actors' Equity
| url = http://www.actorsequity.org/Benefits/diversity.asp
| accessdate = 2009-07-01
| archive-date = 22 March 2009
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090322050625/http://www.actorsequity.org///Benefits/diversity.asp
| url-status = dead
}}
Debate and "color-consciousness"
In the theatre community, there is significant debate over the concept of color-blind casting vs "color-conscious casting".
In 1996, Pulitzer-winning playwright August Wilson, who is black, used his Princeton University address on black culture in the United States "The Ground on Which I Stand" to attack the notion of color-blind casting.{{cite web |last1=Wilson |first1=August |title=The Ground on Which I Stand |url=https://www.americantheatre.org/2016/06/20/the-ground-on-which-i-stand/ |website=AmericanTheatre.org |date=21 June 2016 |publisher=American Theatre |accessdate=28 May 2020 |archive-date=10 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610031117/https://www.americantheatre.org/2016/06/20/the-ground-on-which-i-stand/ |url-status=live }}
{{blockquote|"Colorblind casting is an aberrant idea that has never had any validity other than as a tool of Cultural Imperialists who view American culture, rooted in the icons of European culture, as beyond reproach in its perfection ... We do not need colorblind casting; we need theatres." – August Wilson}}
In 2017, Associate Editor of American Theatre magazine Diep Tran declared "color-conscious" to be a preferable term. "Color-conscious means we're aware of the historic discrimination in the entertainment industry ... and we're also aware of what it means to put a body of color onstage.".{{cite news |last1=Gelt |first1=Jessica |title=Authenticity in casting: From 'colorblind' to 'color conscious', new rules are anything but black and white |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/la-ca-cm-authenticity-in-casting-20170713-htmlstory.html |accessdate=28 May 2020 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=13 July 2017 |archive-date=18 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518132457/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/la-ca-cm-authenticity-in-casting-20170713-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }} The idea promotes intentionality and race-conscious affirmative action to avoid racially homogeneous casts, and has been supported widely across the theatre community.{{cite web |last1=Rana |first1=Jaya |title=Are we blind to the need for blind casting? Jaya Rana discusses if the questions {{sic|surr|onding|nolink=y}} 'non-traditional' casting can ever be answered. |url=https://cherwell.org/2020/05/20/are-we-blind-to-the-need-for-blind-casting/ |website=Cherwell.org |publisher=Cherwell - Oxford's Independent Student Newspaper |accessdate=28 May 2020 |date=20 May 2020 |archive-date=28 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528020146/https://cherwell.org/2020/05/20/are-we-blind-to-the-need-for-blind-casting/ |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=The Guardian view on colour-conscious casting: mixing it up can be a good thing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/jan/30/the-guardian-view-on-colour-conscious-casting-mixing-it-up-can-be-a-good-thing |accessdate=28 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |date=30 January 2019 |archive-date=16 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916033244/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/jan/30/the-guardian-view-on-colour-conscious-casting-mixing-it-up-can-be-a-good-thing |url-status=live }}
In 2018, the Harvard Journal of Sports & Entertainment Law published the article "There's No Business Like Show Business: Abandoning Color-Blind Casting and Embracing Color-Conscious Casting in American Theatre". The article discussed the implications for US employment law and mooted that color-blind casting has not produced its intended result. "Race is still a determining factor in American society, and it is counterintuitive to argue that problems related to race can be fixed by ignoring race altogether".{{cite journal |last1=Bria Hopkins |first1=Kristin |title=There's No Business Like Show Business: Abandoning Color-Blind Casting and Embracing Color-Conscious Casting in American Theatre |journal=Harvard Journal of Sports & Entertainment Law |volume=9 |page=141 |url=https://harvardjsel.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/06/HLS201.pdf |accessdate=28 May 2020 |archive-date=27 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727025020/https://harvardjsel.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/06/HLS201.pdf |url-status=live }} The Broad Online calls a color-blind casting "a superficial solution to a deeper problem."{{cite web |last1=Willcocks |first1=Lydia |title=Colour conscious casting should be prioritised |url=https://thebroadonline.com/colour-conscious-casting-should-be-prioritised/ |website=thebroadonline.com |publisher=The Broad Online |accessdate=28 May 2020 |archive-date=14 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814010520/https://thebroadonline.com/colour-conscious-casting-should-be-prioritised/ |url-status=dead }}
Popular shows that employ color-conscious casting include: Hamilton: An American Musical, the BBC's Les Misérables, and the film Mary Queen of Scots (in which the black actor Adrian Lester plays a 16th-century ambassador). In 2017, director Michael Streeter made a color-conscious casting decision for his production of Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, believing "the decision would add depth to the play". Edward Albee's estate denied permission for the production, stating the casting "would fundamentally change the meaning and message of the play".{{cite news |last1=Paulson |first1=Michael |title=A Black Actor in Virginia Woolf? Not Happening, Albee Estate Says |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/21/theater/a-black-actor-in-virginia-woolf-not-happening-albee-estate-says.html |accessdate=28 May 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=21 May 2017 |archive-date=21 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221072402/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/21/theater/a-black-actor-in-virginia-woolf-not-happening-albee-estate-says.html |url-status=live }}
See also
Notes
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References
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Further reading
- [https://www.theguardian.com/film/2006/oct/10/news "Berry is top candidate to play white Democrat"], The Guardian, 10 October 2006.
- A. N. Wilson, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3575639/Im-ready-for-a-black-Miss-Marple.html "I'm ready for a black Miss Marple"], The Telegraph, 21 April 2002.
{{Discrimination}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Linguistic controversies
Category:Cultural appropriation
Category:Ethnic and racial stereotypes
Category:History of racism in the cinema of the United States