Columbia University Libraries

File:Columbia_Madison_Ave._library.png

The Columbia University Libraries began with the 1756 donation of the estate and library of Joseph Murray to the university, then known as King's College.{{Cite book|last=Columbia University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvAKAAAAIAAJ&q=history+of+columbia+university|title=A History of Columbia University, 1754–1904|date=1904|publisher=Columbia University Press, The Macmillan Company, agents|pages=|language=en}}{{Rp|page=428}} Valued at around £8,000, it was the largest single philanthropic gift made in colonial America.{{Cite web|last=Foner|first=Eric|date=2016|title=Eric Foner's Report|url=https://columbiaandslavery.columbia.edu/content/2-where-money-came|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-25|website=columbiaandslavery.columbia.edu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170124044250/https://columbiaandslavery.columbia.edu/content/2-where-money-came |archive-date=2017-01-24 }} In 1763 the college received over 1,000 volumes from Reverend Duncombe Bristowe of London, through the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts.{{Cite book|last=Columbia University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvAKAAAAIAAJ&q=history+of+columbia+university|title=A History of Columbia University, 1754–1904|date=1904|publisher=Columbia University Press, The Macmillan Company, agents|pages=|language=en}}{{Rp|page=428}} Among its early gifts, the college recorded that "Sundry gentlemen at Oxford gave books, whose names are in them", and in 1772 the college received directly from Oxford University, at the request of President Myles Cooper, a copy of every book published by the Oxford University Press.{{Cite journal|last=Bonnell|first=Alice H.|date=May 1976|title='Sundry Gentlemen at Oxford'|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/digital/collections/cul/texts/ldpd_6309312_025/ldpd_6309312_025.pdf|journal=Columbia Library Columns|volume=15|issue=3|pages=16–25}}

The King's College collection would largely not survive the American Revolutionary War. In 1776, College Hall was commandeered by the New York Committee of Safety to be used as a military hospital and instruction was suspended,{{Cite book|last=McCaughey|first=Robert A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ukOGv_b87IC&q=collection|title=Stand, Columbia: A History of Columbia University in the City of New York, 1754-2004|date=2003|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-13008-0|language=en}}{{Rp|page=49}} in preparation for which the contents of the college's library had been deposited in the New York City Hall.{{Cite book|last=Columbia University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvAKAAAAIAAJ&q=history+of+columbia+university|title=A History of Columbia University, 1754–1904|date=1904|publisher=Columbia University Press, The Macmillan Company, agents|pages=|language=en}}{{Rp|page=430}} Only six or seven hundred items from the King's College library were recovered following the war, and only 111 remain in Columbia University's collections today.{{Cite book|last=Columbia University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvAKAAAAIAAJ&q=history+of+columbia+university|title=A History of Columbia University, 1754–1904|date=1904|publisher=Columbia University Press, The Macmillan Company, agents|pages=|language=en}}{{Rp|page=430}} Following the war, the newly renamed Columbia College's library was rebuilt and grew over time through gifts, deposits, and purchases; by 1863 it owned nearly 15,000 volumes.{{Cite book|last=Columbia University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvAKAAAAIAAJ&q=history+of+columbia+university|title=A History of Columbia University, 1754–1904|date=1904|publisher=Columbia University Press, The Macmillan Company, agents|pages=|language=en}}{{Rp|page=438}} Valuable acquisitions during this time period included the 1825 purchase of 264 books from the library of Lorenzo Da Ponte, and the donation of the library of Nathaniel Fish Moore to the college.{{Cite web|last=Hond|first=Paul|date=Winter 2020–2021|title=How Mozart's Librettist Became the Father of Italian Studies at Columbia|url=https://magazine.columbia.edu/article/how-mozarts-librettist-became-father-italian-studies-columbia|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-25|website=Columbia Magazine|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108174956/https://magazine.columbia.edu/article/how-mozarts-librettist-became-father-italian-studies-columbia |archive-date=2021-01-08 }}{{Cite book|last=Columbia University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvAKAAAAIAAJ&q=history+of+columbia+university|title=A History of Columbia University, 1754–1904|date=1904|publisher=Columbia University Press, The Macmillan Company, agents|pages=|language=en}}{{Rp|page=435}}

File:Low_Library2.jpg

The physical location of the library has moved several times over the course of the university's history. Originally housed in College Hall on Columbia's Park Place campus, it relocated to the university's newly acquired Madison Avenue campus in 1857. A new building for the library designed by Charles C. Haight was completed in 1883.{{Cite book|last=Columbia University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvAKAAAAIAAJ&q=history+of+columbia+university|title=A History of Columbia University, 1754–1904|date=1904|publisher=Columbia University Press, The Macmillan Company, agents|pages=|language=en}}{{Rp|page=439}} From 1883 to 1888, Melvil Dewey, the creator of the Dewey Decimal Classification and a founder of the American Library Association, was the chief librarian at Columbia, where he also founded the world's first library school in 1887.{{Cite web|title=About Melvil Dewey, 1851–1931 (The Dewey Program at the Library of Congress)|url=https://www.loc.gov/aba/dewey/about-dewey.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-19|website=www.loc.gov|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726130226/http://www.loc.gov/aba/dewey/about-dewey.html |archive-date=2014-07-26 }} As librarian, Dewey reorganized the Columbia Libraries, unifying them under one efficient administration and creating a staff service.{{Cite book|last=Columbia University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvAKAAAAIAAJ&q=history+of+columbia+university|title=A History of Columbia University, 1754–1904|date=1904|publisher=Columbia University Press, The Macmillan Company, agents|pages=|language=en}}{{Rp|page=439}}

In the 1890s Columbia was declared a university and moved to its current location in Morningside Heights. There, the Low Memorial Library was built in 1895 to serve as the centerpiece of the new campus. Financed with $1 million of University President Seth Low's own money, at full capacity the library was expected to house 1.9 million volumes.{{Cite web|title=Low Memorial Library, Columbia University, New York (U.S. National Park Service)|url=https://www.nps.gov/places/low-memorial-library.htm|access-date=2021-05-02|website=www.nps.gov|language=en}} However, the library at this point was growing quickly, and the Low Library would soon not be enough to accommodate its entire collection: in 1904 the Columbia University Libraries held around 400,000 books, a number which would swell to more than a million in little over two decades.{{Cite web|title=History of Collections {{!}} Columbia University Libraries|url=https://library.columbia.edu/about/policies/collection-development-policies-strategies/general/history_of_collections.html|access-date=2021-05-02|website=library.columbia.edu}} Butler Library, currently Columbia's main library, was built 1931 in and funded by a $4 million gift from alumnus and philanthropist Edward Harkness.{{rp|196–197}} Following its opening in 1934, only special collections, Columbiana, and the East Asian, mathematics, and general sciences sections remained in Low; those too would eventually be relocated elsewhere.

In 1974 the library became, along with Harvard Library, Yale Library, and New York Public Library, a founding member of the Research Libraries Group.

As of 2020, the Columbia library system contains over 15.0 million volumes, its collections including over 160,000 journals and serials, six million microfilms, 26 million manuscripts, over 600,000 rare books, over 100,000 videos and DVDs, and nearly 200,000 government documents. The library's collection would stretch 174 miles end-to-end, and is growing at a pace of 140,000 items per annum. The system attracts over four million visitors a year.{{cite web|title=Fast Facts about Columbia University Libraries|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/about/facts.html|work=columbia.edu}}

The Columbia Center for Oral History Research, the oldest academic oral history research program, was founded at Columbia by Professor Allan Nevins in 1948.{{Cite web|title=Oral History, Policy History, and Information Abundance and Scarcity {{!}} Perspectives on History {{!}} AHA|url=https://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/april-2012/oral-history-policy-history-and-information-abundance-and-scarcity|access-date=2021-05-24|website=www.historians.org}} Its oral history archives are stored in Butler Library, and contain over 12,000 interviews.{{Cite web|title=Oral History Archives at Columbia {{!}} Columbia University Libraries|url=https://library.columbia.edu/libraries/ccoh.html|access-date=2021-05-24|website=library.columbia.edu}}

Columbia shares an off-site shelving facility, located in Plainsboro, New Jersey, with the Research Collections and Preservation Consortium (RECAP), which includes the New York Public Library and the library systems of Harvard University and Princeton University.{{Cite web |title=About ReCAP |url=https://recap.princeton.edu/ |access-date=2021-08-03 |website=recap.princeton.edu}}[http://chronicle.com/article/Debate-at-NY-Public-Library-/131615/ "Debate at N.Y. Public Library: Can Off-Site Storage Work for Researchers?"] Jennifer Howard. April 22, 2012. Chronicle of Higher Education. The system is participating in the Google Books Library Project.{{cite web|title=Library Partners|url=https://books.google.com/googlebooks/library/partners.html|work=google.com}}

File:Burke Library at Union Theological Seminary.jpg]]

File:Starrlibrary.jpg]]

The libraries in the Columbia system include:{{Cite web|last=Neal|first=James|date=2014|title=Guide to the Libraries, 2013-2014|url=https://library.columbia.edu/content/dam/libraryweb/marketing/publications/libraries-guide.pdf|url-status=live|website=Columbia University Libraries|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203184816/http://library.columbia.edu/content/dam/libraryweb/marketing/publications/libraries-guide.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-03 }}

• Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
• Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library
• Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library
• Barnard College Library (affiliate)
• Burke Library at Union Theological Seminary
• Butler Library
• C.V. Starr East Asian Library
• Gabe M. Weiner Music & Arts Library
• Gottesman Libraries (affiliate)
• Jewish Theological Seminary Library (affiliate)
• Journalism Library
• Lehman Social Sciences Library
• Mathematics Library
• Milstein Undergraduate Library
• Rare Book & Manuscript Library
• S. Steven Pan '88 Business Library
• Science & Engineering Library
• Social Work Library
• Thomas J. Watson Library of Business & Economics

File:2011_ColumbiaUniversity_NY_5858120984_card_catalog.jpg, and was personally arranged by Melvil Dewey as chief librarian. CLIO, the university's online catalog, was introduced in 1985, and sections of the physical card catalog were removed in 2014.{{Cite web|title=Card, Discard|url=https://magazine.columbia.edu/article/card-discard|access-date=2021-12-27|website=Columbia Magazine|language=en}}]]

The first recorded librarian of the Columbia Libraries was Robert Harpur, a professor of mathematics at King's College who was appointed in 1763 to "make a catalogue of the Books that now are and hereafter may belong to the Library... and also that he be accountable for the said Books."{{Cite book|last=University|first=Columbia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvAKAAAAIAAJ&q=library|title=A History of Columbia University, 1754–1904|date=1904|publisher=Columbia University Press, The Macmillan Company, agents|language=en}}{{Rp|page=429}} Following the Revolutionary War, during which the library was largely destroyed, the role of librarian would fall on college professors in rotation: in 1799 the board of trustees "Resolved that the care of the Library be committed to the Professor of Languages and the Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy."{{Rp|page=432}}

In order to slow the hemorrhaging of books from the library's collections, it was restructured in 1817 and 1821, when it was placed under the control of the college's president and then board of trustees, respectively. Beginning in 1817, the youngest professor of the college would serve as the librarian, including physicist and engineer James Renwick, astronomer and geologist Henry James Anderson, and adjunct professor of classics Robert George Vermilye.{{Rp|page=434}} The first full-time librarian appointed by Columbia was classics professor Nathaniel Fish Moore in 1837; he would go on to serve as the college's president following his tenure.

{{Reflist}}

• [http://library.columbia.edu/ Official website]
• [http://clio.columbia.edu Library catalog]
• [https://library.columbia.edu/libraries/rbml.html Rare Book & Manuscript Library]

{{Columbia University}}

{{Libraries in New York City}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Columbia University

Category:University and college academic libraries in the United States

Category:Libraries in Manhattan

Category:1756 establishments in the Province of New York