Comparison of relational database management systems#feat 5

The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of relational database management systems. Please see the individual products' articles for further information. Unless otherwise specified in footnotes, comparisons are based on the stable versions without any add-ons, extensions or external programs.

General information

class="wikitable sortable"
! Maintainer ! First public release date ! Latest stable version ! Latest release date ! License ! Public issues list
4D (4th Dimension) \| 4D S.A.S. \| 1984 \| v16.0 \| 2017-01-10{{Cite web\|url=http://www.4d.com/products/lifecycle.html\|title = Product Release Life Cycle\|date = 10 January 2020}} \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
ADABAS \| Software AG \| 1970 \| 8.1 \|2013-06 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
Adaptive Server Enterprise \| SAP AG \| 1987 \| 16.0 SP03 PL07 \|2019-06-10 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
Advantage Database Server (ADS) \| SAP AG \| 1992 \| 12.0 \| 2015 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
Altibase \| Altibase Corp. \| 2000 \| 7.1.0.1.2 \| 2018-03-02 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
Apache Derby \| Apache \| 2004 \| 10.17.1.0{{cite web \| title = Apache Derby: Downloads \| url = http://db.apache.org/derby/derby_downloads.html \| access-date = 2024-03-18 }} \| 2023-11-14 \| {{free\|Apache License}} \| {{Yes}}{{Cite web\|url=https://issues.apache.org/jira/projects/DERBY\|title=- ASF JIRA\|website=issues.apache.org}}
ClustrixDB \| MariaDB Corporation \| 2010 \| v7.0 \| 2015-08-19 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
CockroachDB \| Cockroach Labs \| 2015 \| v24.1.0 \| 2024-05-20 \| {{free\|BSL,CCL,MIT,BSD}} \| {{Yes}}{{Cite web \|url=https://github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/issues \|title=cockroachdb Issue tracker \|website=GitHub \|access-date=2021-05-03 \|archive-date=2021-05-06 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506023814/https://github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/issues \|url-status=dead }}
CUBRID \| CUBRID \| 2008-11 \| 11.2.3 \| 2023-01-31 \| {{free\|Apache License 2.0, BSD license for APIs and GUI tools}} \| {{Yes}}{{Cite web\|url=http://jira.cubrid.org/browse/TOOLS-4308?jql=\|title=Issue Navigator - CUBRID Bug Tracking System\|website=jira.cubrid.org}}
Datacom \| CA, Inc. \| Early 70s{{cite journal \| last = Stevens \| first = O. \| title = The History of Datacom/DB \| journal = Annals of the History of Computing \| volume = 31 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 87–91 \| publisher = IEEE \| date = Oct–Dec 2009 \| doi = 10.1109/MAHC.2009.108 \| s2cid = 16803811 \| issn = 1058-6180 }} \| 14{{cite web \| title = CA Datacom - CA Technologies \| url = http://www.ca.com/us/opscenter/ca-datacom.aspx \| access-date = 2014-07-06 \| archive-date = 2016-02-14 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160214142439/http://www.ca.com/us/opscenter/ca-datacom.aspx \| url-status = dead }} \| 2012{{cite web \| title = Datacom Product Sheet \| url = http://www.ca.com/us/~/media/Files/ProductBriefs/cs2277-ca-datacom-v14-ps.pdf }} \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
IBM Db2 \| IBM \| 1983 \| {{wikidata\|property\|reference\|edit\|Q431195\|P348}} \| {{wikidata\|qualifier\|raw\|Q431195\|P348\|P577}}; {{Time ago\|{{wikidata\|qualifier\|raw\|Q431195\|P348\|P577}}}} \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
Empress Embedded Database \| Empress Software Inc \| 1979 \| 10.20 \| 2010-03 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
Exasol \| EXASOL AG \| 2004 \| 7.1.1 \| 2021-09-15; {{Time ago\|2021-09-15}} \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
FileMaker \| FileMaker, Inc., an Apple subsidiary \| 1985-04 \| 19 \| 2020-05-20 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
Firebird \| Firebird project \| 2000-07-25 \| {{wikidata\|property\|reference\|edit\|Q261744\|P348}} \| {{wikidata\|qualifier\|raw\|Q261744\|P348\|P577}}; {{Time ago\|{{wikidata\|qualifier\|raw\|Q261744\|P348\|P577}}}} \| {{free\|IPL{{Citation \| url = http://www.firebirdsql.org/index.php?op=doc&id=ipl \| title = IPL \| publisher = Firebird SQL }} and IDPL{{Citation \| url = http://www.firebirdsql.org/index.php?op=doc&id=idpl \| title = IDPL \| publisher = Firebird SQL }}}} \| {{Yes}}{{Cite web \|url=http://tracker.firebirdsql.org/ \|title=Firebird RDBMS Issue Tracker \|access-date=2017-11-01 \|archive-date=2008-08-28 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828140502/http://tracker.firebirdsql.org/ \|url-status=dead }}
GPUdb \| GIS Federal \| 2014 \| 3.2.5 \| 2015-01-14 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
HSQLDB \| HSQL Development Group \| 2001 \| 2.6.1 \| 2021-10-21 \| {{free\|BSD}} \| {{Yes}}{{Cite web\|url=https://sourceforge.net/p/hsqldb/bugs/\|title=HyperSQL Database Engine (HSQLDB) / Bugs\|website=sourceforge.net}}
H2 \| H2 Software \| 2005 \| 2.3.232 \| 2024-08-12 \| {{free\|EPL and modified MPL}} \| {{Yes}}{{Cite web\|url=https://github.com/h2database/h2database/issues\|title=Issues · h2database/h2database\|website=GitHub}}
Informix Dynamic Server \| IBM / HCL Technologies \| 1981????1980 \| 15.0.0.0 \| 2024-11-20 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
Ingres \| Actian \| 1974 \| 11.2{{cite web \| title = Actian X & Ingres - Lifecycle Dates \| url = https://communities.actian.com/s/supportservices/lifecycle-dates/actian-x-ingres }} \| 2022-05-06 \| {{partial\|GPL and Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
InterBase \| Embarcadero Technologies \| 1984 \| XE7 v12.0.4.357 \| 2015-08-12 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
Linter SQL RDBMS \| RELEX Group \| 1990 \| 6.0.17.53 \| 2018-02-15 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{Yes}}{{Cite web \|url=https://www.linter.ru/ru/support/technical-support/ \|title=Linter Techsupport \|access-date=2019-04-04 \|archive-date=2019-03-27 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327183921/https://www.linter.ru/ru/support/technical-support/ \|url-status=dead }}
LucidDB \| The Eigenbase Project \| 2007-01 \| 0.9.4 \| 2012-01-05 \| {{free\|GPL v2}} \| {{No}}
MariaDB \| MariaDB Community \| 2010-02-01 \| {{wikidata\|property\|reference\|edit\|Q787177\|P348\|P548=Q2804309}} \| {{wikidata\|qualifier\|raw\|Q787177\|P348\|P577\|P548=Q2804309}}; {{Time ago\|{{wikidata\|qualifier\|raw\|Q787177\|P348\|P577\|P548=Q2804309}}}} \| {{free\|GPL v2, LGPL (for client-libraries){{cite web \| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb-license/ \| title = MariaDB licenses }}}} \| {{Yes}}{{Cite web\|url=https://jira.mariadb.org/projects/MDEV/issues\|title=- Jira\|website=jira.mariadb.org}}
MaxDB \| SAP AG \| 2003-05 \| 7.9.0.8 \| 2014 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{Yes}}{{Cite web\|url=https://maxdb.sap.com/webpts/\|title=MaxDB PTS - Problem Tracking\|website=maxdb.sap.com}}
SingleStore (formerly MemSQL) \|SingleStore \| 2012-06 \| 7.1.11 \| 2020-10-12 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
Microsoft Access (JET) \| Microsoft \| 1992 \| 16 (2016) \| 2015-09-22 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
Microsoft Visual Foxpro \| Microsoft \| 1984 \| 9 (2005) \| 2007-10-11 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
Microsoft SQL Server \| Microsoft \| 1989 \| {{wikidata\|property\|reference\|edit\|Q215819\|P348}} \| {{wikidata\|qualifier\|raw\|Q215819\|P348\|P577}}; {{Time ago\|{{wikidata\|qualifier\|raw\|Q215819\|P348\|P577}}}} \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) \| Microsoft \| 2000 \| 2011 (v4.0) \| \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
Mimer SQL \| Mimer Information Technology \| 1978 \| 11.0.8E \| 2024-10-22 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
MonetDB \| MonetDB Foundation {{Cite web\|url=https://www.monetdb.org/about-us/monetdb-foundation//\|title = MonetDB Foundation\| date=4 April 2023 }} \| 2004 \| Aug2024 {{Cite web\|url=https://www.monetdb.org/release-notes/\|title = MonetDB Latest Release\| date=26 August 2024 }} \| 2024-08-26 \| {{free\|Mozilla Public License, version 2.0{{Citation \| url = https://www.monetdb.org/about-us/privacy-and-legals/ \| publisher = MonetDB Foundation \| title = MonetDB License MPL2.0 \| date = 8 February 2022 }}}} \| {{Yes}}{{Cite web \|url=https://github.com/MonetDB/MonetDB/issues \|title=MonetDB Issues \|website=GitHub \|access-date=2021-06-08 \|archive-date=2021-05-13 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513162053/https://github.com/MonetDB/MonetDB/issues \|url-status=dead }}
mSQL \| Hughes Technologies \| 1994 \| 4.1{{Citation \|url = http://www.hughes.com.au/products/msql/ \|publisher = Hughes \|location = AU \|series = Products \|title = mSQL \|access-date = 2009-09-13 \|archive-date = 2009-10-15 \|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091015100648/http://www.hughes.com.au/products/msql/ \|url-status = dead }} \| 2017-06-30 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
MySQL \| Oracle Corporation \| 1995-11 \| {{wikidata\|property\|reference\|edit\|Q850\|P348}} \| {{wikidata\|qualifier\|raw\|Q850\|P548=Q2804309\|P348\|P577}}; {{Time ago\|{{wikidata\|qualifier\|raw\|Q850\|P548=Q2804309\|P348\|P577}}}} \| {{partial\|GPL v2 or Proprietary}} \| {{Yes}}{{Cite web\|url=https://bugs.mysql.com/\|title=MySQL Bugs\|website=bugs.mysql.com}}
NexusDB \| NexusDB Pty Ltd \| 2003 \| 4.00.14 \| 2015-06-25 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
HPE NonStop SQL \| Hewlett Packard Enterprise \| 1987 \| SQL/MX 3.4 \| \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
NuoDB \| NuoDB \| 2013 \| 4.1 \| 2020-08 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
Omnis Studio \| TigerLogic Inc \| 1982-07 \| 6.1.3 Release 1no \| 2015-12 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
OpenEdge \| Progress Software Corporation \| 1984 \| 12.8 \| 2024-1 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
OpenLink Virtuoso \| OpenLink Software \| 1998 \| 7.2.5.1 \| 2018-08-15 \| {{partial\|GPL v2 or Proprietary}} \| {{Yes}}{{Cite web \|url=https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/issues \|title=Issues · openlink/virtuoso-opensource · GitHub \|website=GitHub \|access-date=2017-11-01 \|archive-date=2020-12-23 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223232822/https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/issues \|url-status=dead }}
Oracle DB \| Oracle Corporation \| 1979-11 \| {{wikidata\|property\|reference\|edit\|Q185524\|P348}} \| {{wikidata\|qualifier\|raw\|Q185524\|P348\|P577}}; {{Time ago\|{{wikidata\|qualifier\|raw\|Q185524\|P348\|P577}}}} \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
Oracle Rdb \| Oracle Corporation \| 1984 \| {{Oracle Rdb version}} \| {{Oracle Rdb version\|releasedate}} \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
Paradox \| Corel Corporation \| 1985 \| 11 \| 2009-09-07 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
Percona Server for MySQL \| Percona \| 2006 \| {{Percona Server for MySQL version}} \| {{Percona Server for MySQL version\|releasedate}} \| {{free\|GPL v2}} \| {{Yes}}
Actian Zen (PSQL) \| Actian \| 1982 \| v15 \| 2021 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
Polyhedra DBMS \| ENEA AB \| 1993 \| 9.0 \| 2015-06-24 \| {{Proprietary}}, with Polyhedra Lite available as Freeware{{Citation \| url = http://eecatalog.com/embeddedlinux/2012/10/11/polyhedra-lite-in-memory-relational-database-system-freeware-available-now-from-enea/ \| series = Press Release \| publisher = EECatalog \| title = Polyhedra Lite In-Memory Relational Database System Freeware Available Now from Enea }}. \| {{No}}
PostgreSQL \| PostgreSQL Global Development Group \| 1989-06 \| 17.4 \| 2025-02-21{{Cite web \|url=https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/postgresql-174-168-1512-1417-and-1320-released-3018/ \|title=PostgreSQL 17.4, 16.8, 15.12, 14.17, and 13.20 Released! \|publisher=The PostgreSQL Global Development Group \|date=2025-02-20 \|website=PostgreSQL \|access-date=2025-02-21}} \| {{free\|Postgres License}}{{Cite web\|url=https://www.postgresql.org/about/licence/\|title=PostgreSQL: License\|website=www.postgresql.org}} \| {{No}}{{Cite web\|url=https://lwn.net/Articles/660468/\|title=A bug tracker for PostgreSQL? [LWN.net]\|website=lwn.net}}
R:Base \| R:BASE Technologies \| 1982 \| 10.0 \| 2016-05-26 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
SAP HANA \| SAP AG \| 2010 \| 2.0 SPS04 \| 2019-08-08 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
solidDB \| UNICOM Global \| 1992 \| 7.0.0.10 \| 2014-04-29 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
SQL Anywhere \| SAP AG \| 1992 \| 17.0.0.48 \| 2019-07-26 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
SQLBase \| Unify Corp. \| 1982 \| 11.5 \| 2008-11 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
SQLite \| D. Richard Hipp \| 2000-09-12 \| {{wikidata\|property\|reference\|edit\|Q319417\|P348}} \| {{wikidata\|qualifier\|raw\|Q319417\|P348\|P577}}; {{Time ago\|{{wikidata\|qualifier\|raw\|Q319417\|P348\|P577}}}} \| {{free\|Public domain}} \| {{Yes}}{{Cite web\|url=https://www.sqlite.org/src/reportlist\|title=SQLite: Ticket Main Menu\|website=www.sqlite.org}}
SQream DB \| SQream Technologies \| 2014 \| 2.1{{Citation \| url = http://docs.sqream.com/2.1/manual/sql_reference.html \| publisher = SQream Technologies \| title = SQream DB Version 2.1 SQL Reference Guide \| access-date = 2018-02-12 \| archive-date = 2018-02-12 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180212201639/http://docs.sqream.com/2.1/manual/sql_reference.html \| url-status = dead }} \| 2018-01-15 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
Superbase \| Superbase \| 1984 \| Classic \| 2003 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
Superbase NG \| Superbase NG \| 2002 \| Superbase NG 2.10 \| 2017 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{Yes}}{{Cite web\|url=https://www.superbase.com/bug-reports/\|title = Bug Reports}}
Teradata \| Teradata \| 1984 \| 15 \| 2014-04 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
TiDB \| PingCAP Inc. \| 2016 \| {{wikidata\|property\|reference\|edit\|Q56375088\|P348}} \| {{wikidata\|qualifier\|raw\|Q56375088\|P348\|P577}}; {{Time ago\|{{wikidata\|qualifier\|raw\|Q56375088\|P348\|P577}}}} \| {{free\|Apache License}} \| {{Yes}}{{Cite web\|url=https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues\|title = Issues · pingcap/Tidb\|website = GitHub}}
UniData \| Rocket Software \| 1988 \| 8.2.1 \| 2017-07 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}}
YugabyteDB \| Yugabyte, Inc. \| 2018 \| {{YugabyteDB version}} \| {{YugabyteDB version\|releasedate}} \| {{free\|Apache License}} \| {{Yes}}{{Cite web\|url=https://github.com/YugaByte/yugabyte-db/issues\|title=Issues · yugabyte/Yugabyte-db\|website=GitHub}}
! Maintainer ! First public release date ! Latest stable version ! Latest release date ! License ! Public issues list

class="wikitable sortable"

! Maintainer

! First public release date

! Latest stable version

! Latest release date

! License

! Public issues list

4D (4th Dimension)

| 4D S.A.S.

| 1984

| v16.0

| 2017-01-10{{Cite web|url=http://www.4d.com/products/lifecycle.html|title = Product Release Life Cycle|date = 10 January 2020}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

ADABAS

| Software AG

| 1970

| 8.1

|2013-06

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

Adaptive Server Enterprise

| SAP AG

| 1987

| 16.0 SP03 PL07

|2019-06-10

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

Advantage Database Server (ADS)

| SAP AG

| 1992

| 12.0

| 2015

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

Altibase

| Altibase Corp.

| 2000

| 7.1.0.1.2

| 2018-03-02

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

Apache Derby

| Apache

| 2004

| 10.17.1.0{{cite web

| title = Apache Derby: Downloads

| url = http://db.apache.org/derby/derby_downloads.html

| access-date = 2024-03-18

}}

| 2023-11-14

| {{free|Apache License}}

| {{Yes}}{{Cite web|url=https://issues.apache.org/jira/projects/DERBY|title=- ASF JIRA|website=issues.apache.org}}

ClustrixDB

| MariaDB Corporation

| 2010

| v7.0

| 2015-08-19

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

CockroachDB

| Cockroach Labs

| 2015

| v24.1.0

| 2024-05-20

| {{free|BSL,CCL,MIT,BSD}}

| {{Yes}}{{Cite web |url=https://github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/issues |title=cockroachdb Issue tracker |website=GitHub |access-date=2021-05-03 |archive-date=2021-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506023814/https://github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/issues |url-status=dead }}

CUBRID

| CUBRID

| 2008-11

| 11.2.3

| 2023-01-31

| {{free|Apache License 2.0, BSD license for APIs and GUI tools}}

| {{Yes}}{{Cite web|url=http://jira.cubrid.org/browse/TOOLS-4308?jql=|title=Issue Navigator - CUBRID Bug Tracking System|website=jira.cubrid.org}}

Datacom

| CA, Inc.

| Early 70s{{cite journal

| last = Stevens

| first = O.

| title = The History of Datacom/DB

| journal = Annals of the History of Computing

| volume = 31

| issue = 4

| pages = 87–91

| publisher = IEEE

| date = Oct–Dec 2009

| doi = 10.1109/MAHC.2009.108

| s2cid = 16803811

| issn = 1058-6180

}}

| 14{{cite web

| title = CA Datacom - CA Technologies

| url = http://www.ca.com/us/opscenter/ca-datacom.aspx

| access-date = 2014-07-06

| archive-date = 2016-02-14

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160214142439/http://www.ca.com/us/opscenter/ca-datacom.aspx

| url-status = dead

}}

| 2012{{cite web

| title = Datacom Product Sheet

| url = http://www.ca.com/us/~/media/Files/ProductBriefs/cs2277-ca-datacom-v14-ps.pdf

}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

IBM Db2

| IBM

| 1983

| {{wikidata|property|reference|edit|Q431195|P348}}

| {{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q431195|P348|P577}}; {{Time ago|{{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q431195|P348|P577}}}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

Empress Embedded Database

| Empress Software Inc

| 1979

| 10.20

| 2010-03

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

Exasol

| EXASOL AG

| 2004

| 7.1.1

| 2021-09-15; {{Time ago|2021-09-15}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

FileMaker

| FileMaker, Inc., an Apple subsidiary

| 1985-04

| 19

| 2020-05-20

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

Firebird

| Firebird project

| 2000-07-25

| {{wikidata|property|reference|edit|Q261744|P348}}

| {{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q261744|P348|P577}}; {{Time ago|{{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q261744|P348|P577}}}}

| {{free|IPL{{Citation

| url = http://www.firebirdsql.org/index.php?op=doc&id=ipl

| title = IPL

| publisher = Firebird SQL

}} and IDPL{{Citation

| url = http://www.firebirdsql.org/index.php?op=doc&id=idpl

| title = IDPL

| publisher = Firebird SQL

}}}}

| {{Yes}}{{Cite web |url=http://tracker.firebirdsql.org/ |title=Firebird RDBMS Issue Tracker |access-date=2017-11-01 |archive-date=2008-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828140502/http://tracker.firebirdsql.org/ |url-status=dead }}

GPUdb

| GIS Federal

| 2014

| 3.2.5

| 2015-01-14

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

HSQLDB

| HSQL Development Group

| 2001

| 2.6.1

| 2021-10-21

| {{free|BSD}}

| {{Yes}}{{Cite web|url=https://sourceforge.net/p/hsqldb/bugs/|title=HyperSQL Database Engine (HSQLDB) / Bugs|website=sourceforge.net}}

H2

| H2 Software

| 2005

| 2.3.232

| 2024-08-12

| {{free|EPL and modified MPL}}

| {{Yes}}{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/h2database/h2database/issues|title=Issues · h2database/h2database|website=GitHub}}

Informix Dynamic Server

| IBM / HCL Technologies

| 1981????1980

| 15.0.0.0

| 2024-11-20

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

Ingres

| Actian

| 1974

| 11.2{{cite web

| title = Actian X & Ingres - Lifecycle Dates

| url = https://communities.actian.com/s/supportservices/lifecycle-dates/actian-x-ingres

}}

| 2022-05-06

| {{partial|GPL and Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

InterBase

| Embarcadero Technologies

| 1984

| XE7 v12.0.4.357

| 2015-08-12

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

Linter SQL RDBMS

| RELEX Group

| 1990

| 6.0.17.53

| 2018-02-15

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{Yes}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.linter.ru/ru/support/technical-support/ |title=Linter Techsupport |access-date=2019-04-04 |archive-date=2019-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327183921/https://www.linter.ru/ru/support/technical-support/ |url-status=dead }}

LucidDB

| The Eigenbase Project

| 2007-01

| 0.9.4

| 2012-01-05

| {{free|GPL v2}}

| {{No}}

MariaDB

| MariaDB Community

| 2010-02-01

| {{wikidata|property|reference|edit|Q787177|P348|P548=Q2804309}}

| {{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q787177|P348|P577|P548=Q2804309}}; {{Time ago|{{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q787177|P348|P577|P548=Q2804309}}}}

| {{free|GPL v2, LGPL (for client-libraries){{cite web

| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb-license/

| title = MariaDB licenses

}}}}

| {{Yes}}{{Cite web|url=https://jira.mariadb.org/projects/MDEV/issues|title=- Jira|website=jira.mariadb.org}}

MaxDB

| SAP AG

| 2003-05

| 7.9.0.8

| 2014

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{Yes}}{{Cite web|url=https://maxdb.sap.com/webpts/|title=MaxDB PTS - Problem Tracking|website=maxdb.sap.com}}

SingleStore (formerly MemSQL)

|SingleStore

| 2012-06

| 7.1.11

| 2020-10-12

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

Microsoft Access (JET)

| Microsoft

| 1992

| 16 (2016)

| 2015-09-22

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

Microsoft Visual Foxpro

| Microsoft

| 1984

| 9 (2005)

| 2007-10-11

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

Microsoft SQL Server

| Microsoft

| 1989

| {{wikidata|property|reference|edit|Q215819|P348}}

| {{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q215819|P348|P577}}; {{Time ago|{{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q215819|P348|P577}}}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)

| Microsoft

| 2000

| 2011 (v4.0)

|

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

Mimer SQL

| Mimer Information Technology

| 1978

| 11.0.8E

| 2024-10-22

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

MonetDB

| MonetDB Foundation {{Cite web|url=https://www.monetdb.org/about-us/monetdb-foundation//|title = MonetDB Foundation| date=4 April 2023 }}

| 2004

| Aug2024 {{Cite web|url=https://www.monetdb.org/release-notes/|title = MonetDB Latest Release| date=26 August 2024 }}

| 2024-08-26

| {{free|Mozilla Public License, version 2.0{{Citation

| url = https://www.monetdb.org/about-us/privacy-and-legals/

| publisher = MonetDB Foundation

| title = MonetDB License MPL2.0

| date = 8 February 2022

}}}}

| {{Yes}}{{Cite web |url=https://github.com/MonetDB/MonetDB/issues |title=MonetDB Issues |website=GitHub |access-date=2021-06-08 |archive-date=2021-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513162053/https://github.com/MonetDB/MonetDB/issues |url-status=dead }}

mSQL

| Hughes Technologies

| 1994

| 4.1{{Citation

|url = http://www.hughes.com.au/products/msql/

|publisher = Hughes

|location = AU

|series = Products

|title = mSQL

|access-date = 2009-09-13

|archive-date = 2009-10-15

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091015100648/http://www.hughes.com.au/products/msql/

|url-status = dead

}}

| 2017-06-30

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

MySQL

| Oracle Corporation

| 1995-11

| {{wikidata|property|reference|edit|Q850|P348}}

| {{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q850|P548=Q2804309|P348|P577}}; {{Time ago|{{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q850|P548=Q2804309|P348|P577}}}}

| {{partial|GPL v2 or Proprietary}}

| {{Yes}}{{Cite web|url=https://bugs.mysql.com/|title=MySQL Bugs|website=bugs.mysql.com}}

NexusDB

| NexusDB Pty Ltd

| 2003

| 4.00.14

| 2015-06-25

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

HPE NonStop SQL

| Hewlett Packard Enterprise

| 1987

| SQL/MX 3.4

|

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

NuoDB

| NuoDB

| 2013

| 4.1

| 2020-08

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

Omnis Studio

| TigerLogic Inc

| 1982-07

| 6.1.3 Release 1no

| 2015-12

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

OpenEdge

| Progress Software Corporation

| 1984

| 12.8

| 2024-1

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

OpenLink Virtuoso

| OpenLink Software

| 1998

| 7.2.5.1

| 2018-08-15

| {{partial|GPL v2 or Proprietary}}

| {{Yes}}{{Cite web |url=https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/issues |title=Issues · openlink/virtuoso-opensource · GitHub |website=GitHub |access-date=2017-11-01 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223232822/https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/issues |url-status=dead }}

Oracle DB

| Oracle Corporation

| 1979-11

| {{wikidata|property|reference|edit|Q185524|P348}}

| {{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q185524|P348|P577}}; {{Time ago|{{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q185524|P348|P577}}}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

Oracle Rdb

| Oracle Corporation

| 1984

| {{Oracle Rdb version}}

| {{Oracle Rdb version|releasedate}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

Paradox

| Corel Corporation

| 1985

| 11

| 2009-09-07

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

Percona Server for MySQL

| Percona

| 2006

| {{Percona Server for MySQL version}}

| {{Percona Server for MySQL version|releasedate}}

| {{free|GPL v2}}

| {{Yes}}

Actian Zen (PSQL)

| Actian

| 1982

| v15

| 2021

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

Polyhedra DBMS

| ENEA AB

| 1993

| 9.0

| 2015-06-24

| {{Proprietary}}, with Polyhedra Lite available as Freeware{{Citation

| url = http://eecatalog.com/embeddedlinux/2012/10/11/polyhedra-lite-in-memory-relational-database-system-freeware-available-now-from-enea/

| series = Press Release

| publisher = EECatalog

| title = Polyhedra Lite In-Memory Relational Database System Freeware Available Now from Enea

}}.

| {{No}}

PostgreSQL

| PostgreSQL Global Development Group

| 1989-06

| 17.4

| 2025-02-21{{Cite web

|url=https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/postgresql-174-168-1512-1417-and-1320-released-3018/

|title=PostgreSQL 17.4, 16.8, 15.12, 14.17, and 13.20 Released!

|publisher=The PostgreSQL Global Development Group

|date=2025-02-20

|website=PostgreSQL

|access-date=2025-02-21}}

| {{free|Postgres License}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.postgresql.org/about/licence/|title=PostgreSQL: License|website=www.postgresql.org}}

| {{No}}{{Cite web|url=https://lwn.net/Articles/660468/|title=A bug tracker for PostgreSQL? [LWN.net]|website=lwn.net}}

R:Base

| R:BASE Technologies

| 1982

| 10.0

| 2016-05-26

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

SAP HANA

| SAP AG

| 2010

| 2.0 SPS04

| 2019-08-08

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

solidDB

| UNICOM Global

| 1992

| 7.0.0.10

| 2014-04-29

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

SQL Anywhere

| SAP AG

| 1992

| 17.0.0.48

| 2019-07-26

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

SQLBase

| Unify Corp.

| 1982

| 11.5

| 2008-11

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

SQLite

| D. Richard Hipp

| 2000-09-12

| {{wikidata|property|reference|edit|Q319417|P348}}

| {{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q319417|P348|P577}}; {{Time ago|{{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q319417|P348|P577}}}}

| {{free|Public domain}}

| {{Yes}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.sqlite.org/src/reportlist|title=SQLite: Ticket Main Menu|website=www.sqlite.org}}

SQream DB

| SQream Technologies

| 2014

| 2.1{{Citation

| url = http://docs.sqream.com/2.1/manual/sql_reference.html

| publisher = SQream Technologies

| title = SQream DB Version 2.1 SQL Reference Guide

| access-date = 2018-02-12

| archive-date = 2018-02-12

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180212201639/http://docs.sqream.com/2.1/manual/sql_reference.html

| url-status = dead

}}

| 2018-01-15

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

Superbase

| Superbase

| 1984

| Classic

| 2003

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

Superbase NG

| Superbase NG

| 2002

| Superbase NG 2.10

| 2017

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{Yes}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.superbase.com/bug-reports/|title = Bug Reports}}

Teradata

| Teradata

| 1984

| 15

| 2014-04

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

TiDB

| PingCAP Inc.

| 2016

| {{wikidata|property|reference|edit|Q56375088|P348}}

| {{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q56375088|P348|P577}}; {{Time ago|{{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q56375088|P348|P577}}}}

| {{free|Apache License}}

| {{Yes}}{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues|title = Issues · pingcap/Tidb|website = GitHub}}

UniData

| Rocket Software

| 1988

| 8.2.1

| 2017-07

| {{Proprietary}}

| {{No}}

YugabyteDB

| Yugabyte, Inc.

| 2018

| {{YugabyteDB version}}

| {{YugabyteDB version|releasedate}}

| {{free|Apache License}}

| {{Yes}}{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/YugaByte/yugabyte-db/issues|title=Issues · yugabyte/Yugabyte-db|website=GitHub}}

! Maintainer

! First public release date

! Latest stable version

! Latest release date

! License

! Public issues list

Operating system support

The operating systems that the RDBMSes can run on.

class="wikitable sortable"
! Windows ! macOS ! Linux ! BSD ! UNIX ! AmigaOS ! z/OS ! OpenVMS ! iOS ! Android
4th Dimension \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
ADABAS \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
Adaptive Server Enterprise \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
Advantage Database Server \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
Altibase \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
Apache Derby \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
ClustrixDB \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
CockroachDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
CUBRID \| {{yes}} \| {{partial}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
IBM Db2 \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}}
Empress Embedded Database \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}
EXASolution \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
FileMaker \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{No}}
Firebird \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{partial\|Maybe}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}{{Cite web\|url=https://www.firebirdsql.org/en/firebird-3-0/\|title = Firebird: The true open source database for Windows, Linux, Mac OS X and more}} \| {{yes}}
HSQLDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
H2 \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}}
Informix Dynamic Server \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} (AIX) \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
Ingres \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{partial}} \| {{yes}}{{Cite web\|url=https://docs.actian.com/ingres/11.0/index.html#page/Ing_Install/Install_Ingres_for_OpenVMS.htm\|title=Ingres 11.0 Documentation\|website=docs.actian.com}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
InterBase \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} (Solaris) \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
Linter SQL RDBMS \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| Under Linux on IBM Z \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
LucidDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
MariaDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}{{cite web \| url = http://kb.askmonty.org/en/building-mariadb-on-mac-os-x-using-homebrew \| work = AskMonty KnowledgeBase \| title = Building MariaDB on Mac OS X using Homebrew \| access-date = September 30, 2011 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111020134104/http://kb.askmonty.org/en/building-mariadb-on-mac-os-x-using-homebrew \| archive-date = October 20, 2011 \| url-status = dead }} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}}https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.esminis.server.mariadb&hl=de MariaDB Android Version by Tautvydas Andrikys
MaxDB \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{partial\|Maybe}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
Microsoft Access (JET) \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
Microsoft Visual Foxpro \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
Microsoft SQL Server \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}{{Cite web\|url=http://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2016/03/07/announcing-sql-server-on-linux\|title = Announcing SQL Server on Linux\|date = 7 March 2016}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
Mimer SQL \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}{{Cite web\|url=https://developer.mimer.com/mimer-sql-is-now-available-for-openvms-on-x86/\|title=Mimer SQL is now available for OpenVMS on x86\|date=31 March 2023 }} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}
MonetDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
MySQL \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}}http://techotv.com/run-apache-mysql-php-http-web-server-android-os-phone-tablet/ Run Apache, Mysql, Php – Web server on Android mobile or Tablet
Omnis Studio \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
OpenEdge \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
OpenLink Virtuoso \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
Oracle \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
Oracle Rdb \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
Actian Zen (PSQL) \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (OEM only) \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
Polyhedra \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
PostgreSQL \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (MorphOS){{Cite web\|url=http://aminet.net/package/dev/gg/postgresql632-mos-bin\|title=Aminet - dev/Gg/Postgresql632-mos-bin.lha\|access-date=2017-03-14\|archive-date=2017-03-14\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314154720/http://aminet.net/package/dev/gg/postgresql632-mos-bin\|url-status=dead}} \| Under Linux on IBM Z{{Cite web \|url=http://www.oss4zos.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=PostgreSQL#z.2FOS \|title=PostgreSQL - Oss4zos \|access-date=2013-08-15 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527204912/http://www.oss4zos.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=PostgreSQL#z.2FOS \|archive-date=2015-05-27 \|url-status=dead }} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}
R:Base \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
SAP HANA \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
solidDB \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| Under Linux on IBM Z \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
SQL Anywhere \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}
SQLBase \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
SQLite \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{partial\|Maybe}} \| {{no}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{Yes}}
SQream DB \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
Superbase \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
Superbase NG \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
Teradata \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
TiDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{partial}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
UniData \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
UniVerse \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
YugabyteDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
! Windows ! macOS ! Linux ! BSD ! UNIX ! AmigaOS ! z/OS ! OpenVMS ! iOS ! Android

class="wikitable sortable"

! Windows

! macOS

! Linux

! BSD

! UNIX

! AmigaOS

! z/OS

! OpenVMS

! iOS

! Android

4th Dimension

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

ADABAS

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

Adaptive Server Enterprise

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

Advantage Database Server

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

Altibase

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

Apache Derby

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

ClustrixDB

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

CockroachDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

CUBRID

| {{yes}}

| {{partial}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

IBM Db2

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

Empress Embedded Database

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

EXASolution

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

FileMaker

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{Yes}}

| {{No}}

Firebird

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{partial|Maybe}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.firebirdsql.org/en/firebird-3-0/|title = Firebird: The true open source database for Windows, Linux, Mac OS X and more}}

| {{yes}}

HSQLDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

H2

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

Informix Dynamic Server

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}} (AIX)

| {{no}}

Ingres

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{partial}}

| {{yes}}{{Cite web|url=https://docs.actian.com/ingres/11.0/index.html#page/Ing_Install/Install_Ingres_for_OpenVMS.htm|title=Ingres 11.0 Documentation|website=docs.actian.com}}

| {{no}}

InterBase

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}} (Solaris)

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

Linter SQL RDBMS

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| Under Linux on IBM Z

| {{yes}}

LucidDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

MariaDB

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}{{cite web

| url = http://kb.askmonty.org/en/building-mariadb-on-mac-os-x-using-homebrew

| work = AskMonty KnowledgeBase

| title = Building MariaDB on Mac OS X using Homebrew

| access-date = September 30, 2011

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111020134104/http://kb.askmonty.org/en/building-mariadb-on-mac-os-x-using-homebrew

| archive-date = October 20, 2011

| url-status = dead

}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.esminis.server.mariadb&hl=de MariaDB Android Version by Tautvydas Andrikys

MaxDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{partial|Maybe}}

| {{no}}

Microsoft Access (JET)

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

Microsoft Visual Foxpro

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

Microsoft SQL Server

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2016/03/07/announcing-sql-server-on-linux|title = Announcing SQL Server on Linux|date = 7 March 2016}}

| {{no}}

Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

Mimer SQL

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}{{Cite web|url=https://developer.mimer.com/mimer-sql-is-now-available-for-openvms-on-x86/|title=Mimer SQL is now available for OpenVMS on x86|date=31 March 2023 }}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

MonetDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

MySQL

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}http://techotv.com/run-apache-mysql-php-http-web-server-android-os-phone-tablet/ Run Apache, Mysql, Php – Web server on Android mobile or Tablet

Omnis Studio

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

OpenEdge

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

OpenLink Virtuoso

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

Oracle

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

Oracle Rdb

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

Actian Zen (PSQL)

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (OEM only)

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

Polyhedra

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

PostgreSQL

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (MorphOS){{Cite web|url=http://aminet.net/package/dev/gg/postgresql632-mos-bin|title=Aminet - dev/Gg/Postgresql632-mos-bin.lha|access-date=2017-03-14|archive-date=2017-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314154720/http://aminet.net/package/dev/gg/postgresql632-mos-bin|url-status=dead}}

| Under Linux on IBM Z{{Cite web |url=http://www.oss4zos.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=PostgreSQL#z.2FOS |title=PostgreSQL - Oss4zos |access-date=2013-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527204912/http://www.oss4zos.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=PostgreSQL#z.2FOS |archive-date=2015-05-27 |url-status=dead }}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

R:Base

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

SAP HANA

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

solidDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| Under Linux on IBM Z

| {{no}}

SQL Anywhere

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

SQLBase

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

SQLite

| {{yes}}

| {{partial|Maybe}}

| {{no}}

| {{Yes}}

SQream DB

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

Superbase

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

Superbase NG

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

Teradata

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

TiDB

| {{yes}}

| {{partial}}

| {{no}}

UniData

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

UniVerse

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

YugabyteDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

! Windows

! macOS

! Linux

! BSD

! UNIX

! AmigaOS

! z/OS

! OpenVMS

! iOS

! Android

Fundamental features

Information about what fundamental RDBMS features are implemented natively.

class="wikitable sortable"
Database Name ! ACID ! Referential integrity ! Transactions ! Fine-grained locking ! Multiversion concurrency control ! Unicode ! Interface ! Type inference
4th Dimension \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| GUI & SQL \| {{Yes}}
ADABAS \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| proprietary direct call & SQL (via 3rd party) \| {{Yes}}
Adaptive Server Enterprise \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{Yes}} (Row-level locking) \| {{Yes}} \| {{yes}} \|API & GUI & SQL \| {{Yes}}
Advantage Database Server \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (Row-level locking) \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}}⁴ \| API & SQL \| {{Yes}}
Altibase \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (Row-level locking) \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| API & GUI & SQL \| {{Yes}}
Apache Derby \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (Row-level locking) {{Cite web\|url=https://db.apache.org/derby/docs/10.14/devguide/cdevconcepts23810.html\|title=Lock granularity\|website=db.apache.org}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| SQL \| {{Yes}}
ClustrixDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| SQL \| {{Yes}}
CockroachDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (Row-level locking) \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| SQL \| {{No}}
CUBRID \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (Row-level locking) \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| GUI & SQL \| {{Yes}}
IBM Db2 \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (Row-level locking){{Cite web \|url=http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSEPGG_9.7.0/com.ibm.db2.luw.admin.perf.doc/doc/c0004121.html \|title=DB2 for Linux UNIX and Windows 9.7.0>Fundamentos de DB2>Performance tuning>Factors affecting performance>Application design>Concurrency issues>Isolation levels \|access-date=2014-04-14 \|archive-date=2014-04-15 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415071213/http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSEPGG_9.7.0/com.ibm.db2.luw.admin.perf.doc/doc/c0004121.html \|url-status=dead }} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| GUI & SQL \| {{Yes}}
Empress Embedded Database \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| API & SQL \| {{Yes}}
EXASolution \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| API & GUI & SQL \| {{Yes}}
Firebird \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| API & SQL \| {{Yes}}
HSQLDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| SQL \| {{Yes}}
H2 \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}}{{Cite web\|url=http://www.h2database.com/html/advanced.html#mvcc\|title = Advanced}} \| {{yes}} \| SQL \| {{Yes}}
Informix Dynamic Server \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (Row-level locking) \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| SQL, REST, MQ, and JSON \| {{Yes}}
Ingres \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (Row-level locking) \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| SQL & QUEL \| {{Yes}}
InterBase \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| SQL \| {{Yes}}
Linter SQL RDBMS \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (Except for DDL) \| {{yes}} (Row-level locking) \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| API & GUI & SQL \| {{Yes}}
LucidDB \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| SQL \| {{Yes}}
MariaDB \| {{yes}}² \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}² except for DDL{{Cite web\|url=https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Transactional_DDL_in_PostgreSQL:_A_Competitive_Analysis\|title=Transactional DDL in PostgreSQL: A Competitive Analysis - PostgreSQL wiki\|website=wiki.postgresql.org}}{{Cite web\|url=https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/MDEV-4259\|title=[MDEV-4259] transactional DDL - Jira\|website=jira.mariadb.org}} \| {{yes}} (Row-level locking) \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| SQL \| {{Yes}}
MaxDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| SQL \| {{Yes}}
Microsoft Access (JET) \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| GUI & SQL \| {{Yes}}
Microsoft Visual FoxPro \| {{Yes}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{Yes}} (Row-level locking SMB2) \| {{Yes}} \| {{No}} \| GUI & SQL \| {{Yes}}
Microsoft SQL Server \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (Row-level locking){{Cite web\|url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj856598.aspx\|title=SQL Server Transaction Locking and Row Versioning Guide}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| GUI & SQL \| {{Yes}}
Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| GUI & SQL \| {{Yes}}
Mimer SQL \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (Optimistic locking) \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| API & GUI & SQL \| {{Yes}}
MonetDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| API & SQL & MAL \| {{Yes}}
MySQL \| {{yes}}² \| {{yes}}³ \| {{yes}}² except for DDL \| {{yes}} (Row-level locking){{Cite web \|url=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/internal-locking.html \|title=MySQL :: MySQL 5.6 Reference Manual :: 8.10.1 Internal Locking Methods \|access-date=2018-03-05 \|archive-date=2018-03-06 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306023025/https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/internal-locking.html \|url-status=dead }} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| GUI ⁵ & SQL \| {{Yes}}
OpenEdge \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}⁶ \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (Row-level locking) \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| GUI & SQL \| {{Yes}}
OpenLink Virtuoso \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| API & GUI & SQL \| {{Yes}}
Oracle \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} except for DDL \| {{yes}} (Row-level locking){{Cite web\|url=http://www.dba-oracle.com/t_locks_row_level_locking_update.htm\|title=dba-oracle.com}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| API & GUI & SQL \| {{Yes}}
Oracle Rdb \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| SQL \| {{Yes}}
Actian Zen (PSQL) \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| API & GUI & SQL \| {{Yes}}
Polyhedra DBMS \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (optimistic and pessimistic cell-level locking){{cite web \| url=http://developer.polyhedra.com/history/polyhedra-8-7 \| title=Polyhedra 8.7 new headline feature: locking }} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| API & SQL \| {{Yes}}
PostgreSQL \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (Row-level locking){{Cite web \|url=https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/explicit-locking.html#LOCKING_ROWS \|title=PostgreSQL: Documentation: Explicit Locking : Row-Level Locks \|access-date=2021-05-13 \|archive-date=2021-05-13 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513151442/https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/explicit-locking.html#LOCKING_ROWS \|url-status=dead }} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| API & GUI & SQL \| {{No}}{{Cite news\|url=https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/9799.1302719551%40sss.pgh.pa.us\|title=Re: BUG #5974: UNION construct type cast gives poor error message\|first=Tom\|last=Lane\|date=April 13, 2011\|website=PostgreSQL Mailing List Archives}}
SAP HANA \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (Row-level locking) \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| API & GUI & SQL \| {{Yes}}
solidDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (Row-level locking) \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| API & SQL \| {{Yes}}
SQL Anywhere \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (Row-level locking){{Cite web\|url=https://help.sap.com/viewer/e38b2f6217f24bdb90a3ff8ae57b1dd5/17.0/en-US/3bee03b56c5f1014ab68e3eff32515dd.html\|title=SAP Help Portal\|website=help.sap.com}} \| {{yes}}{{Cite web\|url=https://help.sap.com/viewer/e38b2f6217f24bdb90a3ff8ae57b1dd5/17.0/en-US/3bf0656e6c5f1014bb32fe2f7ce00302.html\|title=SAP Help Portal\|website=help.sap.com}} \| {{yes}} \| API & GUI & HTTP(S) (REST & SOAP){{Cite web\|url=https://help.sap.com/docs/r/98ad9ec940e2465695685d98e308dff5/17.0/en-US/3bd460b56c5f10148922c11d39abc0b3.html\|title=SAP Help Portal\|website=help.sap.com}} & SQL \| {{Yes}}
SQLBase \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| API & GUI & SQL \| {{Yes}}
SQLite \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} (Database-level locking){{Cite web\|url=https://www.sqlite.org/lockingv3.html\|title=File Locking And Concurrency In SQLite Version 3\|website=www.sqlite.org}} \| {{no}} \| {{optional}}[http://www.sqlite.org/faq.html#q18 SQLite Full Unicode support is optional and not installed by default in most systems] (like Android, Debian...) \| API & SQL \| {{Yes}}
Superbase NG \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} (Record-level locking) \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| GUI & Proprietary & ODBC \| {{Yes}}
Teradata \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (Hash and Partition) \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| SQL \| {{Yes}}
TiDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} except for DDL \| {{yes}} (Row-level locking){{Cite web\|url=https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/basic-features/\|title=TiDB Features\|website=docs.pingcap.com}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| GUI ⁵ & SQL \| {{Yes}}
UniData \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| Multiple \| {{Yes}}
UniVerse \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| Multiple \| {{Yes}}
class="sortbottom" ! Database Name !ACID !Referential integrity !Transactions !Fine-grained locking !Multiversion concurrency control !Unicode !Interface !Type inference

class="wikitable sortable"

Database Name

! ACID

! Referential integrity

! Transactions

! Fine-grained locking

! Multiversion concurrency control

! Unicode

! Interface

! Type inference

4th Dimension

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| GUI & SQL

| {{Yes}}

ADABAS

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| proprietary direct call & SQL (via 3rd party)

| {{Yes}}

Adaptive Server Enterprise

| {{yes}}

| {{Yes}} (Row-level locking)

| {{Yes}}

| {{yes}}

|API & GUI & SQL

| {{Yes}}

Advantage Database Server

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}⁴

| API & SQL

| {{Yes}}

Altibase

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| API & GUI & SQL

| {{Yes}}

Apache Derby

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (Row-level locking) {{Cite web|url=https://db.apache.org/derby/docs/10.14/devguide/cdevconcepts23810.html|title=Lock granularity|website=db.apache.org}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| SQL

| {{Yes}}

ClustrixDB

| {{yes}}

| SQL

| {{Yes}}

CockroachDB

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)

| {{yes}}

| SQL

| {{No}}

CUBRID

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)

| {{yes}}

| GUI & SQL

| {{Yes}}

IBM Db2

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (Row-level locking){{Cite web |url=http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSEPGG_9.7.0/com.ibm.db2.luw.admin.perf.doc/doc/c0004121.html |title=DB2 for Linux UNIX and Windows 9.7.0>Fundamentos de DB2>Performance tuning>Factors affecting performance>Application design>Concurrency issues>Isolation levels |access-date=2014-04-14 |archive-date=2014-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415071213/http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSEPGG_9.7.0/com.ibm.db2.luw.admin.perf.doc/doc/c0004121.html |url-status=dead }}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| GUI & SQL

| {{Yes}}

Empress Embedded Database

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| API & SQL

| {{Yes}}

EXASolution

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| API & GUI & SQL

| {{Yes}}

Firebird

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| API & SQL

| {{Yes}}

HSQLDB

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| SQL

| {{Yes}}

H2

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.h2database.com/html/advanced.html#mvcc|title = Advanced}}

| {{yes}}

| SQL

| {{Yes}}

Informix Dynamic Server

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)

| {{yes}}

| SQL, REST, MQ, and JSON

| {{Yes}}

Ingres

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)

| {{yes}}

| SQL & QUEL

| {{Yes}}

InterBase

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| SQL

| {{Yes}}

Linter SQL RDBMS

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (Except for DDL)

| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| API & GUI & SQL

| {{Yes}}

LucidDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| SQL

| {{Yes}}

MariaDB

| {{yes}}²

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}² except for DDL{{Cite web|url=https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Transactional_DDL_in_PostgreSQL:_A_Competitive_Analysis|title=Transactional DDL in PostgreSQL: A Competitive Analysis - PostgreSQL wiki|website=wiki.postgresql.org}}{{Cite web|url=https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/MDEV-4259|title=[MDEV-4259] transactional DDL - Jira|website=jira.mariadb.org}}

| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)

| {{yes}}

| SQL

| {{Yes}}

MaxDB

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| SQL

| {{Yes}}

Microsoft Access (JET)

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| GUI & SQL

| {{Yes}}

Microsoft Visual FoxPro

| {{Yes}}

| {{Yes}} (Row-level locking SMB2)

| {{Yes}}

| {{No}}

| GUI & SQL

| {{Yes}}

Microsoft SQL Server

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (Row-level locking){{Cite web|url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj856598.aspx|title=SQL Server Transaction Locking and Row Versioning Guide}}

| {{yes}}

| GUI & SQL

| {{Yes}}

Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| GUI & SQL

| {{Yes}}

Mimer SQL

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (Optimistic locking)

| {{yes}}

| API & GUI & SQL

| {{Yes}}

MonetDB

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| API & SQL & MAL

| {{Yes}}

MySQL

| {{yes}}²

| {{yes}}³

| {{yes}}² except for DDL

| {{yes}} (Row-level locking){{Cite web |url=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/internal-locking.html |title=MySQL :: MySQL 5.6 Reference Manual :: 8.10.1 Internal Locking Methods |access-date=2018-03-05 |archive-date=2018-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306023025/https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/internal-locking.html |url-status=dead }}

| {{yes}}

| GUI ⁵ & SQL

| {{Yes}}

OpenEdge

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}⁶

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| GUI & SQL

| {{Yes}}

OpenLink Virtuoso

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| API & GUI & SQL

| {{Yes}}

Oracle

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} except for DDL

| {{yes}} (Row-level locking){{Cite web|url=http://www.dba-oracle.com/t_locks_row_level_locking_update.htm|title=dba-oracle.com}}

| {{yes}}

| API & GUI & SQL

| {{Yes}}

Oracle Rdb

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| SQL

| {{Yes}}

Actian Zen (PSQL)

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| API & GUI & SQL

| {{Yes}}

Polyhedra DBMS

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (optimistic and pessimistic cell-level locking){{cite web | url=http://developer.polyhedra.com/history/polyhedra-8-7 | title=Polyhedra 8.7 new headline feature: locking }}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| API & SQL

| {{Yes}}

PostgreSQL

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (Row-level locking){{Cite web |url=https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/explicit-locking.html#LOCKING_ROWS |title=PostgreSQL: Documentation: Explicit Locking : Row-Level Locks |access-date=2021-05-13 |archive-date=2021-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513151442/https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/explicit-locking.html#LOCKING_ROWS |url-status=dead }}

| {{yes}}

| API & GUI & SQL

| {{No}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/9799.1302719551%40sss.pgh.pa.us|title=Re: BUG #5974: UNION construct type cast gives poor error message|first=Tom|last=Lane|date=April 13, 2011|website=PostgreSQL Mailing List Archives}}

SAP HANA

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)

| {{yes}}

| API & GUI & SQL

| {{Yes}}

solidDB

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| API & SQL

| {{Yes}}

SQL Anywhere

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (Row-level locking){{Cite web|url=https://help.sap.com/viewer/e38b2f6217f24bdb90a3ff8ae57b1dd5/17.0/en-US/3bee03b56c5f1014ab68e3eff32515dd.html|title=SAP Help Portal|website=help.sap.com}}

| {{yes}}{{Cite web|url=https://help.sap.com/viewer/e38b2f6217f24bdb90a3ff8ae57b1dd5/17.0/en-US/3bf0656e6c5f1014bb32fe2f7ce00302.html|title=SAP Help Portal|website=help.sap.com}}

| {{yes}}

| API & GUI & HTTP(S) (REST & SOAP){{Cite web|url=https://help.sap.com/docs/r/98ad9ec940e2465695685d98e308dff5/17.0/en-US/3bd460b56c5f10148922c11d39abc0b3.html|title=SAP Help Portal|website=help.sap.com}} & SQL

| {{Yes}}

SQLBase

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| API & GUI & SQL

| {{Yes}}

SQLite

| {{yes}}

| {{no}} (Database-level locking){{Cite web|url=https://www.sqlite.org/lockingv3.html|title=File Locking And Concurrency In SQLite Version 3|website=www.sqlite.org}}

| {{no}}

| {{optional}}[http://www.sqlite.org/faq.html#q18 SQLite Full Unicode support is optional and not installed by default in most systems] (like Android, Debian...)

| API & SQL

| {{Yes}}

Superbase NG

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}} (Record-level locking)

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| GUI & Proprietary & ODBC

| {{Yes}}

Teradata

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (Hash and Partition)

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| SQL

| {{Yes}}

TiDB

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} except for DDL

| {{yes}} (Row-level locking){{Cite web|url=https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/basic-features/|title=TiDB Features|website=docs.pingcap.com}}

| {{yes}}

| GUI ⁵ & SQL

| {{Yes}}

UniData

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| Multiple

| {{Yes}}

UniVerse

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| Multiple

| {{Yes}}

class="sortbottom"

! Database Name

!ACID

!Referential integrity

!Transactions

!Fine-grained locking

!Multiversion concurrency control

!Unicode

!Interface

!Type inference

Note (1): Currently only supports read uncommitted transaction isolation. Version 1.9 adds serializable isolation and version 2.0 will be fully ACID compliant.
Note (2): MariaDB and MySQL provide ACID compliance through the default InnoDB storage engine.{{cite web

| url = http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/innodb-storage-engine.html

| title = MySQL - The InnoDB Storage Engine

}}{{cite web

| url = http://wiki.oracle.com/page/InnoDB

| title = InnoDB - Oracle Wiki

}}

Note (3): "For other than InnoDB storage engines, MySQL Server parses and ignores the {{mono|FOREIGN KEY}} and {{mono|REFERENCES}} syntax in {{mono|CREATE TABLE}} statements. The {{mono|CHECK}} clause is parsed but ignored by all storage engines."{{cite web

| url = http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/create-table.html

| title = MySQL 5.6 Reference Manual

}}

Note (4): Support for Unicode is new in version 10.0.
Note (5): MySQL provides GUI interface through MySQL Workbench.
Note (6): OpenEdge SQL database engine uses Referential Integrity, OpenEdge ABL Database engine does not and is handled via database triggers.

Limits

Information about data size limits.

style="text-align: center; width: 95%; font-size:80%" class="wikitable sortable"
style="width:12em" \| ! Max DB size ! Max table size ! Max row size ! Max columns per row ! Max Blob/Clob size ! Max CHAR size ! Max NUMBER size ! Min DATE value ! Max DATE value ! Max column name size
style="text-align:left" \| 4th Dimension \| Limited \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| 65,135 \| 200 GB (2 GiB Unicode) \| 200 GB (2 GiB Unicode) \| 64 bits \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Advantage Database Server \| Unlimited \| 16 EiB \| {{val\|65530\|u=B\|fmt=commas}} \| 65,135 / (10+ AvgFieldNameLength) \| 4 GiB \| {{dunno}} \| 64 bits \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| 128
style="text-align:left" \| Apache Derby \| Unlimited \| Unlimited \| Unlimited \| 1,012 (5,000 in views) \| 2,147,483,647 chars \| 254 ({{mono\|VARCHAR}}: 32,672) \| 64 bits \| 0001-01-01 \| 9999-12-31 \| 128
style="text-align:left" \| ClustrixDB \| Unlimited \| Unlimited \| 64 MB on Appliance, 4 MB on AWS \| {{dunno}} \| 64 MB \| 64 MB \| 64 MB \| 0001-01-01 \| 9999-12-31 \| 254
style="text-align:left" \| CUBRID \| 2 EB \| 2 EB \| Unlimited \| Unlimited \| Unlimited \| 1 GB \| 64 bits \| 0001-01-01 \| 9999-12-31 \| 254
style="text-align:left" \| IBM DB2 \| Unlimited \| {{val\|2\|u=ZB}} \| {{val\|1048319\|u=B\|fmt=commas}} \| 1,012 \| {{val\|2\|u=GB}} \| {{val\|32\|u=KiB}} \| 64 bits \| 0001-01-01 \| 9999-12-31 \| 128
style="text-align:left" \| Empress Embedded Database \| Unlimited \| 2⁶³−1 bytes \| 2 GB \| 32,767 \| 2 GB \| 2 GB \| 64 bits \| 0000-01-01 \| 9999-12-31 \| 32
style="text-align:left" \| EXASolution \| Unlimited \| Unlimited \| Unlimited \| 10,000 \| {{N/A}} \| 2 MB \| 128 bits \| 0001-01-01 \| 9999-12-31 \| 256
style="text-align:left" \| FileMaker \| 8 TB \| 8 TB \| 8 TB \| 256,000,000 \| 4 GB \| 10,000,000 \| 1 billion characters, {{10^
400}} to {{10^\|400}}, ± \| 0001-01-01 \| 4000-12-31 \| 100
style="text-align:left" \| Firebird \| Unlimited¹ \| ≈32 TB \| 65,536 B \| Depends on data types used \| 32 GB \| 32,767 B \| 128 bits \| 100 \| 32768 \| 63
style="text-align:left" \| HSQLDB \| 64 TB \| Unlimited⁸ \| Unlimited⁸ \| Unlimited⁸ \| 64 TB⁷ \| Unlimited⁸ \| Unlimited⁸ \| 0001-01-01 \| 9999-12-31 \| 128
style="text-align:left" \| H2 \| 64 TB \| Unlimited⁸ \| Unlimited⁸ \| Unlimited⁸ \| 64 TB⁷ \| Unlimited⁸ \| 64 bits \| -99999999 \| 99999999 \| Unlimited⁸
style="width:16em" \| ! Max DB size ! Max table size ! Max row size ! Max columns per row ! Max Blob/Clob size ! Max CHAR size ! Max NUMBER size ! Min DATE value ! Max DATE value ! Max column name size
style="text-align:left" \| Informix Dynamic Server \| ≈0.5 YB¹² \| ≈0,5YB¹² \| 32,765 bytes (exclusive of large objects) \| 32,765 \| 4 TB \| 32,765¹⁴ \| 10¹²⁵ ¹³ \| 01/01/0001¹⁰ \| 12/31/9999 \| 128 bytes
style="text-align:left" \| Ingres \| Unlimited \| Unlimited \| 256 KB \| 1,024 \| 2 GB \| 32 000 B \| 64 bits \| 0001 \| 9999 \| 256
style="text-align:left" \| InterBase \|Unlimited¹ \| ≈32 TB \| 65,536 B \| Depends on data types used \| 2 GB \| 32,767 B \| 64 bits \| 100 \| 32768 \| 31
style="text-align:left" \| Linter SQL RDBMS \| Unlimited \| 2³⁰ rows \| 64 KB (w/o BLOBs), 2GB (each BLOB value) \| 250 \| 2 GB \| 4000 B \| 64 bits \| 0001-01-01 \| 9999-12-31 \| 66
style="text-align:left" \| MariaDB \| Unlimited \| MyISAM storage limits: 256 TB; Innodb storage limits: 64 TB; Aria storage limits: ??? \| 64 KB³ \| 4,096⁴ \| 4 GB (longtext, longblob) \| 64 KB (text) \| 64 bits \| 1000 \| 9999 \| 64{{cite web \| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/documentation/sql-language-structure/identifier-names/ \| title = Identifier Names \| publisher = MariaDB KnowledgeBase \| access-date = 26 September 2014 }}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft Access (JET) \| 2 GB \| 2 GB \| 16 MB \| 255 \| 64 KB (memo field), 1 GB ("OLE Object" field) \| 255 B (text field) \| 32 bits \| 0100 \| 9999 \| 64
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft Visual Foxpro \| Unlimited \| 2 GB \| 65,500 B \| 255 \| 2 GB \| 16 MB \| 32 bits \| 0001 \| 9999 \| 10
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft SQL Server \| 524,272 TB (32 767 files × 16 TB max file size) 16ZB per instance \| 524,272 TB \| 8,060 bytes / 2 TB⁶ \| 1,024 / 30,000(with sparse columns) \| 2 GB / Unlimited (using RBS/FILESTREAM object) \| 2 GB⁶ \| 126 bits² \| 0001 \| 9999 \| 128
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) \| 4 GB \| 4 GB \| 8,060 bytes \| 1024 \| 2 GB \| 4000 \| 154 bits \| 0001 \| 9999 \| 128
style="text-align:left" \| Mimer SQL \| Unlimited \| Unlimited \| 16000 (+lob data) \| 252 \| Unlimited \| 15000 \| 45 digits \| 0001-01-01 \| 9999-12-31 \| 128
style="text-align:left" \| MonetDB \| Unlimited \| Unlimited \| Unlimited \| Unlimited \| 2 GB \| 2 GB \| 128 bits \| -4712-01-01 \| 9999-12-31 \| 1024
style="text-align:left" \| MySQL \| Unlimited \| MyISAM storage limits: 256 TB; Innodb storage limits: 64 TB \| 64 KB³ \| 4,096⁴ \| 4 GB (longtext, longblob) \| 64 KB (text) \| 64 bits \| 1000 \| 9999 \| 64
style="text-align:left" \| OpenLink Virtuoso \| 32 TB per instance (Unlimited via elastic cluster) \| DB size (or 32 TB) \| 4 KB \| 200 \| 2 GB \| 2 GB \| 2³¹ \| 0 \| 9999 \| 100
style="text-align:left" \| Oracle \| {{val\|2\|u=PB}} (with standard 8k block) {{val\|8\|u=PB}} (with max 32k block) {{val\|8\|u=EB}} (with max 32k block and BIGFILE option) \| 4 GB × block size (with BIGFILE tablespace) \| 8 KB \| 1,000 \| 128 TB \| 32,767 B¹¹ \| 126 bits \| −4712 \| 9999 \| 128
style="width:16em" \| ! Max DB size ! Max table size ! Max row size ! Max columns per row ! Max Blob/Clob size ! Max CHAR size ! Max NUMBER size ! Min DATE value ! Max DATE value ! Max column name size
style="text-align:left" \| Actian Zen (PSQL) \| 4 billion objects \| 256 GB \| 2 GB \| 1,536 \| 2 GB \| 8,000 bytes \| 64 bits \| 01-01-0001 \| 12-31-9999 \| 128 bytes
style="text-align:left" \| Polyhedra \| Limited by available RAM, address space \| 2³² rows \| Unlimited \| 65,536 \| 4 GB (subject to RAM) \| 4 GB (subject to RAM) \| 64 bits \| 0001-01-01 \| 8000-12-31 \| 255
style="text-align:left" \| PostgreSQL{{cite web \| title = PostgreSQL Limits \| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/limits.html \| access-date = 2021-05-13 }} \| Unlimited \| 32 TB \| 1.6 TB \| 250–1600 depending on type \| 1 GB (text, bytea) stored inline or 4 TB using pg_largeobject {{cite web \| title = Large Objects: Introduction \| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/lo-intro.html \| access-date = 2021-05-13 }} \| 1 GB \| Unlimited \| −4,713 {{cite web \| title = Date/Time Types \| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/datatype-datetime.html \| access-date = 2021-05-13 }} \| 5,874,897 \| 63
style="text-align:left" \| SAP HANA \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| solidDB \| 256 TB \| 256 TB \| 32 KB + BLOB data \| Limited by row size \| 4 GB \| 4 GB \| 64 bits \| -32768-01-01 \| 32767-12-31 \| 254
style="text-align:left" \| SQL Anywhere{{Cite web\|url=https://help.sap.com/viewer/61ecb3d4d8be4baaa07cc4db0ddb5d0a/17.0/en-US/813836f16ce210149e89f219dc353b7e.html\|title=SAP Help Portal\|website=help.sap.com}} \| 104 TB (13 files, each file up to 8 TB (32 KB pages)) \| Limited by file size \| Limited by file size \| 45,000 \| 2 GB \| 2 GB \| 64 bits \| 0001-01-01 \| 9999-12-31 \| 128 bytes
style="text-align:left" \| SQLite \| 128 TB (2³¹ pages × 64 KB max page size) \| Limited by file size \| Limited by file size \| 32,767 \| 2 GB \| 2 GB \| 64 bits \| No DATE type⁹ \| No DATE type⁹ \| Unlimited
style="text-align:left" \| Teradata \| Unlimited \| Unlimited \| 64000 wo/lobs (64 GB w/lobs) \| 2,048 \| 2 GB \| 64,000 \| 38 digits \| 0001-01-01 \| 9999-12-31 \| 128
style="text-align:left" \| UniVerse \| Unlimited \| Unlimited \| Unlimited \| Unlimited \| Unlimited \| Unlimited \| Unlimited \| Unlimited \| Unlimited \| Unlimited
! Max DB size ! Max table size ! Max row size ! Max columns per row ! Max Blob/Clob size ! Max CHAR size ! Max NUMBER size ! Min DATE value ! Max DATE value ! Max column name size

style="text-align: center; width: 95%; font-size:80%" class="wikitable sortable"

style="width:12em" |

! Max DB size

! Max table size

! Max row size

! Max columns per row

! Max Blob/Clob size

! Max CHAR size

! Max NUMBER size

! Min DATE value

! Max DATE value

! Max column name size

style="text-align:left" | 4th Dimension

| Limited

| {{dunno}}

| 65,135

| 200 GB (2 GiB Unicode)

| 64 bits

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Advantage Database Server

| Unlimited

| 16 EiB

| {{val|65530|u=B|fmt=commas}}

| 65,135 / (10+ AvgFieldNameLength)

| 4 GiB

| {{dunno}}

| 64 bits

| {{dunno}}

| 128

style="text-align:left" | Apache Derby

| Unlimited

| 1,012 (5,000 in views)

| 2,147,483,647 chars

| 254 ({{mono|VARCHAR}}: 32,672)

| 64 bits

| 0001-01-01

| 9999-12-31

| 128

style="text-align:left" | ClustrixDB

| Unlimited

| 64 MB on Appliance, 4 MB on AWS

| {{dunno}}

| 64 MB

| 0001-01-01

| 9999-12-31

| 254

style="text-align:left" | CUBRID

| 2 EB

| Unlimited

| 1 GB

| 64 bits

| 0001-01-01

| 9999-12-31

| 254

style="text-align:left" | IBM DB2

| Unlimited

| {{val|2|u=ZB}}

| {{val|1048319|u=B|fmt=commas}}

| 1,012

| {{val|2|u=GB}}

| {{val|32|u=KiB}}

| 64 bits

| 0001-01-01

| 9999-12-31

| 128

style="text-align:left" | Empress Embedded Database

| Unlimited

| 2⁶³−1 bytes

| 2 GB

| 32,767

| 2 GB

| 64 bits

| 0000-01-01

| 9999-12-31

| 32

style="text-align:left" | EXASolution

| Unlimited

| 10,000

| {{N/A}}

| 2 MB

| 128 bits

| 0001-01-01

| 9999-12-31

| 256

style="text-align:left" | FileMaker

| 8 TB

| 256,000,000

| 4 GB

| 10,000,000

| 1 billion characters, {{10^

400}} to {{10^|400}}, ±

| 0001-01-01

| 4000-12-31

| 100

style="text-align:left" | Firebird

| Unlimited¹

| ≈32 TB

| 65,536 B

| Depends on data types used

| 32 GB

| 32,767 B

| 128 bits

| 100

| 32768

| 63

style="text-align:left" | HSQLDB

| 64 TB

| Unlimited⁸

| 64 TB⁷

| Unlimited⁸

| 0001-01-01

| 9999-12-31

| 128

style="text-align:left" | H2

| 64 TB

| Unlimited⁸

| 64 TB⁷

| Unlimited⁸

| 64 bits

| -99999999

| 99999999

| Unlimited⁸

style="width:16em" |

! Max DB size

! Max table size

! Max row size

! Max columns per row

! Max Blob/Clob size

! Max CHAR size

! Max NUMBER size

! Min DATE value

! Max DATE value

! Max column name size

style="text-align:left" | Informix Dynamic Server

| ≈0.5 YB¹²

| ≈0,5YB¹²

| 32,765 bytes (exclusive of large objects)

| 32,765

| 4 TB

| 32,765¹⁴

| 10¹²⁵ ¹³

| 01/01/0001¹⁰

| 12/31/9999

| 128 bytes

style="text-align:left" | Ingres

| Unlimited

| 256 KB

| 1,024

| 2 GB

| 32 000 B

| 64 bits

| 0001

| 9999

| 256

style="text-align:left" | InterBase

|Unlimited¹

| ≈32 TB

| 65,536 B

| Depends on data types used

| 2 GB

| 32,767 B

| 64 bits

| 100

| 32768

| 31

style="text-align:left" | Linter SQL RDBMS

| Unlimited

| 2³⁰ rows

| 64 KB (w/o BLOBs),
2GB (each BLOB value)

| 250

| 2 GB

| 4000 B

| 64 bits

| 0001-01-01

| 9999-12-31

| 66

style="text-align:left" | MariaDB

| Unlimited

| MyISAM storage limits: 256 TB;
Innodb storage limits: 64 TB;
Aria storage limits: ???

| 64 KB³

| 4,096⁴

| 4 GB (longtext, longblob)

| 64 KB (text)

| 64 bits

| 1000

| 9999

| 64{{cite web

| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/documentation/sql-language-structure/identifier-names/

| title = Identifier Names

| publisher = MariaDB KnowledgeBase

| access-date = 26 September 2014

}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Access (JET)

| 2 GB

| 16 MB

| 255

| 64 KB (memo field),
1 GB ("OLE Object" field)

| 255 B (text field)

| 32 bits

| 0100

| 9999

| 64

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Visual Foxpro

| Unlimited

| 2 GB

| 65,500 B

| 255

| 2 GB

| 16 MB

| 32 bits

| 0001

| 9999

| 10

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server

| 524,272 TB (32 767 files × 16 TB max file size)

16ZB per instance

| 524,272 TB

| 8,060 bytes / 2 TB⁶

| 1,024 / 30,000(with sparse columns)

| 2 GB / Unlimited (using RBS/FILESTREAM object)

| 2 GB⁶

| 126 bits²

| 0001

| 9999

| 128

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)

| 4 GB

| 8,060 bytes

| 1024

| 2 GB

| 4000

| 154 bits

| 0001

| 9999

| 128

style="text-align:left" | Mimer SQL

| Unlimited

| 16000 (+lob data)

| 252

| Unlimited

| 15000

| 45 digits

| 0001-01-01

| 9999-12-31

| 128

style="text-align:left" | MonetDB

| Unlimited

| 2 GB

| 128 bits

| -4712-01-01

| 9999-12-31

| 1024

style="text-align:left" | MySQL

| Unlimited

| MyISAM storage limits: 256 TB; Innodb storage limits: 64 TB

| 64 KB³

| 4,096⁴

| 4 GB (longtext, longblob)

| 64 KB (text)

| 64 bits

| 1000

| 9999

| 64

style="text-align:left" | OpenLink Virtuoso

| 32 TB per instance
(Unlimited via elastic cluster)

| DB size (or 32 TB)

| 4 KB

| 200

| 2 GB

| 2³¹

| 0

| 9999

| 100

style="text-align:left" | Oracle

| {{val|2|u=PB}} (with standard 8k block)
{{val|8|u=PB}} (with max 32k block)
{{val|8|u=EB}} (with max 32k block and BIGFILE option)

| 4 GB × block size
(with BIGFILE tablespace)

| 8 KB

| 1,000

| 128 TB

| 32,767 B¹¹

| 126 bits

| −4712

| 9999

| 128

style="width:16em" |

! Max DB size

! Max table size

! Max row size

! Max columns per row

! Max Blob/Clob size

! Max CHAR size

! Max NUMBER size

! Min DATE value

! Max DATE value

! Max column name size

style="text-align:left" | Actian Zen (PSQL)

| 4 billion objects

| 256 GB

| 2 GB

| 1,536

| 2 GB

| 8,000 bytes

| 64 bits

| 01-01-0001

| 12-31-9999

| 128 bytes

style="text-align:left" | Polyhedra

| Limited by available RAM, address space

| 2³² rows

| Unlimited

| 65,536

| 4 GB (subject to RAM)

| 64 bits

| 0001-01-01

| 8000-12-31

| 255

style="text-align:left" | PostgreSQL{{cite web

| title = PostgreSQL Limits

| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/limits.html

| access-date = 2021-05-13

}}

| Unlimited

| 32 TB

| 1.6 TB

| 250–1600 depending on type

| 1 GB (text, bytea) stored inline or 4 TB using pg_largeobject

{{cite web

| title = Large Objects: Introduction

| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/lo-intro.html

| access-date = 2021-05-13

}}

| 1 GB

| Unlimited

| −4,713

{{cite web

| title = Date/Time Types

| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/datatype-datetime.html

| access-date = 2021-05-13

}}

| 5,874,897

| 63

style="text-align:left" | SAP HANA

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | solidDB

| 256 TB

| 32 KB + BLOB data

| Limited by row size

| 4 GB

| 64 bits

| -32768-01-01

| 32767-12-31

| 254

style="text-align:left" | SQL Anywhere{{Cite web|url=https://help.sap.com/viewer/61ecb3d4d8be4baaa07cc4db0ddb5d0a/17.0/en-US/813836f16ce210149e89f219dc353b7e.html|title=SAP Help Portal|website=help.sap.com}}

| 104 TB (13 files, each file up to 8 TB (32 KB pages))

| Limited by file size

| 45,000

| 2 GB

| 64 bits

| 0001-01-01

| 9999-12-31

| 128 bytes

style="text-align:left" | SQLite

| 128 TB (2³¹ pages × 64 KB max page size)

| Limited by file size

| 32,767

| 2 GB

| 64 bits

| No DATE type⁹

| Unlimited

style="text-align:left" | Teradata

| Unlimited

| 64000 wo/lobs
(64 GB w/lobs)

| 2,048

| 2 GB

| 64,000

| 38 digits

| 0001-01-01

| 9999-12-31

| 128

style="text-align:left" | UniVerse

| Unlimited

! Max DB size

! Max table size

! Max row size

! Max columns per row

! Max Blob/Clob size

! Max CHAR size

! Max NUMBER size

! Min DATE value

! Max DATE value

! Max column name size

Note (1): Firebird 2.x maximum database size is effectively unlimited with the largest known database size >980 GB.

{{Citation

| url = http://www.firebirdsql.org/index.php?op=guide&id=techspec

| publisher = Firebird SQL

| series = Guide

| title = Technical Specifications

| access-date = 2008-03-30

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100615021231/http://firebirdsql.org/index.php?op=guide&id=techspec

| archive-date = 2010-06-15

| url-status = dead

}}

Firebird 1.5.x maximum database size: 32 TB.

Note (2): Limit is 10³⁸ using DECIMAL datatype.{{Citation

| url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187746.aspx

| publisher = Microsoft

| series = MSDN

| title = Library

| date = 21 May 2024

}}

Note (3): InnoDB is limited to 8,000 bytes (excluding VARBINARY, VARCHAR, BLOB, or TEXT columns).{{Citation

| chapter-url = https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/column-count-limit.html

| publisher = Oracle

| series = MySQL 5.1 Documentation

| title = Reference Manual

| chapter = Column count limit

}}

Note (4): InnoDB is limited to 1,017 columns.
Note (6): Using VARCHAR (MAX) in SQL 2005 and later.{{Citation

| chapter-url = https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms186981.aspx

| publisher = Microsoft

| series = SQL Server Documentation

| title = TechNet Library

| year = 2012

| chapter = Row-Overflow Considerations

}}

Note (7): When using a page size of 32 KB, and when BLOB/CLOB data is stored in the database file.
Note (8): Java array size limit of 2,147,483,648 (2³¹) objects per array applies. This limit applies to number of characters in names, rows per table, columns per table, and characters per CHAR/VARCHAR.
Note (9): Despite the lack of a date datatype, SQLite does include date and time functions,{{Citation

| chapter-url = http://www.sqlite.org/lang_datefunc.html

| publisher = SQLite

| title = Language

| chapter = Date functions

}} which work for timestamps between 24 November 4714 B.C. and 1 November 5352.

Note (10): Informix DATETIME type has adjustable range from YEAR only through 1/10000th second. DATETIME date range is 0001-01-01 00:00:00.00000 through 9999-12-31 23:59:59.99999.
Note (11): Since version 12c. Earlier versions support up to {{val|4000|u=B}}.
Note (12): The {{val|0.5|u=YB}} limit refers to the storage limit of a single Informix server instance beginning with v15.0. Informix v12.10 and later versions support using sharding techniques to distribute a table across multiple server instances. A distributed Informix database has no upper limit on table or database size.
Note (13): Informix DECIMAL type supports up to 32 decimal digits of precision with a range of {{10^|-130}} to {{10^|125}}. Fixed and variable precision are supported.
Note (14): The LONGLVARCHAR type supports strings up to 4TB.

Tables and views

Information about what tables and views (other than basic ones) are supported natively.

style="text-align: center; width: 95%" class="wikitable sortable"
style="width:16em" \| ! Temporary table ! Materialized view
style="text-align:left" \| 4th Dimension \| {{Yes}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| ADABAS \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Adaptive Server Enterprise \| {{yes}}¹ \| {{yes}} – see precomputed result sets
style="text-align:left" \| Advantage Database Server \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} (only common views)
style="text-align:left" \| Altibase \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} (only common views)
style="text-align:left" \| Apache Derby \| {{yes}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| ClustrixDB \| {{yes}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| CUBRID \| {{yes}} (only CTE) \| {{no}} (only common views)
style="text-align:left" \| IBM Db2 \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Empress Embedded Database \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| EXASolution \| {{yes}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Firebird \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} (only common views)
style="text-align:left" \| HSQLDB \| {{yes}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| H2 \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} (only common views)
style="text-align:left" \| Informix Dynamic Server \| {{yes}} \| {{no}}²
style="text-align:left" \| Ingres \| {{yes}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| InterBase \| {{yes}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Linter SQL RDBMS \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| LucidDB \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| MariaDB \| {{yes}} \| {{no}}⁴
style="text-align:left" \| MaxDB \| {{yes}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft Access (JET) \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft Visual Foxpro \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft SQL Server \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) \| {{yes}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Mimer SQL \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| MonetDB \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} (only common views)
style="text-align:left" \| MySQL \| {{yes}} \| {{no}}⁴
style="text-align:left" \| Oracle \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Oracle Rdb \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| OpenLink Virtuoso \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Actian Zen (PSQL) \| {{yes}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Polyhedra DBMS \| {{no}} \| {{no}} (only common views)
style="text-align:left" \| PostgreSQL \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| SAP HANA \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| solidDB \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} (only common views)
style="text-align:left" \| SQL Anywhere \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| SQLite \| {{yes}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Superbase \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Teradata \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| UniData \| {{yes}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| UniVerse \| {{yes}} \| {{no}}
style="width:16em" \| ! Temporary table ! Materialized view

style="text-align: center; width: 95%" class="wikitable sortable"

style="width:16em" |

! Temporary table

! Materialized view

style="text-align:left" | 4th Dimension

| {{Yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | ADABAS

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Adaptive Server Enterprise

| {{yes}}¹

| {{yes}} – see precomputed result sets

style="text-align:left" | Advantage Database Server

| {{yes}}

| {{no}} (only common views)

style="text-align:left" | Altibase

| {{yes}}

| {{no}} (only common views)

style="text-align:left" | Apache Derby

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | ClustrixDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | CUBRID

| {{yes}} (only CTE)

| {{no}} (only common views)

style="text-align:left" | IBM Db2

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Empress Embedded Database

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | EXASolution

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Firebird

| {{yes}}

| {{no}} (only common views)

style="text-align:left" | HSQLDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | H2

| {{yes}}

| {{no}} (only common views)

style="text-align:left" | Informix Dynamic Server

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}²

style="text-align:left" | Ingres

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | InterBase

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Linter SQL RDBMS

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | LucidDB

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | MariaDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}⁴

style="text-align:left" | MaxDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Access (JET)

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Visual Foxpro

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Mimer SQL

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | MonetDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}} (only common views)

style="text-align:left" | MySQL

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}⁴

style="text-align:left" | Oracle

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Oracle Rdb

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | OpenLink Virtuoso

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Actian Zen (PSQL)

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Polyhedra DBMS

| {{no}}

| {{no}} (only common views)

style="text-align:left" | PostgreSQL

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | SAP HANA

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | solidDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}} (only common views)

style="text-align:left" | SQL Anywhere

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | SQLite

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Superbase

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Teradata

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | UniData

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | UniVerse

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="width:16em" |

! Temporary table

! Materialized view

Note (1): Server provides tempdb, which can be used for public and private (for the session) temp tables.{{Citation

| url = http://sybooks.sybase.com/onlinebooks/group-as/asg1250e/sag/@Generic__BookTextView/3225;

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051023153932/http://sybooks.sybase.com/onlinebooks/group-as/asg1250e/sag/@Generic__BookTextView/3225;

| url-status = dead

| archive-date = 2005-10-23

| publisher = Sybase

| title = Online books

}}

Note (2): Materialized views are not supported in Informix; the term is used in IBM's documentation to refer to a temporary table created to run the view's query when it is too complex, but one cannot for example define the way it is refreshed or build an index on it. The term is defined in the Informix Performance Guide.{{Citation

| publisher = IBM

| url = http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/idshelp/v115/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.perf.doc/ids_prf_534.htm

| series = Info Centre

| title = Informix Performance Guide

}}

Note (4): Materialized views can be emulated using stored procedures and triggers.{{Citation

| publisher = Red Noize

| series = Pure

| title = Dynamic Materialized Views in MySQL

| url = http://pure.rednoize.com/archives/13/

| url-status = dead

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060423094210/http://pure.rednoize.com/archives/13/

| archive-date = 2006-04-23

|year=2005

}}

Indexes

Information about what indexes (other than basic B-/B+ tree indexes) are supported natively.

style="text-align: center; width: 95%; font-size:80%" class="wikitable sortable"
style="width:16em" \| ! R-/R+ tree ! Hash ! Expression ! Partial ! Reverse ! Bitmap ! GiST ! GIN ! Full-text ! Spatial ! Forest of Trees Index ! Duplicate index prevention
style="text-align:left" \| 4th Dimension \| {{dunno}} \| style="background:#ffd;"\| Cluster \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| ADABAS \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Adaptive Server Enterprise \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Advantage Database Server \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Apache Derby \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}{{Citation \| chapter-url = https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/DERBY-472 \| chapter = Derby \| title = Full Text Indexing, Search \| publisher = Apache \| series = Issues }} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| ClustrixDB \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| CUBRID \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}{{cite web \| url = http://www.cubrid.org/blog/news/announcing-cubrid-9-0-with-3x-performance-increase-and-sharding-support/ \| title = CUBRID 9.0 release \| access-date = 2013-02-05 \| archive-date = 2013-02-14 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130214205927/http://www.cubrid.org/blog/news/announcing-cubrid-9-0-with-3x-performance-increase-and-sharding-support \| url-status = dead }} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| IBM Db2 \| {{Yes}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}{{Citation \| url = http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/data/tutorials/dm-0810shettar/ \| publisher = IBM \| series = Developer Works \| title = Full-text search with Db2 Text Search }} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Empress Embedded Database \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| EXASolution \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Firebird \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}{{Citation \| url = http://www.firebirdfaq.org/faq328/ \| publisher = Firebird FAQ \| title = Does Firebird support full-text search? }} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| HSQLDB \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| H2 \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}{{Citation \| url = http://www.h2database.com/html/tutorial.html#fulltext \| publisher = H2 Database \| title = Fulltext Search \| series = Tutorial }} \| {{yes}}{{Citation \| url = http://www.h2database.com/html/grammar.html#create_index \| publisher = H2 Database \| title = Create Spatial Index \| series = Grammar }} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Informix Dynamic Server \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}{{Citation \| publisher = IBM \| url = https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/informix-servers/15.0.0?topic=indexes-forest-trees \| title = Informix 15.0.0 online documentation \| date = 19 November 2024 }} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Ingres \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes\|Ingres v10}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes\|Ingres v10}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| InterBase \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Linter SQL RDBMS¹⁰ \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} temporary indexes for equality joins \| {{yes}} for some scalar functions like LOWER and UPPER \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} {{Citation \| url = http://linter.ru/en/documentation/pdf/phrase.pdf \| publisher = Linter \| place = RU \| series = Documentation \| title = Full Text Search Functions \| access-date = 2010-06-06 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110820025927/http://linter.ru/en/documentation/pdf/phrase.pdf \| archive-date = 2011-08-20 \| url-status = dead }} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| LucidDB \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| MariaDB \| style="background:#ffd;"\| Aria and MyISAM tables and, since v10.2.2, InnoDB tables only{{Citation \| publisher = mariadb.com \| series = MariaDB \| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/spatial-index/ \| title = SPATIAL INDEX \| access-date = 24 September 2017 }} \| style="background:#ffd;"\| MEMORY,{{cite web \| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/storage-engine-index-types/ \| title = Storage Engine Index Types \| publisher = mariadb.com \| access-date = 25 April 2016 }} InnoDB,⁵ tables only \| style="background:#ffd;" \| PERSISTENT virtual columns only{{Citation \| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/virtual-columns/ \| title = Virtual Columns - MariaDB Knowledge Base }} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}{{cite web \| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/fulltext-index-overview/ \| title = Fulltext Index Overview \| publisher = mariadb.com \| access-date = 25 April 2016 }} \| style="background:#ffd;"\| Aria and MyISAM tables and, since v10.2.2, InnoDB tables only \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| MaxDB \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft Access (JET) \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}{{Citation \| url = https://stackoverflow.com/questions/399406/does-microsoft-access-have-full-text-search \| publisher = Stack Overflow \| series = Questions \| title = Does Microsoft Access have Full Text Search? }} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft Visual Foxpro \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}² \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft SQL Server \| style="background:#ffd;"\| Spatial Indexes \| {{yes}}⁴ \| {{yes}}³ \| {{yes}} \| style="background:#ffd;"\|on Computed columns³ \| style="background:#ffd;"\|Bitmap filter index for Star Join Query \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}{{Citation \| publisher = Microsoft \| series = MSDN \| chapter-url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms142571.aspx \| title = Library \| chapter = Microsoft SQL Server Full-Text Search }} \| {{yes}}{{Citation \| publisher = Microsoft \| series = Tech Net \| chapter-url = https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb964712.aspx \| title = Library \| chapter = Spatial Indexing Overview \| date = 4 October 2012 }} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}{{Citation \| publisher = Microsoft \| series = MSDN \| chapter-url = http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/sqlce/thread/4a8af1a6-c644-41a5-8637-c7c5a6d73a4c \| title = Forums \| chapter = Microsoft SQL Server Compact Full-text search is not available }} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Mimer SQL \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| MonetDB \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| MySQL \| style="background:#ffd;"\| Spatial Indexes{{Citation \| publisher = Oracle \| series = MySQL \| url = https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-index.html#create-index-storage-engine-index-types \| title = Index Types Per Storage Engine \| access-date = 24 September 2017 }} \| style="background:#ffd;"\| MEMORY, Cluster (NDB), InnoDB,⁵ tables only \| {{no}}{{Citation \| publisher = Oracle \| series = MySQL \| chapter-url = http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=4990 \| title = Bugs \| chapter = Feature request #4990: Functional Indexes }} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| style="background:#ffd;"\| MyISAM tables{{Citation \| publisher = Oracle \| series = MySQL \| chapter-url = http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=13979 \| title = Bugs \| chapter = Feature request #13979: InnoDB engine doesn't support FULLTEXT }} and, since v5.6.4, InnoDB tables{{Citation \| publisher = Oracle \| series = MySQL \| chapter-url = http://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.6/en/news-5-6-4.html \| title = Release Notes \| chapter = MySQL v5.6.4 Release Notes }} \| style="background:#ffd;"\| MyISAM tables{{Citation \| publisher = Oracle \| series = MySQL \| url = http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/creating-spatial-indexes.html \| title = Creating Spatial Indexes }} and, since v5.7.5, InnoDB tables{{Citation \| publisher = Oracle \| url = https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/news-5-7-5.html#mysqld-5-7-5-spatial-support \| title = Changes in MySQL 5.7.5 }} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| OpenLink Virtuoso \| {{yes}} \| style="background:#ffd;"\| Cluster \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (Commercial only) \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Oracle \| {{yes}} ¹¹ \| style="background:#ffd;"\| Cluster Tables \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} ⁶ \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}{{Citation \| url = https://stackoverflow.com/questions/202623/does-oracle-support-full-text-search \| publisher = Stack Overflow \| series = Questions \| title = Does Oracle support full text search? }} \| {{yes}}{{Citation \| publisher = Oracle \| series = Tech Network \| chapter-url = http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/options/spatial/ \| title = Spatial & Locator \| chapter = Location Features for Database 11g }} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}}{{Cite web\|url=https://www.techonthenet.com/oracle/errors/ora01408.php\|title=Oracle / PLSQL: ORA-01408 Error Message\|website=www.techonthenet.com}}
style="text-align:left" \| Oracle Rdb \| {{No}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{No}} \| {{No}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{No}} \| {{No}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Actian Zen (PSQL) \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Polyhedra DBMS \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| PostgreSQL \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}⁷ \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}{{Citation \| publisher = PostgreSQL community \| series = Documentation \| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/indexes-types.html \| title = Index Types \| date = 11 November 2021 }} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}{{Citation \| publisher = PostgreSQL community \| series = Documentation \| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/textsearch.html \| title = Full Text Search \| date = 11 November 2021 }} \| style="background:#ffd;"\| PostGIS{{Citation \| publisher = The PostGIS Development Group \| series = PostGIS Manual \| url = https://postgis.net/docs/postgis_usage.html#build-indexes \| title = Building Spatial Indexes \| access-date = 2021-05-13 \| archive-date = 2021-05-03 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210503205533/https://postgis.net/docs/postgis_usage.html#build-indexes \| url-status = dead }} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| SAP HANA \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| solidDB \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| SQL Anywhere \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| SQLite \| {{yes}}{{Cite web\|url=http://www.sqlite.org/rtree.html\|title=The SQLite R*Tree Module\|website=www.sqlite.org}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}{{Cite web\|url=https://sqlite.org/expridx.html\|title=Indexes On Expressions\|website=sqlite.org}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}{{Cite web\|url=https://www.sqlite.org/fts5.html\|title=SQLite FTS5 Extension\|website=www.sqlite.org}} \| style="background:#ffd;"\| SpatiaLite{{Citation \| url = http://www.gaia-gis.it/spatialite/ \| publisher = Gaia GIS 2.3.1 \| place = IT \| title = SpatiaLite \| access-date = 2010-12-06 \| archive-date = 2011-07-22 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722033735/http://www.gaia-gis.it/spatialite/ \| url-status = dead }} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| SQream DB \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Teradata \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}}{{Citation \| url = http://www.info.teradata.com/FullText/eFull-Text-Srch.cfm \| publisher = Teradata \| series = Online Publications \| title = Full-Text Search }} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| UniVerse \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}³ \| {{yes}}³ \| {{yes}}³ \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}}geospatial \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}}
! ! R-/R+ tree ! Hash ! Expression ! Partial ! Reverse ! Bitmap ! GiST ! GIN ! Full-text ! Spatial ! Forest of Trees Index ! Duplicate index prevention

style="text-align: center; width: 95%; font-size:80%" class="wikitable sortable"

style="width:16em" |

! R-/R+ tree

! Hash

! Expression

! Partial

! Reverse

! Bitmap

! GiST

! GIN

! Full-text

! Spatial

! Forest of Trees Index

! Duplicate index prevention

style="text-align:left" | 4th Dimension

| {{dunno}}

| style="background:#ffd;"| Cluster

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | ADABAS

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Adaptive Server Enterprise

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Advantage Database Server

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Apache Derby

| {{no}}

| {{no}}{{Citation

| chapter-url = https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/DERBY-472

| chapter = Derby

| title = Full Text Indexing, Search

| publisher = Apache

| series = Issues

}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | ClustrixDB

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | CUBRID

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}{{cite web

| url = http://www.cubrid.org/blog/news/announcing-cubrid-9-0-with-3x-performance-increase-and-sharding-support/

| title = CUBRID 9.0 release

| access-date = 2013-02-05

| archive-date = 2013-02-14

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130214205927/http://www.cubrid.org/blog/news/announcing-cubrid-9-0-with-3x-performance-increase-and-sharding-support

| url-status = dead

}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | IBM Db2

| {{Yes}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}{{Citation

| url = http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/data/tutorials/dm-0810shettar/

| publisher = IBM

| series = Developer Works

| title = Full-text search with Db2 Text Search

}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Empress Embedded Database

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | EXASolution

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Firebird

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{no}}{{Citation

| url = http://www.firebirdfaq.org/faq328/

| publisher = Firebird FAQ

| title = Does Firebird support full-text search?

}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | HSQLDB

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | H2

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}{{Citation

| url = http://www.h2database.com/html/tutorial.html#fulltext

| publisher = H2 Database

| title = Fulltext Search

| series = Tutorial

}}

| {{yes}}{{Citation

| url = http://www.h2database.com/html/grammar.html#create_index

| publisher = H2 Database

| title = Create Spatial Index

| series = Grammar

}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Informix Dynamic Server

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}{{Citation

| publisher = IBM

| url = https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/informix-servers/15.0.0?topic=indexes-forest-trees

| title = Informix 15.0.0 online documentation

| date = 19 November 2024

}}

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Ingres

| {{yes}}

| {{yes|Ingres v10}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes|Ingres v10}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | InterBase

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Linter SQL RDBMS¹⁰

| {{no}}

| {{yes}} temporary indexes for equality joins

| {{yes}} for some scalar functions like LOWER and UPPER

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

{{Citation

| url = http://linter.ru/en/documentation/pdf/phrase.pdf

| publisher = Linter

| place = RU

| series = Documentation

| title = Full Text Search Functions

| access-date = 2010-06-06

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110820025927/http://linter.ru/en/documentation/pdf/phrase.pdf

| archive-date = 2011-08-20

| url-status = dead

}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | LucidDB

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | MariaDB

| style="background:#ffd;"| Aria and MyISAM tables and, since v10.2.2, InnoDB tables only{{Citation

| publisher = mariadb.com

| series = MariaDB

| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/spatial-index/

| title = SPATIAL INDEX

| access-date = 24 September 2017

}}

| style="background:#ffd;"| MEMORY,{{cite web

| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/storage-engine-index-types/

| title = Storage Engine Index Types

| publisher = mariadb.com

| access-date = 25 April 2016

}} InnoDB,⁵ tables only

| style="background:#ffd;" | PERSISTENT virtual columns only{{Citation

| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/virtual-columns/

| title = Virtual Columns - MariaDB Knowledge Base

}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}{{cite web

| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/fulltext-index-overview/

| title = Fulltext Index Overview

| publisher = mariadb.com

| access-date = 25 April 2016

}}

| style="background:#ffd;"| Aria and MyISAM tables and, since v10.2.2, InnoDB tables only

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | MaxDB

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Access (JET)

| {{no}}

| {{no}}{{Citation

| url = https://stackoverflow.com/questions/399406/does-microsoft-access-have-full-text-search

| publisher = Stack Overflow

| series = Questions

| title = Does Microsoft Access have Full Text Search?

}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Visual Foxpro

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}²

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server

| style="background:#ffd;"| Spatial Indexes

| {{yes}}⁴

| {{yes}}³

| {{yes}}

| style="background:#ffd;"|on Computed columns³

| style="background:#ffd;"|Bitmap filter index for Star Join Query

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}{{Citation

| publisher = Microsoft

| series = MSDN

| chapter-url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms142571.aspx

| title = Library

| chapter = Microsoft SQL Server Full-Text Search

}}

| {{yes}}{{Citation

| publisher = Microsoft

| series = Tech Net

| chapter-url = https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb964712.aspx

| title = Library

| chapter = Spatial Indexing Overview

| date = 4 October 2012

}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)

| {{no}}

| {{no}}{{Citation

| publisher = Microsoft

| series = MSDN

| chapter-url = http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/sqlce/thread/4a8af1a6-c644-41a5-8637-c7c5a6d73a4c

| title = Forums

| chapter = Microsoft SQL Server Compact Full-text search is not available

}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Mimer SQL

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | MonetDB

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | MySQL

| style="background:#ffd;"| Spatial Indexes{{Citation

| publisher = Oracle

| series = MySQL

| url = https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-index.html#create-index-storage-engine-index-types

| title = Index Types Per Storage Engine

| access-date = 24 September 2017

}}

| style="background:#ffd;"| MEMORY, Cluster (NDB), InnoDB,⁵ tables only

| {{no}}{{Citation

| publisher = Oracle

| series = MySQL

| chapter-url = http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=4990

| title = Bugs

| chapter = Feature request #4990: Functional Indexes

}}

| {{no}}

| style="background:#ffd;"| MyISAM tables{{Citation

| publisher = Oracle

| series = MySQL

| chapter-url = http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=13979

| title = Bugs

| chapter = Feature request #13979: InnoDB engine doesn't support FULLTEXT

}} and, since v5.6.4, InnoDB tables{{Citation

| publisher = Oracle

| series = MySQL

| chapter-url = http://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.6/en/news-5-6-4.html

| title = Release Notes

| chapter = MySQL v5.6.4 Release Notes

}}

| style="background:#ffd;"| MyISAM tables{{Citation

| publisher = Oracle

| series = MySQL

| url = http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/creating-spatial-indexes.html

| title = Creating Spatial Indexes

}} and, since v5.7.5, InnoDB tables{{Citation

| publisher = Oracle

| url = https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/news-5-7-5.html#mysqld-5-7-5-spatial-support

| title = Changes in MySQL 5.7.5

}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | OpenLink Virtuoso

| {{yes}}

| style="background:#ffd;"| Cluster

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (Commercial only)

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Oracle

| {{yes}} ¹¹

| style="background:#ffd;"| Cluster Tables

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} ⁶

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}{{Citation

| url = https://stackoverflow.com/questions/202623/does-oracle-support-full-text-search

| publisher = Stack Overflow

| series = Questions

| title = Does Oracle support full text search?

}}

| {{yes}}{{Citation

| publisher = Oracle

| series = Tech Network

| chapter-url = http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/options/spatial/

| title = Spatial & Locator

| chapter = Location Features for Database 11g

}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.techonthenet.com/oracle/errors/ora01408.php|title=Oracle / PLSQL: ORA-01408 Error Message|website=www.techonthenet.com}}

style="text-align:left" | Oracle Rdb

| {{No}}

| {{Yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{No}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{No}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Actian Zen (PSQL)

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Polyhedra DBMS

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | PostgreSQL

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}⁷

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}{{Citation

| publisher = PostgreSQL community

| series = Documentation

| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/indexes-types.html

| title = Index Types

| date = 11 November 2021

}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}{{Citation

| publisher = PostgreSQL community

| series = Documentation

| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/textsearch.html

| title = Full Text Search

| date = 11 November 2021

}}

| style="background:#ffd;"| PostGIS{{Citation

| publisher = The PostGIS Development Group

| series = PostGIS Manual

| url = https://postgis.net/docs/postgis_usage.html#build-indexes

| title = Building Spatial Indexes

| access-date = 2021-05-13

| archive-date = 2021-05-03

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210503205533/https://postgis.net/docs/postgis_usage.html#build-indexes

| url-status = dead

}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | SAP HANA

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | solidDB

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | SQL Anywhere

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | SQLite

| {{yes}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.sqlite.org/rtree.html|title=The SQLite R*Tree Module|website=www.sqlite.org}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}{{Cite web|url=https://sqlite.org/expridx.html|title=Indexes On Expressions|website=sqlite.org}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.sqlite.org/fts5.html|title=SQLite FTS5 Extension|website=www.sqlite.org}}

| style="background:#ffd;"| SpatiaLite{{Citation

| url = http://www.gaia-gis.it/spatialite/

| publisher = Gaia GIS 2.3.1

| place = IT

| title = SpatiaLite

| access-date = 2010-12-06

| archive-date = 2011-07-22

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722033735/http://www.gaia-gis.it/spatialite/

| url-status = dead

}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | SQream DB

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Teradata

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}{{Citation

| url = http://www.info.teradata.com/FullText/eFull-Text-Srch.cfm

| publisher = Teradata

| series = Online Publications

| title = Full-Text Search

}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | UniVerse

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}³

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}geospatial

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

!

! R-/R+ tree

! Hash

! Expression

! Partial

! Reverse

! Bitmap

! GiST

! GIN

! Full-text

! Spatial

! Forest of Trees Index

! Duplicate index prevention

Note (1): The users need to use a function from freeAdhocUDF library or similar.{{Citation

| url = http://www.udf.adhoc-data.de/index_eng.html

| publisher = Ad Hoc Data

| title = UDF

| access-date = 2007-01-11

| archive-date = 2019-09-14

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190914222246/http://www.udf.adhoc-data.de/index_eng.html

| url-status = dead

}}

Note (2): Can be implemented for most data types using expression-based indexes.
Note (3): Can be emulated by indexing a computed column{{Citation

| series = MSDN

| chapter-url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/createdb/cm_8_des_05_8os3.asp

| publisher = Microsoft

| title = Library

| chapter = Create DB

}} (doesn't easily update) or by using an "Indexed View"{{Citation

| series = MSDN

| publisher = Microsoft

| chapter-url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa933124(SQL.80).aspx

| title = Library

| chapter = SQL

}} (proper name not just any view works{{cite book

| last = Petkovic

| first = Dusan

| title = Microsoft SQL Server 2005: A Beginner's Guide

| publisher = McGraw-Hill Professional

| year = 2005

| isbn = 978-0-07-226093-9

| page = 300

}}).

Note (4): Used for InMemory ColumnStore index, temporary hash index for hash join, Non/Cluster & fill factor.
Note (5): InnoDB automatically generates adaptive hash index{{Citation

| publisher = Oracle

| chapter-url = http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/innodb-adaptive-hash.html

| title = Reference manual 5.0

| chapter = InnoDB adaptive Hash

| series = Development documentation

}} entries as needed.

Note (6): Can be implemented using Function-based Indexes in Oracle 8i and higher, but the function needs to be used in the sql for the index to be used.
Note (7): A PostgreSQL functional index can be used to reverse the order of a field.
Note (10): B+ tree and full-text only for now.
Note (11): R-Tree indexing available in base edition with Locator but some functionality requires Personal Edition or Enterprise Edition with Spatial option.
Note (12): FOT or Forest of Trees indexes is a type of B-tree index consisting of multiple B-trees which reduces contention in multi-user environments.{{Citation

| publisher = IBM

| chapter-url =https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/informix-servers/15.0.0?topic=indexes-forest-trees =

| title = Informix 15.0 online documentation

| chapter = Forest of Trees

| series = Development documentation

}}

Database capabilities

style="text-align: center; width: 95%; font-size:80%" class="wikitable sortable"
style="width:16em" \| ! Union ! Intersect ! Except ! Inner joins ! Outer joins ! Inner selects ! Merge joins ! Blobs and clobs ! Common table expressions ! Windowing functions ! Parallel query ! System-versioned tables
style="text-align:left" \| 4th Dimension \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| ADABAS \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Adaptive Server Enterprise \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Advantage Database Server \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Altibase \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes\|Yes, via MINUS}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{No}} \| {{No}} \| {{No}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Apache Derby \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| ClustrixDB \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| CUBRID \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| IBM Db2 \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}{{Citation \| chapter-url = http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/data/library/techarticle/dm-0608mcinerney/ \| publisher = IBM \| series = Developer Works \| title = Library \| chapter = Article }} \| {{yes}}{{cite web \|url=https://modern-sql.com/blog/2018-08/whats-new-in-mariadb-10.3#3.system-versioned-tables \|title = What's new in MariaDB 10.3}}
style="text-align:left" \| Empress Embedded Database \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| EXASolution \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Firebird \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| HSQLDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}{{Cite web\|url=http://hsqldb.org/web/features200.html\|title=HyperSQL 2.5 New Features\|website=hsqldb.org}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| H2 \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| experimental{{Cite web\|url=http://h2database.com/html/advanced.html#recursive_queries\|title=Advanced\|website=h2database.com}} \| {{yes}}{{Cite web\|url=https://www.h2database.com/html/functions.html\|title=Functions\|website=www.h2database.com}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Informix Dynamic Server \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes\|Yes, via MINUS}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}{{Cite web\|url=http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=382443\|title=Informix parallel data query (PDQ)\|first=David\|last=Clay\|date=January 1, 1993\|publisher=IEEE Computer Society Press\|pages=71–73\|via=ACM Digital Library}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Ingres \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}{{cite web \| url=https://docs.actian.com/ingres/10S/index.html#page/RelSum%2FCommon_Table_Expressions.htm \| title=Ingres }} \| {{yes}}{{cite web \| url=https://docs.actian.com/ingres/10.2/index.html#page/RelSum%2FWindow_Functions.htm \| title=Ingres }} \| {{yes}}{{cite web \| url=https://docs.actian.com/ingres/10s/index.html#page/DatabaseAdmin/Parallel_Query_Execution.htm \| title=Ingres }} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| InterBase \| {{Yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Linter SQL RDBMS \| {{Yes}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{No}} \| {{No}}
style="text-align:left" \| LucidDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| MariaDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes\|10.3+}}{{Cite web \|url=https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/intersect/ \|title=INTERSECT \|website=mariadb.com}} \| {{yes\|10.3+}}{{Cite web \|url=https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/except/ \|title=EXCEPT \|website=mariadb.com}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}{{cite web \| url = https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/MDEV-8308 \| title = CTE implemented in 10.2.2 \| publisher = mariadb.org \| access-date = 26 July 2017 }} \| {{yes}}{{cite web \| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/window-functions-overview/ \| title = Window Functions Overview \| publisher = mariadb.com \| access-date = 25 April 2016 }} \| {{no}}{{Citation \| publisher = Oracle \| series = MySQL \| chapter-url = http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=1542 \| title = Bugs \| chapter = Feature request #1542: Parallel query }} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| MaxDB \| {{Yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft Access (JET) \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft Visual Foxpro \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft SQL Server \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}{{Citation \| url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/ms189798%28v=sql.105%29 \| publisher = Microsoft \| title = Only very limited functions available before SQL Server 2012 }} \| {{yes}}{{Citation \| chapter-url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178065.aspx \| publisher = Microsoft \| series = MSDN \| title = Library \| chapter = SQL Server Parallel Query Processing \| date = 4 October 2012 }} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Mimer SQL \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| MonetDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| MySQL \| {{yes}} \| {{yes\|8+}}{{Cite web \|url=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/intersect.html \|title=INTERSECT \|website=mysql.com}} \| {{yes\|8+}}{{Cite web \|url=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/except.html \|title=EXCEPT \|website=mysql.com}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes\|8+}}{{Citation \| publisher = Oracle \| series = MySQL \| chapter-url = http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=16244 \| title = Bugs \| chapter = Feature request #16244: SQL-99 Derived table WITH clause (CTE) }} \| {{yes\|8+}}{{Citation \| url = https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/window-functions.html \| title = Window Functions \| publisher = mysql.com \| access-date = 20 July 2021 }} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| OpenLink Virtuoso \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Oracle \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes\|Yes, via MINUS}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} ¹ \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}{{Citation \| publisher = Ora FAQ \| series = Wiki \| url = http://www.orafaq.com/wiki/Parallel_Query_FAQ \| title = Parallel Query }} \| {{yes}}{{Cite web\|title=New Features Oracle 12.1.0.1\|url=https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/sqlrf/Changes-in-This-Release-for-Oracle-Database-SQL-Language-Reference.html#GUID-10675CB5-32F6-4E2B-8D01-A9C6B9649839\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025063656/https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/sqlrf/Changes-in-This-Release-for-Oracle-Database-SQL-Language-Reference.html \|archive-date=2020-10-25 }}
style="text-align:left" \| Oracle Rdb \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Actian Zen (PSQL) \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Polyhedra DBMS \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| PostgreSQL \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}{{Citation \| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/parallel-query.html \| publisher = PostgreSQL \| title = Parallel Query \| date = 11 August 2022 }} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| SAP HANA \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| solidDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| SQL Anywhere \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| SQLite \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes\|3.43.0+}}{{Cite web\|url=https://www.sqlite.org/releaselog/3_43_0.html\|title=SQLite Release 3.43.0 On 2023-08-24\|website=sqlite.org}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes\|3.8.3+}}{{Cite web\|url=https://sqlite.org/lang_with.html\|title=The WITH Clause\|website=sqlite.org}} \| {{yes\|3.25+}}{{Cite web\|url=https://sqlite.org/windowfunctions.html\|title=Window Functions\|website=sqlite.org}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| SQream DB \| {{Depends\|ALL only}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Teradata \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| UniVerse \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
\| ! Union ! Intersect ! Except ! Inner joins ! Outer joins ! Inner selects ! Merge joins ! Blobs and clobs ! Common table expressions ! Windowing functions ! Parallel query ! System-versioned tables

style="text-align: center; width: 95%; font-size:80%" class="wikitable sortable"

style="width:16em" |

! Union

! Intersect

! Except

! Inner joins

! Outer joins

! Inner selects

! Merge joins

! Blobs and clobs

! Common table expressions

! Windowing functions

! Parallel query

! System-versioned tables

style="text-align:left" | 4th Dimension

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | ADABAS

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Adaptive Server Enterprise

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Advantage Database Server

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Altibase

| {{yes}}

| {{yes|Yes, via MINUS}}

| {{yes}}

| {{No}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Apache Derby

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | ClustrixDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | CUBRID

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | IBM Db2

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}{{Citation

| chapter-url = http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/data/library/techarticle/dm-0608mcinerney/

| publisher = IBM

| series = Developer Works

| title = Library

| chapter = Article

}}

| {{yes}}{{cite web |url=https://modern-sql.com/blog/2018-08/whats-new-in-mariadb-10.3#3.system-versioned-tables |title = What's new in MariaDB 10.3}}

style="text-align:left" | Empress Embedded Database

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | EXASolution

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Firebird

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | HSQLDB

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}{{Cite web|url=http://hsqldb.org/web/features200.html|title=HyperSQL 2.5 New Features|website=hsqldb.org}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | H2

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| experimental{{Cite web|url=http://h2database.com/html/advanced.html#recursive_queries|title=Advanced|website=h2database.com}}

| {{yes}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.h2database.com/html/functions.html|title=Functions|website=www.h2database.com}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Informix Dynamic Server

| {{yes}}

| {{yes|Yes, via MINUS}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}{{Cite web|url=http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=382443|title=Informix parallel data query (PDQ)|first=David|last=Clay|date=January 1, 1993|publisher=IEEE Computer Society Press|pages=71–73|via=ACM Digital Library}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Ingres

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}{{cite web | url=https://docs.actian.com/ingres/10S/index.html#page/RelSum%2FCommon_Table_Expressions.htm | title=Ingres }}

| {{yes}}{{cite web | url=https://docs.actian.com/ingres/10.2/index.html#page/RelSum%2FWindow_Functions.htm | title=Ingres }}

| {{yes}}{{cite web | url=https://docs.actian.com/ingres/10s/index.html#page/DatabaseAdmin/Parallel_Query_Execution.htm | title=Ingres }}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | InterBase

| {{Yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{Yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{Yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Linter SQL RDBMS

| {{Yes}}

| {{No}}

style="text-align:left" | LucidDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | MariaDB

| {{yes}}

| {{yes|10.3+}}{{Cite web |url=https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/intersect/ |title=INTERSECT |website=mariadb.com}}

| {{yes|10.3+}}{{Cite web |url=https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/except/ |title=EXCEPT |website=mariadb.com}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}{{cite web

| url = https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/MDEV-8308

| title = CTE implemented in 10.2.2

| publisher = mariadb.org

| access-date = 26 July 2017

}}

| {{yes}}{{cite web

| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/window-functions-overview/

| title = Window Functions Overview

| publisher = mariadb.com

| access-date = 25 April 2016

}}

| {{no}}{{Citation

| publisher = Oracle

| series = MySQL

| chapter-url = http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=1542

| title = Bugs

| chapter = Feature request #1542: Parallel query

}}

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | MaxDB

| {{Yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{Yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{Yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Access (JET)

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Visual Foxpro

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}{{Citation

| url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/ms189798%28v=sql.105%29

| publisher = Microsoft

| title = Only very limited functions available before SQL Server 2012

}}

| {{yes}}{{Citation

| chapter-url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178065.aspx

| publisher = Microsoft

| series = MSDN

| title = Library

| chapter = SQL Server Parallel Query Processing

| date = 4 October 2012

}}

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Mimer SQL

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | MonetDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | MySQL

| {{yes}}

| {{yes|8+}}{{Cite web |url=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/intersect.html |title=INTERSECT |website=mysql.com}}

| {{yes|8+}}{{Cite web |url=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/except.html |title=EXCEPT |website=mysql.com}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes|8+}}{{Citation

| publisher = Oracle

| series = MySQL

| chapter-url = http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=16244

| title = Bugs

| chapter = Feature request #16244: SQL-99 Derived table WITH clause (CTE)

}}

| {{yes|8+}}{{Citation

| url = https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/window-functions.html

| title = Window Functions

| publisher = mysql.com

| access-date = 20 July 2021

}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | OpenLink Virtuoso

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Oracle

| {{yes}}

| {{yes|Yes, via MINUS}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} ¹

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}{{Citation

| publisher = Ora FAQ

| series = Wiki

| url = http://www.orafaq.com/wiki/Parallel_Query_FAQ

| title = Parallel Query

}}

| {{yes}}{{Cite web|title=New Features Oracle 12.1.0.1|url=https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/sqlrf/Changes-in-This-Release-for-Oracle-Database-SQL-Language-Reference.html#GUID-10675CB5-32F6-4E2B-8D01-A9C6B9649839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025063656/https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/sqlrf/Changes-in-This-Release-for-Oracle-Database-SQL-Language-Reference.html |archive-date=2020-10-25 }}

style="text-align:left" | Oracle Rdb

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Actian Zen (PSQL)

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Polyhedra DBMS

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | PostgreSQL

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}{{Citation

| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/parallel-query.html

| publisher = PostgreSQL

| title = Parallel Query

| date = 11 August 2022

}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | SAP HANA

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | solidDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | SQL Anywhere

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | SQLite

| {{yes}}

| {{yes|3.43.0+}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.sqlite.org/releaselog/3_43_0.html|title=SQLite Release 3.43.0 On 2023-08-24|website=sqlite.org}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes|3.8.3+}}{{Cite web|url=https://sqlite.org/lang_with.html|title=The WITH Clause|website=sqlite.org}}

| {{yes|3.25+}}{{Cite web|url=https://sqlite.org/windowfunctions.html|title=Window Functions|website=sqlite.org}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | SQream DB

| {{Depends|ALL only}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Teradata

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | UniVerse

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

|

! Union

! Intersect

! Except

! Inner joins

! Outer joins

! Inner selects

! Merge joins

! Blobs and clobs

! Common table expressions

! Windowing functions

! Parallel query

! System-versioned tables

Note (1): Recursive CTEs introduced in 11gR2 supersedes similar construct called CONNECT BY.

Data types

style="width:16em" \| ! Type system ! Integer ! Floating point ! Decimal ! String ! Binary ! Date/Time ! Boolean ! Other
style="text-align: center; width: 95%; font-size: 80%;" class="wikitable sortable"
style="text-align:left" \| 4th Dimension \| Static \| {{mono\|UUID}} (16-bit), {{mono\|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono\|INT}} (32-bit), {{mono\|BIGINT}} (64-bit), {{mono\|NUMERIC}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|REAL}}, {{mono\|FLOAT}} \| {{mono\|REAL}}, {{mono\|FLOAT}} \| {{mono\|CLOB}}, {{mono\|TEXT}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}} \| {{mono\|BIT}}, {{mono\|BIT}} {{mono\|VARYING}}, {{mono\|BLOB}} \| {{mono\|DURATION}}, {{mono\|INTERVAL}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}} \| {{mono\|BOOLEAN}} \| {{mono\|PICTURE}}
style="text-align:left" \| Altibase{{Citation \| publisher = Altibase \| series = HDB \| chapter-url = http://atc.altibase.com/sub09/611b/html/GeneralReference/ch01s01s01.html \| title = General Reference \| chapter = Data Types }} \| Static \| {{mono\|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono\|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono\|BIGINT}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|REAL}} (32-bit), {{mono\|DOUBLE}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}}, {{mono\|NUMERIC}}, {{mono\|NUMBER}}, {{mono\|FLOAT}} \| {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|NCHAR}}, {{mono\|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono\|CLOB}} \| {{mono\|BLOB}}, {{mono\|BYTE}}, {{mono\|NIBBLE}}, {{mono\|BIT}}, {{mono\|VARBIT}} \| {{mono\|DATE}} \| \| {{mono\|GEOMETRY}}
style="text-align:left" \| ClustrixDB \| Static \| {{mono\|TINYINT}} (8-bit), {{mono\|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono\|MEDIUMINT}} (24-bit), {{mono\|INT}} (32-bit), {{mono\|BIGINT}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|FLOAT}} (32-bit), {{mono\|DOUBLE}} \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}} \| {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|BINARY}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|VARBINARY}}, {{mono\|TEXT}}, {{mono\|TINYTEXT}}, {{mono\|MEDIUMTEXT}}, {{mono\|LONGTEXT}} \| {{mono\|TINYBLOB}}, {{mono\|BLOB}}, {{mono\|MEDIUMBLOB}}, {{mono\|LONGBLOB}} \| {{mono\|DATETIME}}, {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono\|YEAR}} \| {{mono\|BIT(1)}}, {{mono\|BOOLEAN}} \| {{mono\|ENUM}}, {{mono\|SET}},
style="text-align:left" \| CUBRID{{Citation \|publisher = CUBRID \|series = Reference Manual \|chapter-url = http://www.cubrid.org/manual/syntax/syntax_datatype_num_def.htm \|title = CUBRID SQL Guide \|chapter = Data Types }}{{Dead link\|date=April 2023 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }} \| Static \| {{mono\|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono\|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono\|BIGINT}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|FLOAT}}, {{mono\|REAL}}(32-bit), {{mono\|DOUBLE}}(64-bit) \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}}, {{mono\|NUMERIC}} \| {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|NCHAR}}, {{mono\|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono\|CLOB}} \| {{mono\|BLOB}} \| {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|DATETIME}}, {{mono\|TIME}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}} \| {{mono\|BIT}} \| {{mono\|MONETARY}}, {{mono\|BIT}} {{mono\|VARYING}}, {{mono\|SET}}, {{mono\|MULTISET}}, {{mono\|SEQUENCE}}, {{mono\|ENUM}}
style="text-align:left" \| IBM Db2 \| {{dunno}} \| {{mono\|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono\|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono\|BIGINT}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|DECFLOAT}}, {{mono\|REAL}}, {{mono\|DOUBLE}} \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}} \| {{mono\|CLOB}}, {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}} \| {{mono\|BINARY}}, {{mono\|VARBINARY}}, {{mono\|BLOB}} \| {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|TIME}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}} {{mono\|WITH}} {{mono\|TIME}} {{mono\|ZONE}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}} {{mono\|WITHOUT}} {{mono\|TIME}} {{mono\|ZONE}} \| {{mono\|BOOLEAN}} \| {{mono\|XML}}, {{mono\|GRAPHIC}}, {{mono\|VARGRAPHIC}}, {{mono\|DBCLOB}}, {{mono\|ROWID}}
style="text-align:left" \| Empress Embedded Database \| Static \| {{mono\|TINYINT}}, {{mono\|SQL_TINYINT}}, or {{mono\|INTEGER8}}; {{mono\|SMALLINT}}, {{mono\|SQL_SMALLINT}}, or {{mono\|INTEGER16}}; {{mono\|INTEGER}}, {{mono\|INT}}, {{mono\|SQL_INTEGER}}, or {{mono\|INTEGER32}}; {{mono\|BIGINT}}, {{mono\|SQL_BIGINT}}, or {{mono\|INTEGER64}} \| {{mono\|REAL}}, {{mono\|SQL_REAL}}, or {{mono\|FLOAT32}}; {{mono\|DOUBLE}} {{mono\|PRECISION}}, {{mono\|SQL_DOUBLE}}, or {{mono\|FLOAT64}}; {{mono\|FLOAT}}, or {{mono\|SQL_FLOAT}}; {{mono\|EFLOAT}} \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}}, {{mono\|DEC}}, {{mono\|NUMERIC}}, {{mono\|SQL_DECIMAL}}, or {{mono\|SQL_NUMERIC}}; {{mono\|DOLLAR}} \| {{mono\|CHARACTER}}, {{mono\|ECHARACTER}}, {{mono\|CHARACTER}} {{mono\|VARYING}}, {{mono\|NATIONAL}} {{mono\|CHARACTER}}, {{mono\|NATIONAL}} {{mono\|CHARACTER}} {{mono\|VARYING}}, {{mono\|NLSCHARACTER}}, {{mono\|CHARACTER}} {{mono\|LARGE}} {{mono\|OBJECT}}, {{mono\|TEXT}}, {{mono\|NATIONAL}} {{mono\|CHARACTER}} {{mono\|LARGE}} {{mono\|OBJECT}}, {{mono\|NLSTEXT}} \| {{mono\|BINARY}} {{mono\|LARGE}} {{mono\|OBJECT}} or {{mono\|BLOB}}; {{mono\|BULK}} \| {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|EDATE}}, {{mono\|TIME}}, {{mono\|ETIME}}, {{mono\|EPOCH_TIME}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono\|MICROTIMESTAMP}} \| {{mono\|BOOLEAN}} \| {{mono\|SEQUENCE}} 32, {{mono\|SEQUENCE}}
style="text-align:left" \| EXASolution \| Static \| {{mono\|TINYINT}}, {{mono\|SMALLINT}}, {{mono\|INTEGER}}, {{mono\|BIGINT}}, \| {{mono\|REAL}}, {{mono\|FLOAT}}, {{mono\|DOUBLE}} \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}}, {{mono\|DEC}}, {{mono\|NUMERIC}}, {{mono\|NUMBER}} \| {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|NCHAR}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR2}}, {{mono\|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono\|NVARCHAR2}}, {{mono\|CLOB}}, {{mono\|NCLOB}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono\|INTERVAL}} \| {{mono\|BOOLEAN}}, {{mono\|BOOL}} \| {{mono\|GEOMETRY}}
style="text-align:left" \| FileMaker{{cite web \| title = FileMaker 14 Tech Specs \| url = http://help.filemaker.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/14164/kw/calculation%20timestamp \| publisher = FileMaker=May 12, 2015 }} \| Static \| {{N/A\|Not Supported}} \| {{N/A\|Not Supported}} \| {{mono\|NUMBER}} \| {{mono\|TEXT}} \| {{mono\|CONTAINER}} \| {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}} \| {{N/A\|Not Supported}} \|
style="text-align:left" \| Firebird{{cite web \| title = Migration from MS-SQL to Firebird \| url = http://www.firebirdsql.org/manual/migration-mssql-data-types.html \| publisher = Firebird Project \| access-date = April 12, 2015 }} \| {{dunno}} \| {{mono\|INT128}}, {{mono\|INT64}}, {{mono\|INTEGER}}, {{mono\|SMALLINT}} \| {{mono\|DOUBLE}}, {{mono\|FLOAT}} \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}}, {{mono\|NUMERIC}}, {{mono\|DECIMAL}}(38, 4), {{mono\|DECIMAL}}(10, 4) \| {{mono\|BLOB}}, {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|CHAR(x)}} {{mono\|CHARACTER}} {{mono\|SET}} {{mono\|UNICODE_FSS}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR(x)}} {{mono\|CHARACTER}} {{mono\|SET}} {{mono\|UNICODE_FSS}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}} \| {{mono\|BLOB}} {{mono\|SUB_TYPE}} {{mono\|TEXT}}, {{mono\|BLOB}} \| {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|TIME}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}} (without time zone and with time zone) \| {{mono\|BOOLEAN}} \| {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE}}, {{mono\|CHAR}}(38), User defined types (Domains)
style="width:16em" \| ! Type system ! Integer ! Floating point ! Decimal ! String ! Binary ! Date/Time ! Boolean ! Other
style="text-align:left" \| HSQLDB{{Citation \| publisher = HSQLDB \| series = 2.0 Documents \| title = Guide \| chapter-url = http://hsqldb.org/doc/2.0/guide/sqlgeneral-chapt.html#sqlgeneral_types_ops-sect \| chapter = General: HSQLDB data types }} \| Static \| {{mono\|TINYINT}} (8-bit), {{mono\|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono\|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono\|BIGINT}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|DOUBLE}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}}, {{mono\|NUMERIC}} \| {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|LONGVARCHAR}}, {{mono\|CLOB}} \| {{mono\|BINARY}}, {{mono\|VARBINARY}}, {{mono\|LONGVARBINARY}}, {{mono\|BLOB}} \| {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|TIME}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono\|INTERVAL}} \| {{mono\|BOOLEAN}} \| {{mono\|OTHER}} (object), {{mono\|BIT}}, {{mono\|BIT}} {{mono\|VARYING}}, {{mono\|ARRAY}}
style="text-align:left" \| Informix Dynamic Server{{cite web \| publisher = IBM \| series = Publications \| url = http://www-05.ibm.com/e-business/linkweb/publications/servlet/pbi.wss?CTY=US&FNC=SRX&PBL=SC23-7750-04 \| title = IBM Informix Guide to SQL: Reference, v11.50 (SC23-7750-04) \| date = 20 August 2001 \| access-date = August 7, 2013 }} \| Static + {{mono\|UDT}} \| {{mono\|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono\|INT}} (32-bit), {{mono\|INT8}} (64-bit proprietary), {{mono\|BIGINT}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|SMALLFLOAT}} (32-bit), {{mono\|FLOAT}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}} (32 decimal digits float/fixed, range {{10^\|130}} to +{{10^\|125}}), {{mono\|MONEY}} \| {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|NCHAR}}, {{mono\|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono\|LVARCHAR}}, {{mono\|CLOB}}, {{mono\|TEXT}}, {{mono\|LONGLVARCHAR}} \| {{mono\|TEXT}}, {{mono\|BYTE}}, {{mono\|BLOB}}, {{mono\|CLOB}} \| {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|DATETIME}}, {{mono\|INTERVAL}} \| {{mono\|BOOLEAN}} \| {{mono\|SET}}, {{mono\|LIST}}, {{mono\|MULTISET}}, {{mono\|ROW}}, {{mono\|TIMESERIES}}, {{mono\|SPATIAL}}, {{mono\|GEODETIC}}, {{mono\|NODE}}, {{mono\|JSON}}, {{mono\|BSON}}, {{mono\|USER}} {{mono\|DEFINED}} {{mono\|TYPES}}
style="text-align:left" \| Ingres{{Citation \|publisher = Ingres \|series = Documents \|chapter-url = http://docs.ingres.com/Ingres/9.3/SQL%20Reference%20Guide/understandingsqldatatypes.htm#o3623 \|title = SQL 9.3 Reference Guide \|chapter = 3: Understanding SQL Data Types \|access-date = 2009-11-16 \|archive-date = 2011-07-13 \|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110713033627/http://docs.ingres.com/Ingres/9.3/SQL%20Reference%20Guide/understandingsqldatatypes.htm#o3623 \|url-status = dead }} \| Static \| {{mono\|TINYINT}} (8-bit), {{mono\|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono\|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono\|BIGINT}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|FLOAT4}} (32-bit), {{mono\|FLOAT}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}} \| C, {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|LONG}} {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|NCHAR}}, {{mono\|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono\|LONG}} {{mono\|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono\|TEXT}} \| {{mono\|BYTE}}, {{mono\|VARBYTE}}, {{mono\|LONG}} {{mono\|VARBYTE}} ({{mono\|BLOB}}) \| {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|ANSIDATE}}, {{mono\|INGRESDATE}}, {{mono\|TIME}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono\|INTERVAL}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{mono\|MONEY}}, {{mono\|OBJECT_KEY}}, {{mono\|TABLE_KEY}}, {{mono\|USER}}-{{mono\|DEFINED}} {{mono\|DATA}} {{mono\|TYPES}} (via {{mono\|OME}})
style="text-align:left" \| Linter SQL RDBMS \| Static + Dynamic (in stored procedures) \| {{mono\|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono\|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono\|BIGINT}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|REAL}}(32-bit), {{mono\|DOUBLE}}(64-bit) \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}}, {{mono\|NUMERIC}} \| {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|NCHAR}}, {{mono\|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono\|BLOB}} \| {{mono\|BYTE}}, {{mono\|VARBYTE}}, {{mono\|BLOB}} \| {{mono\|DATE}} \| {{mono\|BOOLEAN}} \| {{mono\|GEOMETRY}}, {{mono\|EXTFILE}}
style="text-align:left" \| MariaDB{{cite web \| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/data-types/ \| title = Data Types \| publisher = mariadb.com \| access-date = 25 April 2016 }} \| Static \| {{mono\|TINYINT}} (8-bit), {{mono\|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono\|MEDIUMINT}} (24-bit), {{mono\|INT}} (32-bit), {{mono\|BIGINT}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|FLOAT}} (32-bit), {{mono\|DOUBLE}} (aka {{mono\|REAL}}) (64-bit) \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}} \| {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|BINARY}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|VARBINARY}}, {{mono\|TEXT}}, {{mono\|TINYTEXT}}, {{mono\|MEDIUMTEXT}}, {{mono\|LONGTEXT}} \| {{mono\|TINYBLOB}}, {{mono\|BLOB}}, {{mono\|MEDIUMBLOB}}, {{mono\|LONGBLOB}} \| {{mono\|DATETIME}}, {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono\|YEAR}} \| {{mono\|BIT(1)}}, {{mono\|BOOLEAN}} (aka {{mono\|BOOL}}) = synonym for {{mono\|TINYINT}} \| {{mono\|ENUM}}, {{mono\|SET}}, {{mono\|GIS}} data types (Geometry, Point, Curve, LineString, Surface, Polygon, GeometryCollection, MultiPoint, MultiCurve, MultiLineString, MultiSurface, MultiPolygon)
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft SQL Server{{Citation \| publisher = Microsoft \| series = MSDN \| title = Library \| chapter-url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187752.aspx \| chapter = SQL Server Data Types \| date = 21 May 2024 }} \| Static \| {{mono\|TINYINT}}, {{mono\|SMALLINT}}, {{mono\|INT}}, {{mono\|BIGINT}} \| {{mono\|FLOAT}}, {{mono\|REAL}} \| {{mono\|NUMERIC}}, {{mono\|DECIMAL}}, {{mono\|SMALLMONEY}}, {{mono\|MONEY}} \| {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|TEXT}}, {{mono\|NCHAR}}, {{mono\|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono\|NTEXT}} \| {{mono\|BINARY}}, {{mono\|VARBINARY}}, {{mono\|IMAGE}}, {{mono\|FILESTREAM}}, {{mono\|FILETABLE}} \| {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|DATETIMEOFFSET}}, {{mono\|DATETIME2}}, {{mono\|SMALLDATETIME}}, {{mono\|DATETIME}}, {{mono\|TIME}} \| {{mono\|BIT}} \| {{mono\|CURSOR}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono\|HIERARCHYID}}, {{mono\|UNIQUEIDENTIFIER}}, {{mono\|SQL_VARIANT}}, {{mono\|XML}}, {{mono\|TABLE}}, Geometry, Geography, Custom .NET datatypes
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database){{Citation \| publisher = Microsoft \| series = MSDN \| title = Library \| chapter-url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms172424.aspx \| chapter = SQL Server Compact Data Types \| date = 24 March 2011 }} \| Static \| {{mono\|TINYINT}}, {{mono\|SMALLINT}}, {{mono\|INT}}, {{mono\|BIGINT}} \| {{mono\|FLOAT}}, {{mono\|REAL}} \| {{mono\|NUMERIC}}, {{mono\|DECIMAL}}, {{mono\|MONEY}} \| {{mono\|NCHAR}}, {{mono\|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono\|NTEXT}} \| {{mono\|BINARY}}, {{mono\|VARBINARY}}, {{mono\|IMAGE}} \| {{mono\|DATETIME}} \| {{mono\|BIT}} \| {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono\|ROWVERSION}}, {{mono\|UNIQUEIDENTIFIER}}, {{mono\|IDENTITY}}, {{mono\|ROWGUIDCOL}}
style="text-align:left" \| Mimer SQL \| Static \| {{mono\|SMALLINT}}, {{mono\|INT}}, {{mono\|BIGINT}}, {{mono\|INTEGER(n)}} \| {{mono\|FLOAT}}, {{mono\|REAL}}, {{mono\|DOUBLE}}, {{mono\|FLOAT(n)}} \| {{mono\|NUMERIC}}, {{mono\|DECIMAL}} \| {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|NCHAR}}, {{mono\|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono\|CLOB}}, {{mono\|NCLOB}} \| {{mono\|BINARY}}, {{mono\|VARBINARY}}, {{mono\|BLOB}} \| {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|TIME}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono\|INTERVAL}} \| {{mono\|BOOLEAN}} \| {{mono\|DOMAINS}}, {{mono\|USER-DEFINED TYPES}} (including the pre-defined spatial data types location, latitude, longitude and coordinate, and {{mono\|UUID}})
style="text-align:left" \| MonetDB \| Static, extensible \| {{mono\|TINYINT}}, {{mono\|SMALLINT}}, {{mono\|INT}}, {{mono\|INTEGER}}, {{mono\|BIGINT}}, {{mono\|HUGEINT}}, {{mono\|SERIAL}}, {{mono\|BIGSERIAL}} \| {{mono\|FLOAT}}, {{mono\|FLOAT(n)}}, {{mono\|REAL}}, {{mono\|DOUBLE}}, {{mono\|DOUBLE}} {{mono\|PRECISION}} \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}}, {{mono\|NUMERIC}} \| {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|CHAR(n)}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR(n)}}, {{mono\|CLOB}}, {{mono\|CLOB(n)}}, {{mono\|TEXT}}, {{mono\|STRING}} \| {{mono\|BLOB}}, {{mono\|BLOB(n)}} \| {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|TIME}}, {{mono\|TIME}} {{mono\|WITH}} {{mono\|TIME}} {{mono\|ZONE}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}} {{mono\|WITH}} {{mono\|TIME}} {{mono\|ZONE}}, {{mono\|INTERVAL}} {{mono\|MONTH}}, {{mono\|INTERVAL}} {{mono\|DAY}}, {{mono\|INTERVAL}} {{mono\|SECOND}} \| {{mono\|BOOLEAN}} \| {{mono\|JSON}}, {{mono\|JSON(n)}}, {{mono\|URL}}, {{mono\|URL(n)}}, {{mono\|INET}}, {{mono\|UUID}}, {{mono\|GIS}} data types ({{mono\|Geometry, Point, Curve, LineString, Surface, Polygon, GeometryCollection, MultiPoint, MultiCurve, MultiLineString, MultiSurface, MultiPolygon}}), User Defined Types
style="text-align:left" \| MySQL{{Citation \| publisher = Oracle \| series = MySQL 5.0 \| title = Reference manual \| chapter-url = http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/data-types.html \| chapter = 10. Data Types }} \| Static \| {{mono\|TINYINT}} (8-bit), {{mono\|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono\|MEDIUMINT}} (24-bit), {{mono\|INT}} (32-bit), {{mono\|BIGINT}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|FLOAT}} (32-bit), {{mono\|DOUBLE}} (aka {{mono\|REAL}}) (64-bit) \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}} \| {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|BINARY}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|VARBINARY}}, {{mono\|TEXT}}, {{mono\|TINYTEXT}}, {{mono\|MEDIUMTEXT}}, {{mono\|LONGTEXT}} \| {{mono\|TINYBLOB}}, {{mono\|BLOB}}, {{mono\|MEDIUMBLOB}}, {{mono\|LONGBLOB}} \| {{mono\|DATETIME}}, {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono\|YEAR}} \| {{mono\|BIT(1)}}, {{mono\|BOOLEAN}} (aka {{mono\|BOOL}}) = synonym for {{mono\|TINYINT}} \| {{mono\|ENUM}}, {{mono\|SET}}, {{mono\|GIS}} data types (Geometry, Point, Curve, LineString, Surface, Polygon, GeometryCollection, MultiPoint, MultiCurve, MultiLineString, MultiSurface, MultiPolygon)
style="text-align:left" \| OpenLink Virtuoso{{Citation \| publisher = OpenLink Software \| chapter-url = http://docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso/sqlrefDATATYPES.html \| title = SQL Reference \| chapter = Datatypes }} \| Static + Dynamic \| {{mono\|INT}}, {{mono\|INTEGER}}, {{mono\|SMALLINT}} \| {{mono\|REAL}}, {{mono\|DOUBLE}} {{mono\|PRECISION}}, {{mono\|FLOAT}}, {{mono\|FLOAT(n)}} \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}}, {{mono\|DECIMAL(n)}}, {{mono\|DECIMAL(m, n)}}, {{mono\|NUMERIC}}, {{mono\|NUMERIC(n)}}, {{mono\|NUMERIC(m, n)}} \| {{mono\|CHARACTER}}, {{mono\|CHAR(n)}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR(n)}}, {{mono\|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono\|NVARCHAR(n)}} \| {{mono\|BLOB}} \| {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono\|DATETIME}}, {{mono\|TIME}}, {{mono\|DATE}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{mono\|ANY}}, {{mono\|REFERENCE}} ({{mono\|IRI}}, {{mono\|URI}}), {{mono\|UDT}} (User Defined Type), {{mono\|GEOMETRY}} ({{mono\|BOX}}, {{mono\|BOX2D}}, {{mono\|BOX3D}}, {{mono\|BOXM}}, {{mono\|BOXZ}}, {{mono\|BOXZM}}, {{mono\|CIRCULARSTRING}}, {{mono\|COMPOUNDCURVE}}, {{mono\|CURVEPOLYGON}}, {{mono\|EMPTY}}, {{mono\|GEOMETRYCOLLECTION}}, {{mono\|GEOMETRYCOLLECTIONM}}, {{mono\|GEOMETRYCOLLECTIONZ}}, {{mono\|GEOMETRYCOLLECTIONZM}}, {{mono\|LINESTRING}}, {{mono\|LINESTRINGM}}, {{mono\|LINESTRINGZ}}, {{mono\|LINESTRINGZM}}, {{mono\|MULTICURVE}}, {{mono\|MULTILINESTRING}}, {{mono\|MULTILINESTRINGM}}, {{mono\|MULTILINESTRINGZ}}, {{mono\|MULTILINESTRINGZM}}, {{mono\|MULTIPOINT}}, {{mono\|MULTIPOINTM}}, {{mono\|MULTIPOINTZ}}, {{mono\|MULTIPOINTZM}}, {{mono\|MULTIPOLYGON}}, {{mono\|MULTIPOLYGONM}}, {{mono\|MULTIPOLYGONZ}}, {{mono\|MULTIPOLYGONZM}}, {{mono\|POINT}}, {{mono\|POINTM}}, {{mono\|POINTZ}}, {{mono\|POINTZM}}, {{mono\|POLYGON}}, {{mono\|POLYGONM}}, {{mono\|POLYGONZ}}, {{mono\|POLYGONZM}}, {{mono\|POLYLINE}}, {{mono\|POLYLINEZ}}, {{mono\|RING}}, {{mono\|RINGM}}, {{mono\|RINGZ}}, {{mono\|RINGZM}})
style="width:16em" \| ! Type system ! Integer ! Floating point ! Decimal ! String ! Binary ! Date/Time ! Boolean ! Other
style="text-align:left" \| Oracle{{Citation \|publisher = Oracle \|series = Server documents \|title = SQL 11.2 Reference \|chapter-url = http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e10592/sql_elements001.htm#i45441 \|chapter = Data Types \|access-date = 2009-09-21 \|archive-date = 2010-03-14 \|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100314015040/http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e10592/sql_elements001.htm#i45441 \|url-status = dead }} \| Static + Dynamic (through {{mono\|ANYDATA}}) \| {{mono\|NUMBER}} \| {{mono\|BINARY_FLOAT}}, {{mono\|BINARY_DOUBLE}} \| {{mono\|NUMBER}} \| {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR2}}, {{mono\|CLOB}}, {{mono\|NCLOB}}, {{mono\|NVARCHAR2}}, {{mono\|NCHAR}}, {{mono\|LONG}} (deprecated) \| {{mono\|BLOB}}, {{mono\|RAW}}, {{mono\|LONG}} {{mono\|RAW}} (deprecated), {{mono\|BFILE}} \| {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}} (with/without {{mono\|TIME}} {{mono\|ZONE}}), {{mono\|INTERVAL}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{mono\|SPATIAL}}, {{mono\|IMAGE}}, {{mono\|AUDIO}}, {{mono\|VIDEO}}, {{mono\|DICOM}}, XMLType, {{mono\|UDT}}, {{mono\|JSON}}
style="text-align:left" \| Actian Zen (PSQL){{Citation \| publisher = Pervasive \| series = Product documentation \| chapter-url = http://docs.pervasive.com/products/database/psqlv11/wwhelp/wwhimpl/js/html/wwhelp.htm#href=sqlref/SQLDtype.10.1.html#134765 \| title = Pervasive PSQL Supported Data Types \| chapter = Data Types }} \| Static \| {{mono\|BIGINT}}, {{mono\|INTEGER}}, {{mono\|SMALLINT}}, {{mono\|TINYINT}}, {{mono\|UBIGINT}}, {{mono\|UINTEGER}}, {{mono\|USMALLINT}}, {{mono\|UTINYINT}} \| {{mono\|BFLOAT4}}, {{mono\|BFLOAT8}}, {{mono\|DOUBLE}}, {{mono\|FLOAT}} \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}}, {{mono\|NUMERIC}}, {{mono\|NUMERICSA}}, {{mono\|NUMERICSLB}}, {{mono\|NUMERICSLS}}, {{mono\|NUMERICSTB}}, {{mono\|NUMERICSTS}} \| {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|LONGVARCHAR}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}} \| {{mono\|BINARY}}, {{mono\|LONGVARBINARY}}, {{mono\|VARBINARY}} \| {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|DATETIME}}, {{mono\|TIME}} \| {{mono\|BIT}} \| {{mono\|CURRENCY}}, {{mono\|IDENTITY}}, {{mono\|SMALLIDENTITY}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono\|UNIQUEIDENTIFIER}}
style="text-align:left" \| Polyhedra {{Citation \| publisher = Enea AB \| series = Product documentation \| url = http://developer.polyhedra.com/manuals/rtrdb-reference-manual/sql-reference-manual \| title = Polyhedra SQL Reference Manual \| access-date = 2013-04-23 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131004225034/http://developer.polyhedra.com/manuals/rtrdb-reference-manual/sql-reference-manual \| archive-date = 2013-10-04 \| url-status = dead }} \| Static \| {{mono\|INTEGER8}} (8-bit), {{mono\|INTEGER}}(16-bit), {{mono\|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono\|INTEGER64}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|FLOAT32}} (32-bit), {{mono\|FLOAT}} (aka {{mono\|REAL}}; 64-bit) \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|LARGE}} {{mono\|VARCHAR}} (aka {{mono\|CHARACTER}} {{mono\|LARGE}} {{mono\|OBJECT}}) \| {{mono\|LARGE}} {{mono\|BINARY}} (aka {{mono\|BINARY}} {{mono\|LARGE}} {{mono\|OBJECT}}) \| {{mono\|DATETIME}} \| {{mono\|BOOLEAN}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}}
style="text-align:left" \| PostgreSQL{{Citation \| publisher = PostgreSQL community \| series = PostgreSQL 10 Documentation \| chapter-url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/static/datatype.html \| title = Manual \| chapter = Data Types \| date = 11 August 2022 }} \| Static \| {{mono\|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono\|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono\|BIGINT}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|REAL}} (32-bit), {{mono\|DOUBLE}} {{mono\|PRECISION}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}}, {{mono\|NUMERIC}} \| {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|TEXT}} \| {{mono\|BYTEA}} \| {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|TIME}} (with/without {{mono\|TIME}} {{mono\|ZONE}}), {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}} (with/without {{mono\|TIME}} {{mono\|ZONE}}), {{mono\|INTERVAL}} \| {{mono\|BOOLEAN}} \| {{mono\|ENUM}}, {{mono\|POINT}}, {{mono\|LINE}}, {{mono\|LSEG}}, {{mono\|BOX}}, {{mono\|PATH}}, {{mono\|POLYGON}}, {{mono\|CIRCLE}}, {{mono\|CIDR}}, {{mono\|INET}}, {{mono\|MACADDR}}, {{mono\|BIT}}, {{mono\|UUID}}, {{mono\|XML}}, {{mono\|JSON}}, {{mono\|JSONB}}, arrays, composites, ranges, custom
style="text-align:left" \| SAP HANA \| Static \| {{mono\|TINYINT}}, {{mono\|SMALLINT}}, {{mono\|INTEGER}}, {{mono\|BIGINT}} \| {{mono\|SMALLDECIMAL}}, {{mono\|REAL}}, {{mono\|DOUBLE}}, {{mono\|FLOAT}}, {{mono\|FLOAT(n)}} \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}} \| {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono\|ALPHANUM}}, {{mono\|SHORTTEXT}} \| {{mono\|VARBINARY}}, {{mono\|BINTEXT}}, {{mono\|BLOB}} \| {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|TIME}}, {{mono\|SECONDDATE}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}} \| {{mono\|BOOLEAN}} \| {{mono\|CLOB}}, {{mono\|NCLOB}}, {{mono\|TEXT}}, {{mono\|ARRAY}}, {{mono\|ST_GEOMETRY}}, {{mono\|ST_POINT}}, {{mono\|ST_MULTIPOINT}}, {{mono\|ST_LINESTRING}}, {{mono\|ST_MULTILINESTRING}}, {{mono\|ST_POLYGON}}, {{mono\|ST_MULTIPOLYGON}}, {{mono\|ST_GEOMETRYCOLLECTION}}, {{mono\|ST_CIRCULARSTRING}}
style="text-align:left" \| solidDB \| Static \| {{mono\|TINYINT}} (8-bit), {{mono\|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono\|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono\|BIGINT}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|REAL}} (32-bit), {{mono\|DOUBLE}} (64-bit), {{mono\|FLOAT}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}}, {{mono\|NUMERIC}} (51 digits) \| {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|LONG}} {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|WCHAR}}, {{mono\|WVARCHAR}}, {{mono\|LONG}} {{mono\|WVARCHAR}} \| {{mono\|BINARY}}, {{mono\|VARBINARY}}, {{mono\|LONG}} {{mono\|VARBINARY}} \| {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|TIME}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}} \| \|
style="text-align:left" \| SQLite{{Citation \| url = http://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html \| publisher = SQLite 3 \| title = Datatypes }} \| Dynamic \| {{mono\|INTEGER}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|REAL}} (aka {{mono\|FLOAT}}, {{mono\|DOUBLE}}) (64-bit) \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{mono\|TEXT}} (aka {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|CLOB}}) \| {{mono\|BLOB}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}}
style="text-align:left" \| SQream DB{{Citation \| url = http://www.sqream.com/docs/latest/manual/#_data_types \| publisher = SQream Technologies \| title = SQream SQL Reference Guide }} \| Static \| {{mono\|TINYINT}} (8-bit), {{mono\|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono\|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono\|BIGINT}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|REAL}} (32-bit), {{mono\|DOUBLE}} (aka {{mono\|FLOAT}}) (64-bit) \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|NVARCHAR}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|DATETIME}} (aka {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}}) \| {{mono\|BOOL}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}}
style="width:16em" \| ! Type system ! Integer ! Floating point ! Decimal ! String ! Binary ! Date/Time ! Boolean ! Other
style="text-align:left" \| Teradata \| Static \| {{mono\|BYTEINT}} (8-bit), {{mono\|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono\|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono\|BIGINT}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|FLOAT}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}}, {{mono\|NUMERIC}} (38 digits) \| {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|CLOB}} \| {{mono\|BYTE}}, {{mono\|VARBYTE}}, {{mono\|BLOB}} \| {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|TIME}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}} (w/wo {{mono\|TIME}} {{mono\|ZONE}}) \| \| {{mono\|PERIOD}}, {{mono\|INTERVAL}}, {{mono\|GEOMETRY}}, {{mono\|XML}}, {{mono\|JSON}}, {{mono\|UDT}} (User Defined Type)
style="text-align:left" \| UniData \| Dynamic \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}}
style="text-align:left" \| UniVerse \| Dynamic \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}} \| {{N/A\|N/A}}
\| ! Type system ! Integer ! Floating point ! Decimal ! String ! Binary ! Date/Time ! Boolean ! Other

Other objects

Information about what other objects are supported natively.

style="text-align: center; width: 95%" class="wikitable sortable"
style="width:16em" \| ! Data domain ! Cursor ! Trigger ! Function¹ ! Procedure¹ ! External routine¹
style="text-align:left" \| 4th Dimension \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| ADABAS \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}}? \| {{yes}}? \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Adaptive Server Enterprise \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Advantage Database Server \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Altibase \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Apache Derby \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}² \| {{yes}}² \| {{yes}}²
style="text-align:left" \| ClustrixDB \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| CUBRID \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}² \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Empress Embedded Database \| {{yes}} via RANGE CHECK \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| EXASolution \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| IBM Db2 \| {{yes}} via CHECK CONSTRAINT \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Firebird \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| HSQLDB \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| H2 \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}² \| {{yes}}² \| {{yes}}² \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Informix Dynamic Server \| {{yes}} via CHECK \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} ⁵
style="text-align:left" \| Ingres \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| InterBase \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Linter SQL RDBMS \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| LucidDB \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}² \| {{yes}}² \| {{yes}}²
style="text-align:left" \| MariaDB \| {{yes}}{{Cite web \|url=https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/constraint/#check-constraints \|title=Constraint \|website=mariadb.com}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| MaxDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft Access (JET) \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{Depends\|Yes, But single DML/DDL Operation}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft Visual Foxpro \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft SQL Server \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Mimer SQL \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| MonetDB \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| MySQL \| {{no}} ³ \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Oracle \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Oracle Rdb \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| OpenLink Virtuoso \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Actian Zen (PSQL) \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| Polyhedra DBMS \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| PostgreSQL \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| SAP HANA \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| solidDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| SQL Anywhere \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| SQLite \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Teradata \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| UniData \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| UniVerse \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
\| ! Data domain ! Cursor ! Trigger ! Function¹ ! Procedure¹ ! External routine¹

style="text-align: center; width: 95%" class="wikitable sortable"

style="width:16em" |

! Data domain

! Cursor

! Trigger

! Function¹

! Procedure¹

! External routine¹

style="text-align:left" | 4th Dimension

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | ADABAS

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}?

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Adaptive Server Enterprise

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Advantage Database Server

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Altibase

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Apache Derby

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}²

style="text-align:left" | ClustrixDB

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | CUBRID

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}²

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Empress Embedded Database

| {{yes}} via RANGE CHECK

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | EXASolution

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | IBM Db2

| {{yes}} via CHECK CONSTRAINT

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Firebird

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | HSQLDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | H2

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}²

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Informix Dynamic Server

| {{yes}} via CHECK

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} ⁵

style="text-align:left" | Ingres

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | InterBase

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Linter SQL RDBMS

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | LucidDB

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}²

style="text-align:left" | MariaDB

| {{yes}}{{Cite web |url=https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/constraint/#check-constraints |title=Constraint |website=mariadb.com}}

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | MaxDB

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Access (JET)

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{Depends|Yes, But single DML/DDL Operation}}

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Visual Foxpro

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Mimer SQL

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | MonetDB

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | MySQL

| {{no}} ³

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Oracle

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Oracle Rdb

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | OpenLink Virtuoso

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Actian Zen (PSQL)

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | Polyhedra DBMS

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | PostgreSQL

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | SAP HANA

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | solidDB

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | SQL Anywhere

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | SQLite

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Teradata

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | UniData

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | UniVerse

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

|

! Data domain

! Cursor

! Trigger

! Function¹

! Procedure¹

! External routine¹

Note (1): Both function and procedure refer to internal routines written in SQL and/or procedural language like PL/SQL. External routine refers to the one written in the host languages, such as C, Java, Cobol, etc. "Stored procedure" is a commonly used term for these routine types. However, its definition varies between different database vendors.
Note (2): In Derby, H2, LucidDB, and CUBRID, users code functions and procedures in Java.
Note (3): ENUM datatype exists. CHECK clause is parsed, but not enforced in runtime.
Note (5): Informix supports external functions written in Java, C, & C++.

Partitioning

Information about what partitioning methods are supported natively.

style="text-align: center; width: 95%" class="wikitable sortable"
style="width:16em" \| ! Range ! Hash ! Composite (Range+Hash) ! List ! Expression ! Round Robin
style="text-align:left" \| 4th Dimension \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| ADABAS \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Adaptive Server Enterprise \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Advantage Database Server \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Altibase \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Apache Derby \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| ClustrixDB \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| CUBRID \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| IBM Db2 \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Empress Embedded Database \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| EXASolution \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Firebird \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| HSQLDB \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| H2 \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Informix Dynamic Server \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Ingres \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| InterBase \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Linter SQL RDBMS \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| MariaDB \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| MaxDB \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft Access (JET) \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft Visual Foxpro \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft SQL Server \| {{yes}} \| {{partial\|via computed column}} \| {{partial\|via computed column}} \| {{yes}} \| {{partial\|via computed column}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Mimer SQL \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| MonetDB \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| MySQL \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Oracle \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes\|via Virtual Columns}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Oracle Rdb \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| OpenLink Virtuoso \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Actian Zen (PSQL) \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Polyhedra DBMS \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| PostgreSQL \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| SAP HANA \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| solidDB \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| SQL Anywhere \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| SQLite \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Teradata \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| UniVerse \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
\| ! Range ! Hash ! Composite (Range+Hash) ! List ! Expression ! Round Robin

style="text-align: center; width: 95%" class="wikitable sortable"

style="width:16em" |

! Range

! Hash

! Composite (Range+Hash)

! List

! Expression

! Round Robin

style="text-align:left" | 4th Dimension

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | ADABAS

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Adaptive Server Enterprise

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Advantage Database Server

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Altibase

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Apache Derby

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | ClustrixDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | CUBRID

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | IBM Db2

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Empress Embedded Database

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | EXASolution

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Firebird

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | HSQLDB

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | H2

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Informix Dynamic Server

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Ingres

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | InterBase

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Linter SQL RDBMS

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | MariaDB

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | MaxDB

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Access (JET)

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Visual Foxpro

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server

| {{yes}}

| {{partial|via computed column}}

| {{yes}}

| {{partial|via computed column}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Mimer SQL

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | MonetDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | MySQL

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Oracle

| {{yes}}

| {{yes|via Virtual Columns}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Oracle Rdb

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | OpenLink Virtuoso

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Actian Zen (PSQL)

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Polyhedra DBMS

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | PostgreSQL

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | SAP HANA

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | solidDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | SQL Anywhere

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | SQLite

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Teradata

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | UniVerse

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

|

! Range

! Hash

! Composite (Range+Hash)

! List

! Expression

! Round Robin

Access control

Information about access control functionalities.

style="text-align: center; font-size: 80%" class="wikitable sortable sort-under"
! Native network encryption¹ ! Brute-force protection ! Enterprise directory compatibility ! Password complexity rules² ! Patch access³ ! Run unprivileged⁴ ! Audit ! {{verth\|va=middle\|Resource limit}} ! {{verth\|va=middle\|Separation of duties (RBAC)⁵}} ! {{verth\|va=middle\|Security Certification}} ! {{verth\|va=middle\|Attribute-based access control (ABAC)}}
style="text-align:left" \| 4D \| {{yes}} (with SSL) \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Adaptive Server Enterprise \| {{yes}} (optional; to pay) \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (optional ?) \| {{yes}} \| {{partial}} (need to register; depend on which product){{Citation \| publisher = Sybase \| series = Downloads \| title = Support \| url = http://downloads.sybase.com/swd/base.do?client=support \| access-date = 2008-09-07 }}{{dead link\|date=October 2019\|bot=medic}}{{cbignore\|bot=medic}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (EAL4+ ¹) \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Advantage Database Server \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| CUBRID \| {{yes}} (with SSL) \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| IBM Db2 \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} (LDAP, Kerberos...) \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (EAL4+⁶) \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Empress Embedded Database \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| EXASolution \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (LDAP) \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Firebird \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}{{Citation \| chapter-url = http://www.firebirdsql.org/index.php?op=devel&sub=engine&id=fb20_release \| publisher = Firebird SQL 2.0 \| series = Development \| title = Engine \| chapter = Release }} \| {{yes}} (Windows trusted authenification) \| {{yes}} (by custom plugin) \| {{yes}} (no security page){{Citation \| url = http://www.firebirdsql.org/index.php?op=files \| publisher = Firebird SQL \| title = Files }} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}{{cite web \| title = Trace and Audit Services \| url = http://www.firebirdsql.org/rlsnotesh/rlsnotes25.html#rnfb25-trace \| publisher = Firebird Project \| access-date = April 12, 2015 }} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}}⁷ \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| HSQLDB \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| H2 \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Informix Dynamic Server \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}}¹⁰ \| {{dunno}}¹⁰ \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| Linter SQL RDBMS \| {{yes}} (with SSL) \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (length only) \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| MariaDB \| {{yes}} (SSL) \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} (with 5.2, but not on Windows servers) \| {{yes}}{{cite web \| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/documentation/plugins/cracklib_password_check/ \| title = cracklib_password_check \| publisher = mariadb.com \| access-date = 9 December 2014 }}{{cite web \| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/documentation/plugins/simple_password_check/ \| title = simple_password_check \| publisher = mariadb.com \| access-date = 9 December 2014 }} \| {{yes}}{{cite web \| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/security/ \| title = Security Vulnerabilities Fixed in MariaDB \| publisher = mariadb.com \| access-date = 25 April 2016 }} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}⁸ \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft SQL Server \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} (Microsoft Active Directory) \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{Yes}} (From 2008) \| {{Yes}} \| {{Yes}} \| {{yes}} (EAL4+¹¹) \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) \| {{no}} (not relevant, only file permissions) \| {{no}} (not relevant) \| {{no}} (not relevant) \| {{no}} (not relevant) \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (file access) \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Mimer SQL \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (depending on OS) \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}}
style="text-align:left" \| MySQL \| {{yes}} (SSL with 4.0) \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} (with 5.5, but only in commercial edition) \| {{no}} \| {{partial}} (no security page){{Citation \| publisher = Oracle \| series = MySQL \| title = Development \| chapter = Downloads \| chapter-url = http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/ }} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}⁸ \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| OpenLink Virtuoso \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (optional) \| {{yes}} (optional) \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (optional) \| {{yes}} (optional) \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} (optional)
style="text-align:left" \| Oracle \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (EAL2¹) \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Actian Zen (PSQL) \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} ¹² \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Polyhedra DBMS \| {{yes}} (with SSL. Optional) \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} ¹³ \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} ¹³ \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| PostgreSQL \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (LDAP, Kerberos...⁹) \| {{yes}} (with passwordcheck module) \| {{yes}}{{Citation \| url = https://www.postgresql.org/support/security.html \| publisher = PostgreSQL community \| series = Support \| title = Security \| access-date = 2018-03-05 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111101131843/http://www.postgresql.org/support/security.html \| archive-date = 2011-11-01 \| url-status = dead }} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (with pgaudit extension){{Citation \| url = https://github.com/pgaudit/pgaudit/blob/master/README.md \| title = Open Source PostgreSQL Audit Logging \| date = September 2022 }} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (EAL2+¹) \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| SAP HANA \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| solidDB \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}}
style="text-align:left" \| SQL Anywhere \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} (Kerberos) \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} (EAL2+¹ as Adaptive Server Anywhere) \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| SQLite \| {{no}} (not relevant, only file permissions) \| {{no}} (not relevant) \| {{no}} (not relevant) \| {{no}} (not relevant) \| {{partial}} (no security page){{Citation \| url = http://www.sqlite.org/download.html \| publisher = SQLite \| title = Download }} \| {{yes}} (file access) \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} \| {{dunno}}
style="text-align:left" \| Teradata \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} (LDAP, Kerberos...) \| {{yes}} \| {{dunno}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}
! Native network encryption¹ ! Brute-force protection ! Enterprise directory compatibility ! Password complexity rules² ! Patch access³ ! Run unprivileged⁴ ! Audit ! {{verth\|va=middle\|Resource limit}} ! {{verth\|va=middle\|Separation of duties (RBAC)⁵}} ! {{verth\|va=middle\|Security Certification}} ! {{verth\|va=middle\|Attribute-based access control (ABAC)}}

style="text-align: center; font-size: 80%" class="wikitable sortable sort-under"

! Native network encryption¹

! Brute-force protection

! Enterprise directory compatibility

! Password complexity rules²

! Patch access³

! Run unprivileged⁴

! Audit

! {{verth|va=middle|Resource limit}}

! {{verth|va=middle|Separation of duties
(RBAC)⁵}}

! {{verth|va=middle|Security Certification}}

! {{verth|va=middle|Attribute-based access control
(ABAC)}}

style="text-align:left" | 4D

| {{yes}} (with SSL)

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Adaptive Server Enterprise

| {{yes}} (optional; to pay)

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (optional ?)

| {{yes}}

| {{partial}} (need to register; depend on which product){{Citation

| publisher = Sybase

| series = Downloads

| title = Support

| url = http://downloads.sybase.com/swd/base.do?client=support

| access-date = 2008-09-07

}}{{dead link|date=October 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (EAL4+ ¹)

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Advantage Database Server

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | CUBRID

| {{yes}} (with SSL)

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | IBM Db2

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}} (LDAP, Kerberos...)

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (EAL4+⁶)

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Empress Embedded Database

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | EXASolution

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (LDAP)

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Firebird

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}{{Citation

| chapter-url = http://www.firebirdsql.org/index.php?op=devel&sub=engine&id=fb20_release

| publisher = Firebird SQL 2.0

| series = Development

| title = Engine

| chapter = Release

}}

| {{yes}} (Windows trusted authenification)

| {{yes}} (by custom plugin)

| {{yes}} (no security page){{Citation

| url = http://www.firebirdsql.org/index.php?op=files

| publisher = Firebird SQL

| title = Files

}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}}{{cite web

| title = Trace and Audit Services

| url = http://www.firebirdsql.org/rlsnotesh/rlsnotes25.html#rnfb25-trace

| publisher = Firebird Project

| access-date = April 12, 2015

}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}⁷

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | HSQLDB

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | H2

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Informix Dynamic Server

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}¹⁰

| {{dunno}}¹⁰

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | Linter SQL RDBMS

| {{yes}} (with SSL)

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (length only)

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | MariaDB

| {{yes}} (SSL)

| {{no}}

| {{yes}} (with 5.2, but not on Windows servers)

| {{yes}}{{cite web

| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/documentation/plugins/cracklib_password_check/

| title = cracklib_password_check

| publisher = mariadb.com

| access-date = 9 December 2014

}}{{cite web

| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/documentation/plugins/simple_password_check/

| title = simple_password_check

| publisher = mariadb.com

| access-date = 9 December 2014

}}

| {{yes}}{{cite web

| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/security/

| title = Security Vulnerabilities Fixed in MariaDB

| publisher = mariadb.com

| access-date = 25 April 2016

}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{dunno}}⁸

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}} (Microsoft Active Directory)

| {{yes}}

| {{Yes}} (From 2008)

| {{Yes}}

| {{yes}} (EAL4+¹¹)

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)

| {{no}} (not relevant, only file permissions)

| {{no}} (not relevant)

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (file access)

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Mimer SQL

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (depending on OS)

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

style="text-align:left" | MySQL

| {{yes}} (SSL with 4.0)

| {{no}}

| {{yes}} (with 5.5, but only in commercial edition)

| {{no}}

| {{partial}} (no security page){{Citation

| publisher = Oracle

| series = MySQL

| title = Development

| chapter = Downloads

| chapter-url = http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/

}}

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{dunno}}⁸

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | OpenLink Virtuoso

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (optional)

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (optional)

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}} (optional)

style="text-align:left" | Oracle

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (EAL2¹)

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Actian Zen (PSQL)

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} ¹²

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Polyhedra DBMS

| {{yes}} (with SSL. Optional)

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} ¹³

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} ¹³

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | PostgreSQL

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (LDAP, Kerberos...⁹)

| {{yes}} (with passwordcheck module)

| {{yes}}{{Citation

| url = https://www.postgresql.org/support/security.html

| publisher = PostgreSQL community

| series = Support

| title = Security

| access-date = 2018-03-05

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111101131843/http://www.postgresql.org/support/security.html

| archive-date = 2011-11-01

| url-status = dead

}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (with pgaudit extension){{Citation

| url = https://github.com/pgaudit/pgaudit/blob/master/README.md

| title = Open Source PostgreSQL Audit Logging

| date = September 2022

}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (EAL2+¹)

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | SAP HANA

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | solidDB

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

style="text-align:left" | SQL Anywhere

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}} (Kerberos)

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} (EAL2+¹ as Adaptive Server Anywhere)

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | SQLite

| {{no}} (not relevant, only file permissions)

| {{no}} (not relevant)

| {{partial}} (no security page){{Citation

| url = http://www.sqlite.org/download.html

| publisher = SQLite

| title = Download

}}

| {{yes}} (file access)

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{dunno}}

style="text-align:left" | Teradata

| {{yes}}

| {{no}}

| {{yes}} (LDAP, Kerberos...)

| {{yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{yes}}

! Native network encryption¹

! Brute-force protection

! Enterprise directory compatibility

! Password complexity rules²

! Patch access³

! Run unprivileged⁴

! Audit

! {{verth|va=middle|Resource limit}}

! {{verth|va=middle|Separation of duties
(RBAC)⁵}}

! {{verth|va=middle|Security Certification}}

! {{verth|va=middle|Attribute-based access control
(ABAC)}}

Note (1): Network traffic could be transmitted in a secure way (not clear-text, in general SSL encryption). Precise if option is default, included option or an extra modules to buy.
Note (2): Options are present to set a minimum size for password, respect complexity like presence of numbers or special characters.
Note (3): How do you get security updates? Is it free access, do you need a login or to pay? Is there easy access through a Web/FTP portal or RSS feed or only through offline access (mail CD-ROM, phone).
Note (4): Does database process run as root/administrator or unprivileged user? What is default configuration?
Note (5): Is there a separate user to manage special operation like backup (only dump/restore permissions), security officer (audit), administrator (add user/create database), etc.? Is it default or optional?
Note (6): Common Criteria certified product list.

{{Citation

| publisher = Common Criteria Portal

| url = https://www.commoncriteriaportal.org/products/#DB

| series = Products

| title = DB

| access-date = 2021-05-13

}}

Note (7): FirebirdSQL seems to only have SYSDBA user and DB owner. There are no separate roles for backup operator and security administrator.
Note (8): User can define a dedicated backup user but nothing particular in default install.

{{Citation

| url = http://gentoo-wiki.com/HOWTO_Backup_MySQL

| publisher = Gentoo wiki

| series = How to

| title = Backup MySQL

| access-date = 2008-09-07

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080902231142/http://gentoo-wiki.com/HOWTO_Backup_MySQL

| archive-date = 2008-09-02

| url-status = dead

}}

Note (9): Authentication methods.{{Citation

| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.4/interactive/auth-methods.html

| publisher = PostgreSQL community

| series = 8.1 Documents

| title = Authentication methods

| date = 24 July 2014

}}

Note (10): Informix Dynamic Server supports PAM and other configurable authentication. By default uses OS authentication.
Note (11): Authentication methods.{{Citation

| url = https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/sqlserver/common-criteria.aspx#tab6

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140213221406/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/sqlserver/common-criteria.aspx

| archive-date = 2014-02-13

| publisher = Microsoft

| title = Common Criteria (CC, ISO15408)

}}

Note (12): With the use of Pervasive AuditMaster.
Note (13): User-based security is optional in Polyhedra, but when enabled can be enhanced to a role-based model with auditing.{{Citation

| url = http://developer.polyhedra.com/how-to-guides/auditing

| publisher = Enea AB

| series = White paper

| title = Adding audit trails to a Polyhedra IMDB database

}}

Databases vs schemas (terminology)

The SQL specification defines what an "SQL schema" is; however, databases implement it differently. To compound this confusion the functionality can overlap with that of a parent database. An SQL schema is simply a namespace within a database; things within this namespace are addressed using the member operator dot "{{char|.}}". This seems to be a universal among all of the implementations.

A true fully (database, schema, and table) qualified query is exemplified as such: {{code|SELECT * FROM database.schema.table|sql}}

Both a schema and a database can be used to isolate one table, "foo", from another like-named table "foo". The following is pseudo code:

{{code|SELECT * FROM database1.foo|sql}} vs. {{code|SELECT * FROM database2.foo|sql}} (no explicit schema between database and table)
{{code|SELECT * FROM [database1.]default.foo|sql}} vs. {{code|SELECT * FROM [database1.]alternate.foo|sql}} (no explicit database prefix)

The problem that arises is that former MySQL users will create multiple databases for one project. In this context, MySQL databases are analogous in function to PostgreSQL-schemas, insomuch as PostgreSQL deliberately lacks off-the-shelf cross-database functionality (preferring multi-tenancy) that MySQL has. Conversely, PostgreSQL has applied more of the specification implementing cross-table, cross-schema, and then left room for future cross-database functionality.

MySQL aliases schema with database behind the scenes, such that {{code|CREATE SCHEMA}} and {{code|CREATE DATABASE}} are analogs. It can therefore be said that MySQL has implemented cross-database functionality, skipped schema functionality entirely, and provided similar functionality into their implementation of a database. In summary, PostgreSQL fully supports schemas and multi-tenancy by strictly separating databases from each other and thus lacks some functionality MySQL has with databases, while MySQL does not even attempt to support standard schemas.

Oracle has its own spin where creating a user is synonymous with creating a schema. Thus a database administrator can create a user called PROJECT and then create a table PROJECT.TABLE. Users can exist without schema objects, but an object is always associated with an owner (though that owner may not have privileges to connect to the database). With the 'shared-everything' Oracle RAC architecture, the same database can be opened by multiple servers concurrently. This is independent of replication, which can also be used, whereby the data is copied for use by different servers. In the Oracle implementation, a 'database' is a set of files which contains the data while the 'instance' is a set of processes (and memory) through which a database is accessed.

Informix supports multiple databases in a server instance like MySQL. It supports the {{code|CREATE SCHEMA}} syntax as a way to group DDL statements into a single unit creating all objects created as a part of the schema as a single owner. Informix supports a database mode called ANSI mode which supports creating objects with the same name but owned by different users.

PostgreSQL and some other databases have support for foreign schemas, which is the ability to import schemas from other servers as defined in ISO/IEC 9075-9 (published as part of SQL:2008). This appears like any other schema in the database according to the SQL specification while accessing data stored either in a different database or a different server instance. The import can be made either as an entire foreign schema or merely certain tables belonging to that foreign schema.{{Cite web

| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-importforeignschema.html

| title = PostgreSQL: Documentation: IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA

| website = www.postgresql.org

| access-date = 2016-06-11

}} While support for ISO/IEC 9075-9 bridges the gap between the two competing philosophies surrounding schemas, MySQL and Informix maintain an implicit association between databases while ISO/IEC 9075-9 requires that any such linkages be explicit in nature.

References

External links

[http://troels.arvin.dk/db/rdbms/ Comparison of different SQL implementations against SQL standards]. Includes Oracle, Db2, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL and PostgreSQL. (8 June 2007)
[https://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~shadow/sql/sql1992.txt The SQL92 standard]
[https://www.sql-workbench.eu/dbms_comparison.html DMBS comparison by SQL Workbench]

Relational databases

Category:Relational database management systems

Category:Database management systems

Comparison of relational database management systems#feat 5

General information

Operating system support

Fundamental features

Limits

Tables and views

Indexes

Database capabilities

Data types

Other objects

Partitioning

Access control

Databases vs schemas (terminology)

See also

References

External links