Corona Formation
{{Short description|Geologic formation in Austria and Italy}}
{{Infobox rockunit
| name = Corona Formation
| image = Monte Corona, Nomi. (BildID 15587370).jpg
| caption = Monte Corona, Austrian side
| type = Formation
| age = Early Gzhelian
~{{fossil range|303|302}}
| period = Gzhelian
| prilithology = Conglomerate
| otherlithology = Sandstone, mudstone
| namedfor = Monte Corona
| namedby =
| country = Austria
Italy
| coordinates = {{coord|46.5|N|13.3|E|display=inline,title}}
| paleocoordinates = {{coord|10.9|N|23.7|E|display=inline}}
| unitof = Pramollo Group
| subunits =
| underlies = Auernig Formation
| overlies = Pezzul Formation
| thickness = {{convert|300|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| extent = Carnian Alps
| area =
| map = {{Location map+ | Austria
| relief = 1
| width = 250
| float = center
| places =
{{Location map~ | Austria
| lat_deg = 46.5
| lon_deg = 13.3
| mark = Dark Green 004040 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
}}
}}
| map_caption =
}}
The Corona Formation is a geologic formation of the Carnian Alps at the border of Austria and Italy. It preserves fossils dated to the Gzhelian stage of the Late Carboniferous period.[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayStrata?geological_group=&formation=Corona&group_formation_member=Corona Corona Formation] at Fossilworks.org
The {{convert|300|m|ft|adj=on}} thick formation comprises deposited in a deltaic environment. The Corona Formation has provided fossils of fish, brachiopods, a bryozoan, an insect, fossil flora including trunks and ichnofossils ascribed to Limnopus. The tracks from the Corona Formation include the oldest record of tetrapod tracks from the Southern Alps. The rugose coral Amplexus coronae was named after the formation.
Description
The Corona Formation was defined as a formation by Venturini in 1990.Ronchi et al., 2012, p.305 It is the lowermost Gzhelian unit in the late Pennsylvanian Pramollo Group, overlying the Kasimovian Pizzul Formation and overlain by the Auernig Formation in the Carnian Alpine border region of Austria and Italy. The mountains Monte Auernig, Monte Carnizza and the eponymous Monte Corona are composed of the formation. The formation is a {{convert|300|m|ft|adj=on}} thick succession, characterized by alternating quartz conglomerates, sandstones and mudstones. The conglomerates are coarse infillings of distributary channels in a deltaic environment.Marchetti et al., 2020, p.35 The formation is characterized by cyclothems (parasequences) of {{convert|30|to|40|m|ft}} thick.Vai & Venturi, 1997, p.179
Fossil content
The Corona Formation has provided fossils of:
- Fish
- Petalodontiformes
- Petalodontidae
- Petalodus ohioensisDalla Vecchia, 1988, p.54
- Insects
- Palaeodictyoptera
- Dictyoneuridae
- Arltia carnicaBrauckmann & Hahn, 1983, p.246
- Rugose corals
- Zaphrentis omaliusiHubmann et al., 2003, p.67
- Lopholasma carbonaria
- Amplexus coronae
- Strophomenata
- Productida
- Rugosochonetidae
- Capillomesolobus pontebbanusPecar, 1986
- Paramesolobus sp.
- Bryozoa
- Rhombocladia delicataErnst, 2005, p.70
- Foraminifera
- Badyina lucidaVachard & Krainer, 2001, p.186
- Hemidiscus sp.Vachard & Krainer, 2001, p.188
- Ichnofossils
- LimnopusMarchetti et al., 2020, p.37
The tracks of Limnopus from the Corona Formation represent the oldest record of tetrapod tracks from the Southern Alps.
= Flora =
The formation has also provided abundant, well-preserved and diverse plant assemblages in coal-rich levels of up to {{convert|30|cm|in}} in the fine sandstones and shaly levels of the Corona Formation. Therein, sphenophyte trunks with a diameter of up to {{convert|20|cm|in}} are preserved in situ.Kustatscher et al., 2018, p.38 The genus Lebachia, typically known from the Permian, is not found in other Carboniferous strata in the Alps.Ronchi et al., 2012, p.308 The flora is of importance as one of the earliest examples of rebound after the Carboniferous rainforest collapse.
{{div col|colwidth=28em}}
- Acitheca polymorphaRonchi et al., 2012, p.309
- Annularia carinataKustatscher et al., 2018, p.39
- Anthracoporella sp.Samankassou, 2003, p.205
- Calamites carinatusKustatscher et al., 2018, p.40
- Lepidodendron cf. subdichotum
- Linopteris neuropteroidesKustatscher et al., 2018, p.44
- Neuropteris cordata
- Paripteris cf. linguaefolia
- Pseudomariopteris busquetii
- Alethopteris sp.
- Pecopteris sp.
- Polymorphopteris sp.
{{div col end}}
See also
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
- List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Austria
- List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Italy
- Bajo de Véliz Formation, contemporaneous fossil flora-bearing formation of Argentina
- Ganigobis Formation, contemporaneous fossil fish-bearing formation of Namibia
{{div col end}}
References
{{reflist|2}}
= Bibliography =
- {{citation |first1=Lorenzo |last1=Marchetti |first2=Giuseppe |last2=Muscio |first3=Fabio Massimo |last3=Petti |first4=Gian Luigi |last4=Pillola |first5=Daniel |last5=Zoboli |year=2020 |title=The Carboniferous tetrapod ichnoassociation from Italy |journal=Journal of Mediterranean Earth Sciences |volume=12 |pages=31–39}}
- {{citation |first1=Evelyn |last1=Kustatscher |first2=Hendrik |last2=Nowak |first3=Stanislav |last3=Opluštil |first4=Josef |last4=Pšenička |first5=Luca |last5=Simonetto |year=2018 |title=The Carboniferous flora of the Carnic Alps - state of the art |journal=Gortania - Geologia, Paleontologia, Paletnologia |volume=40 |pages=33–47 |issn=2038-0410}}
- {{citation |first1=Ausonio |last1=Ronchi |first2=Evelyn |last2=Kustatscher |first3=Paola |last3=Pittau |first4=Giuseppe |last4=Santi |year=2012 |title=Pennsylvanian floras from Italy: an overview of the main sites and historical collections |journal=Geologia Croatica |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=299–322|doi=10.4154/GC.2012.20 }}
- {{citation |first=Andrej |last=Ernst |year=2005 |title=Upper Palaeozoic Bryozoa in Carnic Alps, Austria (a review) |journal=Denisia |volume=16 |pages=69–74}}
- {{citation |first1=Bernhard |last1=Hubmann |first2=Susanne |last2=Pohler |first3=Hans-Peter |last3=Schönlaub |first4=Fritz |last4=Messner |year=2003 |title=Paleozoic Coral-Sponge Bearing Successions in Austria |journal=Berichte der Geologischen Bundesanstalt |volume=61 |pages=1–91}}
- {{citation |first1=Daniel |last1=Vachard |first2=Karl |last2=Krainer |year=2001 |title=Smaller foraminifers, characteristic algae and pseudo-algae of the latest Carboniferous / Early Permian Rattendorf Group of the Carnic Alps (Austria/Italy) |journal=Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia |volume=107 |pages=169–195}}
- {{citation |first1=Gian Battista |last1=Vai |first2=Corrado |last2=Venturini |year=1997 |title=Moscovian and Artinskian rocks in the frame of the cyclic Permo-Carboniferous deposits of the Carnic Alps and related areas |journal=Geodiversitas |volume=19 |pages=173–186}}
- {{citation |first=F.M |last=Dalla Vecchia |year=1988 |title=First Record of a Petalodont (Petalodus ohioensis Safford, 1853) from the Alps |journal=Gortania - Atti Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale |volume=9 |pages=47–56}}
- {{citation |first=J |last=Pecar |year=1986 |title=Upper Carboniferous and Permian mesolobid chonetacean brachiopods of Karavanke Mountains (Yugoslavia) and Carnian Alps (Italy) |journal=Geologija |volume=28/29 |pages=9–53}}
- {{citation |first1=C. |last1=Brauckmann |first2=G. |last2=Hahn |year=1983 |title=Ein Palaeodictyopteren-Flügel aus dem Ober-Karbon der Karnischen Alpen |journal=Carinthia II |volume=93 |pages=245–251}}
Category:Carboniferous System of Europe
Category:Carboniferous Austria
Category:Conglomerate formations
Category:Ichnofossiliferous formations
Category:Carboniferous northern paleotropical deposits
Category:Paleontology in Austria
Category:Paleontology in Italy