Udine

{{see also|Names of Udine in different languages|}}

Udine was first attested in medieval Latin records as Udene in 983 and as Utinum around the year 1000. The origin of the name Udine is unclear. It has been tentatively suggested that the name may be of pre-Roman origin, connected with the Indo-European root *o{{IPA|u̯}}d^h- 'udder' used in a figurative sense to mean 'hill'.Pellegrini, Giovan Battista. 1990. Toponomastica italiana: 10000 nomi di città, paesi, frazioni, regioni, contrade, fiumi, monti spiegati nella loro origine e storia. Milan: Hoepli, p. 130.{{cite book |last1=Snoj |first1=Marko |title=Etimološki slovar slovenskih zemljepisnih imen |date=2009 |publisher=Modrijan |location=Ljubljana |page=454}} The Slovene name Videm (with final -m) is a hypercorrection of the local Slovene name Vidan (with final -n), based on settlements named Videm in Slovenia. The Slovene linguist Pavle Merkù characterized the Slovene form Videm as an "idiotic 19th-century hypercorrection."Toporišič, Jože. 2002. "Pavle Merkù o Slovenskem pravopisu 2001." Kras 54/55: 62–64. Reprinted in: Jože Toporišič. 2011. Intervjuji in polemike, pp. 329–333. Ljubljana: Založba ZRC, p. 330.

Udine is the historical capital of Friuli. The area has been inhabited since the Neolithic age.

Based on an old Hungarian legend, Attila (?–453), the leader of the Huns, built a hill there, when besieging Aquileia, because he needed a billet for his winter quarters: he instructed his soldiers to bring soil in their helmets and shields, because the landscape was too flat, without any hill. He established the town there, and built a square tower.{{Cite book|first=Dénes|last=Lengyel|title=Régi Magyar mondák|publisher=Móra Ferenc|location=Budapest|year=1972|isbn=963-11-2928-4}}

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the area increased in importance after the decline of Aquileia, then further after the decline of Cividale. In AD 983 Udine was mentioned for the first time, with the donation of the Utinum castle by emperor Otto II to the Patriarchs of Aquileia, then the main feudal lords of the region.{{cite web |title=Storia e tradizioni |url=https://www.udine.com/storia-tradizioni.html |publisher=Udine.com |language=It}} In 1223, with the foundation of the market,Marušič, Branko. 2000. Videm. Enciklopedija Slovenije, vol. 14. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, pp. 224–225. the city became finally the most important in the area for economy and trade, and also became the Patriarch's seat.

File:Old udine.jpg

In 1420, it was conquered by the Republic of Venice. In 1511, it was the seat of a short civil war, which was followed by an earthquake and a plague. Udine remained under Venetian control until 1797, being the second largest city in the state.

After the fall of Venice, it was part of the Habsburg Venetian Province (1798-1805). After the short French domination which ensued, being part of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, it was part of the Austrian Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia, and was included in the newly formed Kingdom of Italy in 1866.

In 1880 the city council ordered that the remaining sections of the medieval walls should be demolished to provide space for urban expansion.{{cite web|url=http://www.letrevenezie.net/pubblicazioni/udine/articolo1/inglese/pag1.htm|title=The Millenial City|website=www.letrevenezie.net|accessdate=24 March 2025}}

During World War I, from May 1915 to October 1917, Udine became the seat of the Italian High Command and was nicknamed "Capitale della Guerra" ("War Capital"). After the battle of Caporetto, it was occupied by the Germans in late 1917{{Cite web|url=http://www.firstworldwar.com/onthisday/1917|title=On This Day – 29 October 1917|website=firstworldwar.com|access-date=October 29, 2017}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} and by the Austro-Hungarians in 1918 until after the Battle of Vittorio Veneto in 1918. After the war it was made capital of a short-lived province (Provincia del Friuli) which included the current provinces of Gorizia, Pordenone and Udine. After September 8, 1943, when Italy surrendered to the Allies in World War II, the city was under direct German administration, which ceased in April 1945.

Udine has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa). Precipitation is abundant all year round with spring and autumn being the wettest seasons. The highest temperature recorded was {{convert|38.2|C|0}} on July 21, 2006 while the lowest temperature recorded was {{convert|-18.6|C|0}} on December 19, 2009.

{{Weather box|location = Udine (Rivolto Air Base) (1991–2020, extremes 1969–present)

|metric first = Yes

|single line = Yes

|Jan record high C = 18.6

|Feb record high C = 23.2

|Mar record high C = 25.6

|Apr record high C = 29.5

|May record high C = 33.2

|Jun record high C = 36.2

|Jul record high C = 38.2

|Aug record high C = 37.0

|Sep record high C = 34.4

|Oct record high C = 29.8

|Nov record high C = 25.3

|Dec record high C = 17.4

|year record high C = 38.2

| Jan high C = 8.5

| Feb high C = 10.2

| Mar high C = 14.5

| Apr high C = 18.5

| May high C = 23.0

| Jun high C = 27.2

| Jul high C = 29.6

| Aug high C = 29.4

| Sep high C = 24.4

| Oct high C = 19.1

| Nov high C = 13.6

| Dec high C = 9.4

| year high C = 18.9

| Jan mean C = 4.0

| Feb mean C = 5.0

| Mar mean C = 9.0

| Apr mean C = 13.0

| May mean C = 17.6

| Jun mean C = 21.7

| Jul mean C = 23.7

| Aug mean C = 23.5

| Sep mean C = 18.7

| Oct mean C = 14.0

| Nov mean C = 9.1

| Dec mean C = 4.7

| year mean C = 13.7

| Jan low C = -0.3

| Feb low C = 0.1

| Mar low C = 3.6

| Apr low C = 7.5

| May low C = 12.2

| Jun low C = 16.1

| Jul low C = 17.9

| Aug low C = 17.6

| Sep low C = 13.3

| Oct low C = 9.2

| Nov low C = 4.8

| Dec low C = 0.4

| year low C = 8.5

|Jan record low C = -14.6

|Feb record low C = -11.6

|Mar record low C = -10.0

|Apr record low C = -4.8

|May record low C = 1.4

|Jun record low C = 5.6

|Jul record low C = 8.2

|Aug record low C = 6.6

|Sep record low C = 3.0

|Oct record low C = -3.2

|Nov record low C = -8.4

|Dec record low C = -18.6

|year record low C = -18.6

| Jan dew point C =-1.1

| Feb dew point C =-0.9

| Mar dew point C =2.4

| Apr dew point C =6.3

| May dew point C =11.3

| Jun dew point C =14.7

| Jul dew point C =16.5

| Aug dew point C =16.1

| Sep dew point C =12.5

| Oct dew point C =9.0

| Nov dew point C =3.7

| Dec dew point C =0.1

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 55.2

| Feb precipitation mm = 52.3

| Mar precipitation mm = 69.3

| Apr precipitation mm = 83.8

| May precipitation mm = 101.8

| Jun precipitation mm = 92.3

| Jul precipitation mm = 75.4

| Aug precipitation mm = 82.0

| Sep precipitation mm = 116.6

| Oct precipitation mm = 111.5

| Nov precipitation mm = 125.4

| Dec precipitation mm = 72.6

| year precipitation mm = 1038.3

| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 4.9

| Feb precipitation days = 4.3

| Mar precipitation days = 6.1

| Apr precipitation days = 8.3

| May precipitation days = 9.7

| Jun precipitation days = 8.4

| Jul precipitation days = 7.3

| Aug precipitation days = 7.0

| Sep precipitation days = 7.4

| Oct precipitation days = 8.0

| Nov precipitation days = 7.8

| Dec precipitation days = 6.4

| year precipitation days = 85.7

| Jan humidity = 74.9

| Feb humidity = 71.7

| Mar humidity = 70.2

| Apr humidity = 70.1

| May humidity = 71.0

| Jun humidity = 71.1

| Jul humidity = 69.6

| Aug humidity = 69.0

| Sep humidity = 71.1

| Oct humidity = 74.7

| Nov humidity = 77.6

| Dec humidity = 76.2

| year humidity = 72.3

| Jan sun = 146.3

| Feb sun = 170.8

| Mar sun = 198.7

| Apr sun = 198.9

| May sun = 234.4

| Jun sun = 234.9

| Jul sun = 274.0

| Aug sun = 264.7

| Sep sun = 194.7

| Oct sun = 174.8

| Nov sun = 131.7

| Dec sun = 142.9

| year sun = 2366.9

| Jan light = 9.1

| Feb light = 10.4

| Mar light = 11.9

| Apr light = 13.6

| May light = 15.0

| Jun light = 15.7

| Jul light = 15.3

| Aug light = 14.1

| Sep light = 12.5

| Oct light = 10.9

| Nov light = 9.5

| Dec light = 8.7

| year light=

| Jan uv =2

| Feb uv =3

| Mar uv =5

| Apr uv =6

| May uv =8

| Jun uv =9

| Jul uv =9

| Aug uv =8

| Sep uv =6

| Oct uv =4

| Nov uv =3

| Dec uv =2

| year uv =

| Jan snow cm = 1.0

| Feb snow cm = 1.3

| Mar snow cm = 0.2

| Apr snow cm = 0.0

| May snow cm = 0.0

| Jun snow cm = 0.0

| Jul snow cm = 0.0

| Aug snow cm = 0.0

| Sep snow cm = 0.0

| Oct snow cm = 0.0

| Nov snow cm = 0.4

| Dec snow cm = 1.1

| year snow cm =

| source 1 = NOAA{{cite web

|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Italy/CSV/UdineRivolto_16045.csv

|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Udine

|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

|access-date = February 3, 2024}} (dew point 1981-2010){{cite web|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Italy/WMO_Normals_CliNo81-10.xls

|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981-2010: Udine-16045|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date = March 2, 2024|format=XLS |quote=Parameter code:39 - Dew Point Temperature}}

|source 2 = Servizio Meteorologico,{{cite web

| url = http://climaintoscana.altervista.org/italia/stazioni-wmo/udine-rivolto/

| title = Udine Rivolto: Record mensili dal 1969

| publisher = Servizio Meteorologico dell'Aeronautica Militare

| language = it

| access-date = February 23, 2016}}{{cite web

| url = http://clima.meteoam.it/AtlanteClim2/pdf/(045)Udine%20Rivolto.pdf

| title = Udine/Rivolto (UD)

| work = Atlante climatico

| publisher = Servizio Meteorologico

| access-date = February 23, 2016}} Nomadseason(UV),{{cite web |title=UV Index in Udine, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy |url=https://nomadseason.com/uv-index/italy/friuli-venezia-giulia/udine.html |website=Nomadseason |access-date=2 March 2024 |quote=Last updated: February 4, 2024}} Weather atlas(Snow-Daylight){{cite web |title=Climate and monthly weather forecast Udine, Italy |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/italy/udine-climate |website=Weather Atlas |access-date=2 March 2024}}

}}

{{Historical populations|1871|29425|1881|31954|1901|36899|1911|46916|1921|53635|1931|63712|1936|63098|1951|72908|1961|86188|1971|100794|1981|102021|1991|99189|2001|95030|2011|98287|2021|97736|type=|footnote=Source: ISTAT}}In 2007, there were 97,880 people residing in Udine itself (whereas the greater area has a population double its size), located in the province of Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, of whom 46.9% were male and 53.1% were female. Minors (children ages 18 and younger) totalled 14.36% of the population; in comparison, to pensioners accounted for 24.27%. This contrasts with the Italian average of 18.06% (minors) and 19.94% (pensioners). The average age of Udine residents is 47 compared to the Italian average of 42. Between 2002 and 2007, the population of Udine grew by 1.48%, whereas Italy as a whole grew by 3.56%.[http://demo.istat.it/bil2002/index.html] [http://demo.istat.it/bil2007/index.html] The current birth rate of Udine is 9.13 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 9.45 births.

The nearby area close to the border has a Slovene population estimated at 2,000. A 1475 document mentions Slovene as the language of the "lower class" in the town, and the Udine Manuscript of 1458 contains Slovene vocabulary. Alasia da Sommaripa's Italian–Slovenian dictionary was printed in Udine in 1607.

Udine is one of the municipalities in Friuli where Friulian is taught.

{{As of|2023}}, 85.30% of the population was of Italian descent. Of the four provincial capitals of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, as of 31 December 2022, Udine has the second highest percentage of foreign residents: 14,386 presences or 14.7% of the total population, higher than the regional average of 9.2%.{{cite web |access-date=31 July 2023 |title=Bilancio demografico e popolazione residente straniera al 31 dicembre 2022 per sesso e cittadinanza |url=https://demo.istat.it/app/?i=RCS&l=it}}[https://www.tuttitalia.it/friuli-venezia-giulia/provincia-di-udine/statistiche/cittadini-stranieri-2023/ cittadini stranieri] tuttitalia.it

{{div col}}

1. Romania, {{formatnum:2470}} (17.2%)
2. Albania, {{formatnum:1619}} (11.3%)
3. Ukraine, {{formatnum:1261}} (8.8%)
4. Ghana, 716 (5.0%)
5. Nigeria, 677 (4.7%)
6. China, 561 (3.9%)
7. Serbia, 560 (3.9%)
8. Kosovo, 497 (3.5%)
9. Morocco, 490 (3.4%)
10. Pakistan, 468 (3.3%)

{{div col end}}

{{See also|List of mayors of Udine}}

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| caption1 = Piazza della Libertà and the Loggia di San Giovanni

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| caption2 = Loggia di San Giovanni, clock tower (Torre dell'Orologio)

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| image1 = Udine, loggia di lionello 03.JPG

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| caption1 = Loggia del Lionello

| image2 = Udin Videm city hall.jpg

| alt2 =

| caption2 = By night

}}

The old residence of the patriarchs of Aquileia, the palazzo Patriarcale, was erected by Giovanni Fontana{{cn|date=February 2024}} in 1517 in place of the older one destroyed by an earthquake in 1511. Under the Austrians it was used as a prison. A recension of the Visigothic code of laws, called the Breviary of Alaric, was formerly preserved In the cathedral archives, in a manuscript known as the Codex Utinensis, which was printed before it was lost.

In the 1550s, Andrea Palladio erected some buildings in Udine. The Oratorio della Purità has 18th-century frescoes by Giambattista Tiepolo and his son Giandomenico.

The church dedicated to St. Mary of the Castle is probably the oldest in Udine, judging from extant fragments dating back to the Lombard era. It lost its parish status in 1263, when it was annexed to the larger parish of Saint'Odorico (now the cathedral). It has been renovated many times over the centuries: the façade, for example, was entirely rebuilt after the 1511 Idrija earthquake. Its three naves preserve the suggestive atmosphere of silence and contemplation, which is often found in old churches. The Venetian Governor, Tommaso Lippomano, commissioned the Venetian Gothic portico with steps and ramps leading down the hill in 1487.

In the principal square (Piazza della Libertà) stands the town hall (Loggia del Lionello) built in 1448–1457 in the Venetian-Gothic style opposite a clock tower (Torre dell'Orologio) resembling that of the Piazza San Marco at Venice. It was begun in 1448 on a project by Nicolò Lionello, a local goldsmith, and was rebuilt following a fire in 1876. The new design was projected by the architect Andrea Scala.

Opposite the Loggia del Lionello is the Loggia di San Giovanni, a Renaissance structure designed by Bernardino da Morcote. Other noteworthy monuments in the square are the Fountain by Giovanni Carrara, an architect from Bergamo (1542); the Columns bearing the Venetian Lion and the Statue of Justice (1614), the statues of Hercules and Cacus and the Statue of Peace (1819) which was donated to Udine by Emperor Francis I to commemorate the peace Treaty of Campoformido.{{Cite web|url=http://www.viaggioinfriuliveneziagiulia.it/wcms/index.php?id=68,0,0,1,0,0|title=Viaggio in Friuli Venezia Giulia {{!}} Udine - Piazza Libertà|website=Viaggioinfriuliveneziagiulia.it|access-date=2018-11-24}}

The Cathedral of Udine is an imposing edifice whose construction started in 1236, on a Latin cross-shaped plan with three naves and chapels along the sides. The church was consecrated in 1335 as Santa Maria Maggiore. At the beginning of the 18th century, a radical transformation project involving both the exterior and the interior was undertaken at the request and expense of the Manin family. The Baroque interior has monumental dimensions and contains many works of art by Tiepolo, Amalteo, and Ludovico Dorigny. On the ground floor of the bell tower (built from 1441 over the ancient baptistry) is a chapel which is completely adorned with frescoes by Vitale da Bologna (1349).

The centre of Udine is dominated by the castle, built by the Venetians from 1517 over a Lombard fortification ruined by an earthquake in 1511. The current Renaissance appearance dates from the intervention of Giovanni da Udine, who finished the works starting from 1547. The castle houses one of the most ancient Parliament Halls of Europe.

• Orto Botanico Friulano, a botanical garden
• Parco Botanico Friulano "Cormor", a park and botanical garden
• Tempio Ossario dei Caduti d'Italia, 1931 church

Udine has a university, the University of Udine. The archbishop's palace and the Museo Civico have quite important paintings. The city has a theater, the Teatro Giovanni da Udine.

Important festivals include the wine-and-food September festival, Friuli D.O.C., the national literary prize for non-fiction Premio Friuli Storia and the biggest European festival of popular East Asian cinema, the Far East Film Festival, in April.[https://www.fareastfilm.com/eng/ Far East Film Festival] fareastfilm.com

Asteroid 33100 Udine was named in honour of the city.

Along with Italian, Friulian is often spoken in Udine, as well as a variant of Venetian (called Venetin) that is however in decline.

File:Giovanni Battista Tiepolo 067.jpg

• Civici musei e gallerie di storia e arte (since 1906) with Museo Archeologico, Galleria d'Arte Antica, Galleria dei Disegni e delle Stampa, Museo Friulano della Fotografia, Fototeca e Collezioni RisorgimentaliUn'importante donazione fu quella di monete e reperti archeologici della prima sala al piano terra nell'ala est del Castello, donazione di Augusto de' Brandis, del 1924 (vedi [https://books.google.com/books?id=975GAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Augusto+de'+Brandis%22 Bergamini, 2002] e [http://www.provincia.udine.it/musei/italiano/Pages/Udine3.aspx provincia.udine.it] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712131723/http://www.provincia.udine.it/musei/italiano/Pages/Udine3.aspx|date=July 12, 2014}}).
• Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea
• Museo etnografico del Friuli (Palazzo Giacomelli)
• Gallerie del Progetto
• Museo del Duomo di Udine
• Museo diocesano e gallerie del Tiepolo

Udine is important for commerce, with several commercial centers in the hinterland. There are also iron and mechanical industries (Danieli and ABS are the most important).

With 7,600,000 travelling people every year, Udine railway station is the most important station in Friuli-Venezia Giulia. Train services operate to Venice, Treviso, Trieste, Gemona del Friuli, Tarvisio, Cividale del Friuli, Padua, Bologna, Rome, Verona and Milan. International trains operate to Vienna and Munich.

File:Udine casa veneziana gotica.jpg|Venetian house

File:Duomo di udine, esterno 01.JPG|Facade of Udine Cathedral

File:The Duomo.jpg|Udine Cathedral

File:Udine Chiesa di San Francesco.jpg|Chiesa di San Francesco

File:Udine San Giacomo 03.jpg|Piazza San Giacomo

File:Udine-PortaManin.jpg|Porta Manin

File:Udine-PortaAquileia.jpg|Porta Aquileia

File:Udine Via Mercatovecchio 01.jpg|Via Mercatovecchio

File:Udine, palazzo florio 01.JPG|University of Udine

File:L’Angelo del campanile della Chiesa di Santa Maria di Castello di Udine.JPG|The Angel of the steeple of the Church of Santa Maria di Castello di Udine

File:DaciArena.jpg club Udinese Calcio play at the Stadio Friuli]]

The main football club in the city is Udinese Calcio, founded in 1896, who, as of 2023, have played in every Serie A season since the 1995–96 season. Their ground, the Stadio Friuli, was a venue at the 1990 FIFA World Cup and will host the 2025 UEFA Super Cup.

The local basketball team, APU GSA, played in the second national league, the LegaDue.

The former Stadio Moretti hosted football and motorcycle speedway, it held significant events including qualifying rounds of the Speedway World Championship in 1971 and 1972.{{cite web |url=https://dlprezes.pl.tl/SPEEDWAY--_--Indywidualne-mistrzostwa-%26%23346%3Bwiata-----------k1-World-Speedway-Championship-k2-.htm |title=World Championship |website=Metal Speedway |access-date=31 January 2024}}{{cite web |url=http://www.speedway.org/history/ |title=World Championship | website=Speedway.org |access-date=31 January 2024}}

File:Luca Carlevarijs.jpg]]

• Luigi De Agostini (born 1961), footballer
• Guglielmo Vicario (born 1996), footballer
• Afro Basaldella (1912–1976), painter
• Giuseppe Battiston (born 1968), actor
• Enzo Bearzot (1927–2010), national football trainer
• Mario Benedetti (1955–2020), poet
• Girolamo di Bernardino, 16th-century painter of frescoes
• Bernardino Blaceo, 16th-century painter
• Emanuele Blandamura (born 1979), boxer
• Sebastiano Bombelli (1635–1719), Baroque and Rococò painter
• José Bragato (1915–2017), cellist and composer
• Carlo Caneva (1845–1922), major general
• Eliana Cargnelutti (born 1989), blues rock musician{{cite web|url=https://femalerockers.com/elianacargnelutti|title=Reaching salvation is through music where women play a huge role|website=Femalerockers.com|date=April 17, 2020 |access-date=13 October 2022}}
• Luca Carlevarijs (1663–1730), painter
• Elena Cecchini (born 1992), cyclist
• Davide Cecotti (born 1973), professional football player
• Andrea Centazzo (born 1948), drummer and composer
• Bruno Chizzo (1916–1969), footballer
• Giovanni da Udine (1487–1564), painter (Renaissance)
• Raimondo D'Aronco (1857–1932), architect
• Mario David (1934–2005), football player and coach.
• Gualtiero Driussi (1920–1996), politician
• Alfredo Foni (1911–1985), football player and coach.
• Fabio Frittelli (1966–2013), better known by his pseudonym Mo-Do, an Italian musician
• Massimo Giacomini (born 1939), former footballer and sports commentator
• Andrea Chiopris Gori (born 1977), former footballer
• Francesco Janich (1937–2019), footballer
• Dalila Di Lazzaro (born 1953), actress and model
• Ernesto Lomasti (1959–1979), mountaineer
• Guido Macor (born 1932), retired footballer
• Fabio Masotti (born 1974), cyclist
• Alberto Mazzucato (1813–1877), composer and music teacher
• Tina Modotti (1896–1942), photographer, actress, revolutionary
• Edi Orioli (born 1962), rallying motorcycle racer
• Francesco Pavona (1695–1777), Baroque painter
• Daniele Petri (born 1980), Italian darts player
• Nicola Pezzetta (born 1963), artist and architect
• Luigi Pio Tessitori (1887–1919), indologist, linguist
• Alessandro Piu (born 1996), footballer
• Bruno Pizzul (born 1938), sports journalist and footballer
• Bruno Sacco (born 1933), car designer
• Alessia Tuttino (born 1983), footballer
• Elena Valentinis (1396–1458), Roman Catholic Blessed professed religious
• Glauco Venier (born 1962), jazz pianist and composer
• Giuseppe Virgili (1935–2016), Italian footballer (striker)
• José Zanier (1905–1973), engineer
• Alessandro Zanni (born 1984), rugby union player

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy}}

Udine is twinned with:{{cite web |title=Gemellaggi e relazioni internazionali|url=https://www.comune.udine.it/13-pagina/200-625-02-10-2016-12-58-36|website=comune.udine.it|publisher=Udine|language=it|access-date=2019-12-16}}{{cite web |title=Our Twin Cities|url=https://www.citywindsor.ca/cityhall/committeesofcouncil/Advisory-Committees/International-Relations-Committee-(IRC)/Pages/Our-Twin-Cities.aspx|website=Citywindsor.ca|access-date=2019-12-16}}

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

• {{flagicon|ESP}} Albacete, Spain
• {{flagicon|GER}} Esslingen am Neckar, Germany
• {{flagicon|SVN}} Maribor, Slovenia
• {{flagicon|WAL}} Neath Port Talbot, Wales, United Kingdom

• {{flagicon|NED}} Schiedam, Netherlands
• {{flagicon|FRA}} Vienne, France
• {{flagicon|AUT}} Villach, Austria
• {{flagicon|CAN}} Windsor, Canada
• {{flagicon|CMR}} Yaoundé, Cameroon

{{div col end}}

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

• {{flagicon|IND}} Bikaner, India
• {{flagicon|AUT}} Klagenfurt, Austria
• {{flagicon|HUN}} Óbuda-Békásmegyer, Hungary
• {{flagicon|POL}} Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland
• {{flagicon|ARG}} Resistencia, Argentina
• {{flagicon|SVN}} Velenje, Slovenia

{{div col end}}

{{Portal|Italy|European Union|Cities}}

• Friuli innovazione

{{Reflist|30em}}

• {{Citation |publisher = Karl Baedeker |location = Leipzig |edition=14th |title = Northern Italy |date = 1913 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/northernitalyi00karl#page/422/mode/2up |chapter= Udine |ol = 16015532M }}

{{Commons}}

{{EB1911 poster|Udine}}

• [http://www.comune.udine.it Udine homepage]
• [http://www.italia.it/en/discover-italy/friuli-venezia-giulia/udine.html#box_1Udine Udine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620195648/http://www.italia.it/en/discover-italy/friuli-venezia-giulia/udine.html#box_1Udine |date=June 20, 2020 }} on Italia.it
• [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/artsandculture/9017512/Udine-Italy-a-cultural-guide.html Udine, Italy: a cultural guide] by Sunday Telegraph

{{Province of Udine}}

{{Cities in Italy}}

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Category:983 establishments

Udine

Category:10th-century establishments in Italy

Category:Domini di Terraferma