Coronation Oath Act 1688

{{Short description|Act of the Parliament of England}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}

{{Use British English|date=April 2025}}

{{Infobox UK legislation

| short_title = Coronation Oath Act 1688{{efn|The citation of this act by this short title was authorised by section 5 of, and schedule 2 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1948. Due to the repeal of those provisions, it is now authorised by section 19(2) of the Interpretation Act 1978.}}

| type = Act

| parliament = Parliament of England

| long_title = An Act for Establishing the Coronation Oath.{{efn|These words are printed against this act in the second column of schedule 2 to the Statute Law Revision Act 1948, which is headed "Title".}}

| year = 1689

| citation = 1 Will. & Mar. c. 6{{br}}{{ubli|(Ruffhead: {{nowrap|1 Will. & Mar. Sess. 1. c. 6}})}}

| territorial_extent = England and Wales

| royal_assent = 9 April 1689

| commencement = 13 February 1689{{efn|Start of session.}}

| repeal_date =

| amends =

| replaces =

| amendments = {{ubli|Statute Law Revision Act 1888|Statute Law Revision Act 1948}}

| status = Amended

| original_text = https://www.british-history.ac.uk/statutes-realm/vol6/pp56-57

| related_legislation = {{ubli|Coronation Oath Act 1688|Act of Settlement 1701}}

| revised_text =

| use_new_UK-LEG = yes

}}

The Coronation Oath Act 1688 (1 Will. & Mar. c. 6) is an act of the Parliament of England. It was passed in 1689.

The preamble noted that "by the Law and Ancient Usage of this Realm" the monarchs of England had taken a solemn oath at their coronation to maintain the statute laws and customs of the country and of its inhabitants, but the text of this oath had become partly meaningless over time, "framed in doubtful Words and Expressions with relation to ancient Laws and Constitutions at this time unknown".{{cite book |chapter=William and Mary, 1688: An Act for Establishing the Coronation Oath. [Chapter VI. Rot. Parl. pt. 5. nu. 3.] |title=Statutes of the Realm |volume=6: 1685-94 |editor-first=John |editor-last=Raithby |date=1819 |pages=56–57 |via=British History Online |chapter-url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/statutes-realm/vol6/pp56-57

|quote=Whereas by the Law and Ancient Usage of this Realme the Kings and Queens thereof have taken a Solemne Oath upon the Evangelists at Their respective Coronations to maintaine the Statutes Laws and Customs of the said Realme and all the People and Inhabitants thereof in their Spirituall and Civill Rights and Properties BUT forasmuch as the Oath itselfe on such Occasion Administred hath heretofore beene framed in doubtfull Words and Expressions with relation to ancient Laws and Constitutions at this time unknowne To the end therefore that One Uniforme Oath may be in all Times to come taken by the Kings and Queens of this Realme and to Them respectively Administred at the times of Their and every of Their Coronation.}} It established a single uniform oath to be taken by future monarchs at their coronation, and also established that this oath was to be taken by William III and Mary II when they were crowned.

The oath was fundamentally different from the traditional coronation oath which recognized laws as being the grant of the king whereas the act's oath sought to bind the king to rule according to the law agreed in Parliament.{{cite book |last=Harris |first=Tim |title=Revolution: The Great Crisis of the British Monarchy 1685 – 1720 |publisher=Allen Lane |date=2006 |page=349}} At the forefront of the oath, then, is the distillation of the core principle of the Glorious Revolution of 1688, namely an assertion of the constitutional supremacy of Parliament, a principle that remains the basis of public law in the United Kingdom.{{cite web |url=https://ecclesiasticallaw.wordpress.com/2017/11/08/the-coronation-oath-right-and-rite/ |title=The Coronation Oath: Right and Rite|last=Jones |first=Phillip |date=2017 |access-date=2023-05-01}}

The oath was shorter than the one used in 1660, removing a number of awkward phrases and references to past monarchs; a significant alteration was the explicit inclusion of an oath to maintain "the true Profession of the Gospel and the Protestant Reformed Religion Established by Law", rather than the somewhat more vague promise to "Protect and Defend the Bishops and Churches under [my] Government."

Section 2 of the Act of Settlement 1701 (12 & 13 Will. 3. c. 2) reiterated the requirement to take the oath.Act of Settlement 1701, section 2 The act mostly remains in force {{as of|2019|lc=y}}. (Section 4, from "bee it" to "enacted that" was repealed by section 1(1) of, and part I of the schedule to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1888.)The Chronological Table of the Statutes, 1235 - 2010. The Stationery Office. 2011. {{ISBN|978-0-11-840509-6}}. Part I. Page 68, read with pages viii and x. The Scottish Claim of Right Act 1689 says that the monarch cannot "exercise the regal power until he or she swear the Coronation Oath."[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/aosp/1689/28/paragraph/p19 Claim of Right at legislation.gov.uk]