Cortijo

File:IMG 5008. Ruinas del Cortijo de las Lagunas.jpg, Málaga Province]]

A cortijo would usually include a large house, together with accessory buildings such as workers' quarters, sheds to house livestock, granaries, oil mills, barns and often a wall limiting the enclosure where there were no buildings surrounding it.López Ontiveros, Antonio et al. (2003). Geografía de Andalucía, Ed. Ariel, Barcelona. {{ISBN|84-344-3476-8}} It was also common for isolated cortijos to include a small chapel.

In mountain areas, rough stone was often used for wall construction and ashlar for corners, doorways, windows and arches. In ancient cortijos, mud or slaked lime were used as mortar. However, the traditional materials were replaced by cement and brick construction in more recent ones. In places where stone was hard to come by, adobe was more common as a construction material. Cortijos were often whitewashed. Roofs were built with wooden beam structures and covered with red ceramic roof tiles.

The master of the cortijo or "señorito" would usually live with his family in a two-story building when visiting, while the accessory structures were for the labourers and their families —also known as "cortijeros". The latter buildings were usually of more simple construction.Florido Trujillo, Gemma. Poblamiento y hábitat rural: Caracterización, evolución y situación actual, p. 337.

The cortijo was usually a habitat surrounded by extensive lands, such as olive groves or other kinds of agricultural exploitation. In certain desolate areas of the southern Central Meseta, Extremadura and Sierra Morena, a cortijo would be the only inhabited center for many miles around. Thus, most of them were self-sufficient units, as far as that was possible.

Many cortijos became deserted following General Franco's Plan de Estabilización and the abandonment of traditional agricultural practices by the local youth, including the lifestyle changes that swept over rural Spain during the second half of the 20th century.Tafunell, Xavier (2004). Historia económica de la España contemporánea. Crítica. {{ISBN|8484325024}}

File:Cortijo de Platero02.JPG]]

File:El Cortijo del Fraile.jpg]]

• Cortijo de Arroyovil, where Francisco Franco used to overnight when hunting, near Mancha Real.{{cite news |url=http://elpais.com/diario/2001/02/04/andalucia/981242535_850215.html |title=Visitas a un trozo de historia |first=Carmen |last=del Arco |date=4 February 2001 |access-date=14 September 2019 |location=Jaén |newspaper=El País |publisher=Prisa |language=es}}
• Cortijo de Miraflores, a historical building in Marbella.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MwhIAAAAYAAJ&q=Cortijo+de+Miraflores |title=Jardines históricos y parques actuales de Andalucía |first=Rafael |last=Blanco Almenta |publisher=Editorial Arguval |year=1998 |pages=243–244|isbn=9788489672307 }}
• Cortijo Jurado, near Campanillas; reputed to be haunted.{{Cite news |title=La verdadera historia del Cortijo Jurado |url=http://www.diariosur.es/malaga-capital/201503/07/verdadera-histora-cortijo-jurado-20150306222014.html |date=7 March 2015 |access-date=26 November 2017 |newspaper=Diario Sur |language=es |first=Ester |last=Requena |publisher=Vocento}}
• Cortijo de las Mezquitas, located between Antequera, Campillos and Sierra de Yeguas.{{cite journal |url=https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/boja/2008/258/13 |title=Decreto 535/2008, de 22 de diciembre, por el que se inscribe en el Catálogo General del Patrimonio Histórico Andaluz como Bien de Interés Cultural, con la tipología de Monumento, el Cortijo de las Mezquitas, en los términos municipales de Antequera, Campillos y Sierra de Yeguas (Málaga). |journal=Boletín Oficial de la Junta de Andalucía |issue=258 |date=30 December 2008 |access-date=27 December 2019 |language=es |pages=47–50}}
• Cortijo de Alventu, located near río Guadalquivir.{{cite |url=https://ws147.juntadeandalucia.es/obraspublicasyvivienda/publicaciones/01%20ARQUITECTURA%20Y%20VIVIENDA/cortijos_haciendas_y_lagares_en_andalucia/cortijos_haciendas_cadiz/libro_electronico/files/assets/basic-html/index.html#282 |title=Cortijos, haciendas y lagares. Arquitectura de las grandes explotaciones agrarias en Andalucía. Provincia de Cádiz |page=282 |work=Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda |publisher=Junta de Andalucía |language=es |year=2002}}
• Cortijo Bacardí, located in Málaga{{cite journal |url=http://plangeneral.malaga.eu/pgouap/recursos/pdfs/DOCUMENTO%20D.%20CATALOGOS/ZONA%20H.pdf |title=Catálogo de edificios protegidos - Campanillas-Guadalhorce |access-date=27 December 2019 |journal=Ayuntamiento de Málaga |language=es |page=201}}
• Cortijo del Fraile, in Níjar municipality, known as the scene of a crime.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyEzDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT23 |title=Campos de Níjar. Cincuenta años después (1959-2009) |first=Emilio |last=Rodríguez Linares |publisher=Ruiz de Aloza |date=5 March 2015 |page=23}}
• Cortijo de Aparicio el Grande
• Cortijo Cañaveral de los Frailes
• Cortijo del Búho in Riópar, Albacete Province{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V3WiUAp0v10C&pg=PA166 |title=Etnología de Andalucía oriental: Parentesco, agricultura y pesca |volume=1 |first1=Danielle |last1=Provansal |first2=Pedro |last2=Molina |publisher=Anthropos Editorial |year=1991 |page=166 |isbn=9788476582817}}
• El Cortijo, a nightclub in Barcelona.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}
• Casa Zaldívar, a cortijo in Casas de Don Pedro that became a Francoist concentration camp where Spanish Republican military personnel were interned and where many were shot.{{cite |last=Barrero Arzac |first=Fernando |date=27 December 2013 |title=Campo de Concentración de Casa Zaldívar: fusilamientos del 15 de mayo de 1939 |url=https://kittenproperties.com/blog/history/campo_concentracion_zaldivar_fusilamientos_15_mayo_1939.pdf |journal=}} at the time of the Spanish Civil War.{{cite news |url=https://fbarreroarzac.wordpress.com/2015/02/21/historia-y-tragedia-de-la-109a-bm-en-el-campo-de-zaldivar-badajoz-2/ |first=Fernando |last=Barrero Arzac |title=Historia y tragedia de la 109ª BM en el campo de Zaldívar (Badajoz) |date=21 February 2015 |access-date=14 September 2019 |work=WordPress}}
• Cortijo del Enjembraero, located in Helechal, Benquerencia de la Serena municipality, where four political prisoners: Sinesio Calderón, Antonio Cortés, Antonio Iglesias and Manuel Merinot were executed extrajudicially on 1 February 1949 accused by the Francoist authorities of assisting the Spanish Maquis.{{cite book |first=Secundino |last=Serrano Fernández |year=2011 |title=Maquis. Historia de la guerrilla antifranquista |location=Madrid |publisher=Temas de hoy |page=242 |isbn=978-84-8460-103-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7JaCAAAACAAJ}}{{cite book |first1=Justo |last1=Vila Izquierdo |first2=Santiago |last2=Álvarez |first3=José |last3=Hinojosa |first4=José |last4=Sandoval |date=1 January 2003 |title=La guerrilla antifranquista en Extremadura. El movimiento guerrillero de los años 40 |location=Barcelona |publisher=Universitas |page=105 |isbn=84-87098-39-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQEqAQAAMAAJ}}
• Cortijo del Carmen and cortijo de San Patricio, in Gádor, scene of the crime of Gádor.{{cite news |url=https://blogs.lavozdealmeria.com/tal-como-eramos/2018/10/08/el-tonto-del-crimen-de-gador/ |title=El 'tonto' del crimen de Gádor |date=8 October 2018 |access-date=14 September 2019 |first=Eduardo |last=Pino |author-link=Eduardo Pino |newspaper=La Voz de Almería |language=es}}{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.es/espana/crimenes-extraordinarios/abci-crimen-gador-o-inconcebible-crueldad-humana-201711190124_noticia.html |title=El crimen de Gádor o la inconcebible crueldad humana |first=Mari Pau |last=Domínguez |date=19 November 2017 |access-date=14 September 2019 |newspaper=ABC |language=es |publisher=Vocento}}

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• Alquería
• Hacienda

{{Reflist}}

• {{Commons category-inline|Cortijos}}
• [http://www.iaph.es/cortijos-haciendas-lagares-andalucia/frmSimple.do Cortijos, haciendas y lagares de Andalucía. Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico]

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Category:Housing in Spain

Category:House types

Category:Vernacular architecture