Coupled column
File:Louvre columns, Paris 20 August 2015.jpg]]
A coupled column (also accouplement, twinned or paired column) is one of a pair of columns that are installed nearer together and wider with others.{{cite book |last1=Davies |first1=Nikolas |last2=Jokiniemi |first2=Erkki |title=Dictionary of Architecture and Building Construction |date=2008 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1136410253 |page=656 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=krlTS0XWkLwC&dq=coupled+column+architecture&pg=PA656 |accessdate=2 August 2018}} The coupled columns should be of the same order and set closer enough to almost touch each other at their bases and capitals. These columns were mostly used in the architecture of the 17th century and later.{{cite web |title=Definition of coupled column |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/coupled%20column |publisher=Merriam Webster |accessdate=2 August 2018}} In a colonnade, all columns may be coupled or just the outer pairs.{{cite web |title=USING THE ORDERS |url=http://www.institute-of-traditional-architecture.org/using-the-orders/ |publisher=Institute of Classical Architecture |accessdate=2 August 2018}} Сoupled columns are often installed at the building entrance, on both sides of a window, fireplace, niche, or stair. Pilasters and engaged columns can also be paired.
Controversy
The coupling of classical columns was both a recurring motif in French classical architecture and a matter of controversy in structural and aesthetic theory. Quatremère de Quincy described the paired columns as a "fault" and a first step to vice (1788).{{cite book |last1=Wouters |first1=Ine |last2=Van de Voorde |first2=Stephanie |last3=Bertels |first3=Inge |last4=Espion |first4=Bernard |last5=de Jonge |first5=Krista |last6=Zastavni |first6=Denis |title=Building Knowledge, Constructing Histories, Volume 2 |date=July 11, 2018 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0429822520 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abNjDwAAQBAJ&dq=coupled+column+architecture&pg=RA4-PA2003 |accessdate=2 August 2018}} Claude Perrault, in contrast, considered coupled columns to be structurally superior because a composite architrave spanning wide intercolumnation of paired columns rested wholly on the inner column at each end.{{cite book |last1=Mallgrave |first1=Harry Francis |title=Modern Architectural Theory: A Historical Survey, 1673–1968 |date=July 13, 2009 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1139443401 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iK7ld8-oYswC&dq=coupled+column+architecture&pg=PA7 |accessdate=2 August 2018}}
Openings
Double bays can also receive this name.{{Cite book |last=Lajo |first=Rosina |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/433836330 |title=Léxico de arte |date=1990 |publisher=Akal |others=José. Surroca |isbn=84-7600-493-1 |location=Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid |oclc=433836330}} Thus a mullioned window is the name of an opening divided into two holes by a mullion or a mullion. It is also sometimes referred to as mullioned arches.
Gallery
File:Gothic architecture in France, England, and Italy (1915) (14801572593).jpg|Canterbury Cathedral, Trinity Chapel
Drawing, Stage Design, Interior of Renaissance Portico, early 19th century (CH 18540979).jpg|Renaissance style portico with coupled columns in park
File:Trinity Church, Boston (3678106905).jpg|Trinity Church, Boston
Cathedral-Parishjf6944 11.JPG|St. Paul the First Hermit Cathedral — N. Paulino St, Barangay V-D, Poblacion, San Pablo City, Laguna Province, Philippines.
File:Lincolnshire County Offices 01.jpg|Lincolnshire County Offices, Entrance Portico
File:Speculum Romanae Magnificentiae- House of Raphael MET DP870359.jpg|House of Raphael in Rome, 1512
Architecture-pilasters.jpg|Paired Corinthian pilasters with high bases on the county courthouse in Sidney, Ohio
Further reading
- {{cite journal |first1=P. Krishnam |last1=Raju |first2=V. |last2=Ravindra |first3=M. |last3=Gopi |title=Behaviour of buildings with coupled Reinforced Concrete columns |journal=IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. |volume=1025 |page=012029 |date=2021 |doi=10.1088/1757-899X/1025/1/012029|doi-access=free }}