Cryptolithodes sitchensis
{{Short description|Species of king crab}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Umbrella Crab.jpg
| image_alt = An umbrella crab from the intertidal at Bean Hollow State Beach, Pescadero, CA, USA.
| image2 = Cryptolithodes_sitchensis_frontal_ventral_view.jpg
| image2_alt = An umbrella crab being held in somebody's hand. The dorsal carapace is facing downward, revealing the venter (underside), and the anterior is toward the bottom of the frame. The abdomen, walking legs, chelipeds, and mouthparts are visible. The chelipeds conceal the eyes and all but a small portion of the antennae.
| genus = Cryptolithodes
| species = sitchensis
| authority = Brandt, 1853{{Cite journal|last=von Brandt|first=Johann Friedrich|author-link=Johann Friedrich von Brandt|date=1853|title=Ueber eine neue Art der Gattung Cryptolithodes (Cryptolithodes sitchensis)|trans-title=About a new species of the genus Cryptolithodes (Cryptolithodes sitchensis)|url=https://archive.org/stream/bulletindelacla00naukgoog#page/n153/mode/2up|journal=Bulletin de la Classe physico-mathématique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint Pétersbourg|issn=1029-998X|language=de|volume=11|pages=254–256}}
| synonyms =
{{Species list
| Cryptolithodes altafissura | Spence Bate, 1865
| Cryptolithodes alta-fissura | Spence Bate, 1865
}}
| synonyms_ref = {{cite WoRMS|last=De Grave|first=Sammy|date=25 July 2022|title=Cryptolithodes sitchensis Brandt, 1853|id=550616|access-date=4 December 2024}}
}}
Cryptolithodes sitchensis, known as the umbrella crab and the turtle crab,{{Cite magazine |last=Snow |first=C. Dale |date=April 1978 |title=Interesting Crabs of Oregon |magazine=Oregon Wildlife |publisher=Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission |volume=33 |issue=4 |page=6}}{{cite book |last=Kozloff |first=Eugene N. |author-link=Eugene N. Kozloff |url=https://archive.org/details/seashorelifeofno0000kozl_r1m7 |title=Seashore Life of the Northern Pacific Coast: An Illustrated Guide to Northern California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia |publisher=University of Washington Press |year=1993 |isbn=0-295-96084-1 |location=Seattle, WA |pages=192, 255 |lccn=83001130 |url-access=registration |via=the Internet Archive}} is a species of king crab native to coastal regions of the northeastern regions of the Pacific Ocean, ranging from Sitka, Alaska to Point Loma, California.{{cite book|last=Jensen|first=Gregory C.|title=Pacific Coast Crabs and Shrimps|publisher=Sea Challengers|year=1995|isbn=0-930118-20-0|lccn=94039292}} Its carapace extends over its legs such that when it pulls in its legs, it resembles a small stone. It lives in rocky areas from the low intertidal to depths of {{convert|37|m|abbr=on}}.{{cite journal |last1=Hall |first1=Sally |last2=Thatje |first2=Sven |date=October 15, 2009 |title=Global bottlenecks in the distribution of marine Crustacea: temperature constraints in the family Lithodidae |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/65000/1/Hall_JBiogeogr_09.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Biogeography |volume=36 |issue=11 |pages=2125–2135 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02153.x |bibcode=2009JBiog..36.2125H |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724074003/https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/65000/1/Hall_JBiogeogr_09.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2018 |via=the University of Southampton}}
Description
Cryptolithodes sitchensis{{'}} carapace is ovate, nearly smooth, and extends over all of its three pairs of walking legs and two chelipeds.{{Cite book |last1=Poore |first1=Gary C. B. |title=Marine Decapod Crustacea: A Guide to Families and Genera of the World |last2=Ahyong |first2=Shane T. |author-link2=Shane T. Ahyong |chapter=Anomura |pages=311–317 |publisher=CRC Press |year=2023 |isbn=978-1-4863-1178-1}} It is generally about {{frac|5|3}} as wide as it is long and can be over {{Convert|5|cm|in|abbr=on}} wide at the adult stage. It ranges from neutral sandy colors to bright oranges, reds, and purples.{{cite book |last=Kozloff |first=Eugene N. |author-link=Eugene N. Kozloff |url=https://archive.org/details/seashorelifeofno0000kozl_r1m7 |title=Seashore Life of the Northern Pacific Coast: An Illustrated Guide to Northern California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia |publisher=University of Washington Press |year=1993 |isbn=0-295-96084-1 |location=Seattle, WA |pages=192, 255 |lccn=83001130 |url-access=registration |via=the Internet Archive}}{{cite book|last=Schmitt|first=Waldo L.|title=The Marine Decapoda Crustacea of California|publisher=University of California Press|year=1921|page=155|url=https://archive.org/details/marinedecapodcru00schm|access-date=11 December 2024|via=the Internet Archive}} In adults, the first abdominal segment is fused with the second.{{cite journal|last1=McLaughlin|first1=Patsy A.|author-link=Patsy Ann McLaughlin|last2=Lemaitre|first2=Rafael|date=2000|title=Aspects of evolution in the anomuran superfamily Paguroidea: one larval prospective|url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/7369/IZ_Lemaitre2000AspectsofEvolution.pdf|url-status=live|journal=Invertebrate Reproduction and Development|volume=38|issue=3|pages=159–169|doi=10.1080/07924259.2000.9652453|bibcode=2000InvRD..38..159M |s2cid=55956527|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227010212/http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/7369/1/IZ_Lemaitre2000AspectsofEvolution.pdf|archive-date=February 27, 2012}} The third, fourth, and fifth segments are each composed of one median (inner) plate and a pair of lateral (outer) plates, although the third segment has accessory plates in two small regions on the left and right surrounded by the second segment, third median plate, and third lateral plates. Males have an equal number of these plates on both sides, but females often have more accessory plates to the left of the median.
Taxonomy
Cryptolithodes sitchensis was described by naturalist Johann Friedrich von Brandt in 1853 from a specimen found near Sitka, Alaska. It is one of the three species of Cryptolithodes, along with C. typicus and C. expansus.{{cite WoRMS|last=Ahyong|first=Shane T.|author-link=Shane T. Ahyong|date=12 December 2023|title=Cryptolithodes Brandt, 1848|id=550614|access-date=11 December 2024}}
References
{{Reflist|32em}}
External links
- {{Commons category-inline|2=Cryptolithodes sitchensis}}
- {{Wikispecies inline|2=Cryptolithodes sitchensis}}
- [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&rel-taxon=contains&where-taxon=Cryptolithodes%20sitchensis CalPhotos]
- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz9DmETJt9Q Video of C. sitchensis]
{{Lithodidae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3932839}}
{{Portal bar|Crustaceans|Marine life}}
Category:Crustaceans of the eastern Pacific Ocean
Category:Anomura of the Pacific Ocean
Category:Crustaceans described in 1853
Category:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich von Brandt
Category:Crustaceans of Canada
Category:Crustaceans of the United States
Category:Fauna of the Northwestern United States