Cryspovirus

{{Short description|Genus of viruses}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}

{{italic title}}

{{Virusbox

| name = Cryspovirus

| parent = Cryspovirus

| species = Cryspovirus cryptosporidii

}}

Cryspovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Partitiviridae.{{cite journal|last1=Vainio|first1=EJ|last2=Chiba|first2=S|last3=Ghabrial|first3=SA|last4=Maiss|first4=E|last5=Roossinck|first5=M|last6=Sabanadzovic|first6=S|last7=Suzuki|first7=N|last8=Xie|first8=J|last9=Nibert|first9=M|last10=Ictv Report|first10=Consortium|title=ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Partitiviridae.|journal=The Journal of General Virology|date=January 2018|volume=99|issue=1|pages=17–18|doi=10.1099/jgv.0.000985|pmid=29214972|pmc=5882087}} Protists serve as natural hosts. There is only one species in this genus: Cryptosporidium parvum virus 1 (Cryspovirus cryptosporidii).{{cite web|title=ICTV Report|url=http://www.ictv.global/report/partitiviridae}}{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/769.html|publisher=ExPASy|accessdate=13 August 2015}}

Cryptosporidium, a genus of Apicomplexan parasites, is known to cause human diarrheal

illness. A bi-segmented dsRNA virus linked with Cryptosporidium was discovered and

found to have similarities with picobirnaviruses and partitiviruses. This discovery led to the

identification of a distinct virus called Cryptosporidium parvum virus 1 (CSpV1). It was

suggested to be the sole partitivirus found in a protozoan host. Based on this, a new genus

named Cryspovirus was proposed within the Partitiviridae family, which was subsequently

approved by the ICTV Executive Committee in 2009. CSpV1, also known as Cryspovirus, is

believed to be transmitted intracellularly through Cryptosporidium oocysts and is linked with

persistent, mostly non-virulent infections. The virus features isometric virions and has a genome

composed of two separate dsRNA molecules encoding RdRp and CP. Notably, the CP of

CSpV1 is smaller than that of other partitiviruses, indicating a unique capsid structure.

Biologically, CSpV1 appears to be primarily transmitted through intracellular methods and is

associated with non-aggressive infections. Its impact on altering Cryptosporidium's

pathogenicity remains to be fully understood. CSpV1 exhibits unique genomic and coding

characteristics, with its dsRNA segments having distinct nucleotide sequences (often detected

via PCR). The virus is believed to employ a non-standard mechanism for translation, and

conserved sequences at the 3′ ends of its dsRNAs might be involved in replication or packaging

processes. CSpV1 holds practical significance in the detection of Cryptosporidium in

contaminated water supplies and in the epidemiological monitoring of Cryptosporidium

infections. Adjou, K.T., Chevillot, A., Lucas, P. et al (2023). First identification of Cryptosporidium

parvum virus 1 (CSpV1) in various subtypes of Cryptosporidium parvum from diarrheic

calves, lambs and goat kids from France. Vet Res 54, 66.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-023-01196-4 Mark Jenkins, Celia O'Brien, Raymond Fetterer, Monica Santin (2016), RT-PCR specific

for Cryspovirus is a highly sensitive method for detecting Cryptosporidium parvum

oocysts, Food and Waterborne Parasitology, Volume 5, Pages 14-20, ISSN 2405-6766,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fawpar.2015.11.001. Nibert, M. L., Woods, K. M., Upton, S. J., & Ghabrial, S. A. (2009). Cryspovirus: a new

genus of protozoan viruses in the family Partitiviridae. Archives of virology, 154(12),

1959–1965. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-009-0513-7 Vong, M., Ludington, J. G., Ward, H. D., & Nibert, M. L. (2017). Complete cryspovirus

genome sequences from Cryptosporidium parvum isolate Iowa. Archives of virology,

162(9), 2875–2879. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3385-2