Partitiviridae

{{Virusbox

| taxon = Partitiviridae

| image = Emd-5161.jpg

| image_caption = CryoEM of Penicillium stoloniferum virus S capsid, {{PDBe|EMD-5161}}{{Cite journal

| last1 = Tang | first1 = J.

| last2 = Pan | first2 = J.

| last3 = Havens | first3 = W. M.

| last4 = Ochoa | first4 = W. F.

| last5 = Guu | first5 = T. S. Y.

| last6 = Ghabrial | first6 = S. A.

| last7 = Nibert | first7 = M. L.

| last8 = Tao | first8 = Y. J.

| last9 = Baker | first9 = T. S.

| author-link6=Said Ghabrial

| doi = 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.04.058

| title = Backbone Trace of Partitivirus Capsid Protein from Electron Cryomicroscopy and Homology Modeling

| journal = Biophysical Journal

| volume = 99

| issue = 2

| pages = 685–694

| year = 2010

| pmid = 20643089

| pmc =2905076

| bibcode = 2010BpJ....99..685T

}}

| image2 = ODR.Partiti.Fig1.v1.png

| image2_caption = TEM of Penicillium stoloniferum virus S

| subdivision_ranks = Genera

| subdivision =

}}

Partitiviridae is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses.{{cite journal|last1=Vainio|first1=EJ|last2=Chiba|first2=S|last3=Ghabrial|first3=SA|last4=Maiss|first4=E|last5=Roossinck|first5=M|last6=Sabanadzovic|first6=S|last7=Suzuki|first7=N|last8=Xie|first8=J|last9=Nibert|first9=M|last10=Ictv Report|first10=Consortium|title=ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Partitiviridae.|journal=The Journal of General Virology|date=January 2018|volume=99|issue=1|pages=17–18|doi=10.1099/jgv.0.000985|pmid=29214972|pmc=5882087}} Plants, fungi, and protozoa serve as natural hosts. It has been suggested that they can also infect bacteria.{{cite bioRxiv |vauthors=Neri U, Wolf YI, Roux S, Camargo AP, Kazlauskas D, Min Chen I, Lee B, Ivanova N, Allen LZ, Paez-Espino D, Bryant DA, Bhaya D, Krupovic M, Dolja VV, Kyrpides NC, Koonin EV, Gophna U |title=A five-fold expansion of the global RNA virome reveals multiple new clades of RNA bacteriophages |date=17 February 2022 |biorxiv=10.1101/2022.02.15.480533}} The name comes from the Latin partitius, which means divided, and refers to the segmented genome of partitiviruses. The family contains five genera.{{cite web|title=ICTV Online Report Partitiviridae|url=http://www.ictv.global/report/partitiviridae}}{{cite web|title=Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release|url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy|publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|access-date=16 March 2025}}

Structure

File:Viruses-10-00481-g004-AB.png dimer]]

Viruses in the family Partitiviridae are non-enveloped with icosahedral geometries and T=1 symmetry.{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/168.html|access-date=15 June 2015|publisher=ExPASy}} The diameter of partitiviruses is around 25–43 nm.

Genome

File:ODR.Partiti.Fig2.v4.png

Partitiviruses have double-stranded RNA genomes divided into two genomic segments, and there may be additional subgenomic segments. The two genome segments are packaged in separate virus particles. They code for two separate proteins. The first segment codes for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and the second segment codes for the coat protein. The segments are around 1.4–3.0 kbp in length, while the total genome length is around 3.0–4.8 kbp.

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the double-stranded RNA virus replication model. Double-stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by cell-to-cell movement. Fungi and plants serve as the natural host. Cryspoviruses infect apicomplexian protozoa of the genus Cryptosporidium,Nibert ML, Woods KM, Upton SJ, Ghabrial SA (2009) Cryspovirus: a new genus of protozoan viruses in the family Partitiviridae. Arch Virol 154(12):1959–1965 while viruses of the other genera infect plants and fungi. It has been suggested that they can also infect bacteria.

Genus	Host details	Tissue tropism	Entry details	Release details	Replication site	Assembly site	Transmission
class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center"
Cryspovirus	Protists	None	Cell division; sporogenesis; hyphal anastomosis	Cell division; sporogenesis; hyphal anastomosis	Cytoplasm	Cytoplasm	Cell division; sporogenesis; hyphal anastomosis
Alphapartitivirus		None			Cytoplasm	Cytoplasm	Cell division
Deltapartitivirus	Plants	None	Viral movement; mechanical inoculation	Cell division	Cytoplasm	Cytoplasm	Cell division
Betapartitivirus		None			Cytoplasm	Cytoplasm	Cell division
Gammapartitivirus	Fungi	None	Cytoplasmic exchange; hyphal anastomosis	Cytoplasmic exchange; hyphal anastomosis	Cytoplasm	Cytoplasm	Cytoplasmic exchange; hyphal anastomosis

Phylogenetics

Based on the RNA polymerase gene this group can be divided into four clades (I-IV). Four isolates from animals and protozoans form a fifth clade. Clades I–IV consist of mixtures of partitivirus-like sequences from plants and fungi.Liu H, Fu Y, Xie J, Cheng J, Ghabrial SA, Li G, Yi X, Jiang D (2012) Discovery of Novel dsRNA Viral Sequences by In Silico Cloning and Implications for Viral Diversity, Host Range and Evolution. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e42147.

Taxonomy

File:ODR.Partiti.Fig4.v4.png

The family contains the following genera:

References

External links

[http://www.ictv.global/report/partitiviridae ICTV Online Report: Partitivirdae]
[http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/168.html Viralzone: Partitiviridae]

Category:Virus families

Category:Riboviria