Cumbres Pass
{{Short description|Mountain pass in Colorado, U.S.}}
{{Infobox mountain pass
| name = Cumbres Pass
| photo = Cumbres-Pass Switch 2012-10-24.JPG
| photo_caption = Cumbres Pass on October 24, 2012
| elevation_ft = 10022
| elevation_ref = {{cite gnis|id= 190848 |name=Cumbres Pass|accessdate=2011-02-04}}
| traversed = {{Jct|state=CO|SH|17}}, Cumbres & Toltec Scenic Railroad
| location = Conejos County, Colorado, U.S.
| range = San Juan Mountains
| coordinates = {{coord|37|01|14|N|106|27|00|W|display=inline,title|type:pass_region:US}}
| topo = USGS Cumbres
}}
Image:Cumbres station, CTSRR.jpg
Cumbres Pass, elevation {{convert|10022|ft|m|abbr=on}}, is a mountain pass in the San Juan Mountains in Colorado, United States. The pass is traversed by State Highway 17 and the Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad. The highway has a moderate 5.8% approach on the north side and a gentler, 4% approach on the south side. It is rarely closed in winter and does not normally cause problems for vehicles, since the road is not a major through highway.
Railroad
The railroad line was built in the early 1880s by the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad as part of its San Juan Extension from Alamosa to Durango, Colorado. The railroad has a steep (for a railroad) 4% grade approaching from the west, so additional helper locomotives were usually run (and often still are) on trains from Chama, New Mexico to Cumbres Pass. The facilities at the pass were built by the railroad to support the turning of the helper locomotives for their return to Chama, and provide water to locomotives after the climb. Some of the structures at the pass, including the station building, were demolished when the highway was realigned. Regular passenger service was provided by the San Juan Express, running from Alamosa to Durango, which was discontinued in 1951, although numerous rail-fan specials operated over the line until September 1967.Myrick, David, ‘’New Mexico’s Railroads, A Historic Survey’’, University of New Mexico Press 1990. {{ISBN|0-8263-1185-7}} Freight service on the line ended in 1968 and since 1970 the railroad from Chama to Antonito has been owned and operated by the Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad, which operates trains over the pass during the tourist season. The original section house, car inspectors house, and part of the old snowshed remain on Cumbres Pass and are maintained by the Friends of the Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad. At present, no one lives at the summit of Cumbres Pass, though when the railroad operated as a common carrier line, railroad personnel were stationed at the pass full-time.
Hiking
The Pass is on the Continental Divide Trail and represents a transition between states. Northbound hikers head toward Colorado's San Juan Mountain Wilderness while southbound hikers enter New Mexico's Carson National Forest.
Climate
Cumbres Trestle SNOTEL is a weather station near the summit of Monarch Pass. Cumbres Pass has a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc).
{{Weather box
|location = Cumbres Trestle, Colorado, 1991–2020 normals: 10040ft (3060m)
|single line = Yes
|Jan high F = 31.9
|Feb high F = 34.3
|Mar high F = 42.3
|Apr high F = 48.2
|May high F = 56.1
|Jun high F = 66.3
|Jul high F = 70.8
|Aug high F = 68.5
|Sep high F = 62.0
|Oct high F = 50.9
|Nov high F = 39.4
|Dec high F = 31.1
|year high F =
|Jan mean F = 20.4
|Feb mean F = 22.8
|Mar mean F = 29.4
|Apr mean F = 35.5
|May mean F = 43.5
|Jun mean F = 52.3
|Jul mean F = 57.3
|Aug mean F = 55.6
|Sep mean F = 49.4
|Oct mean F = 39.5
|Nov mean F = 28.5
|Dec mean F = 20.5
|year mean F =
|Jan low F = 9.0
|Feb low F = 11.2
|Mar low F = 16.6
|Apr low F = 22.8
|May low F = 30.8
|Jun low F = 38.4
|Jul low F = 43.8
|Aug low F = 42.7
|Sep low F = 36.9
|Oct low F = 28.0
|Nov low F = 17.5
|Dec low F = 9.9
|year low F =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 4.80
|Feb precipitation inch = 4.74
|Mar precipitation inch = 3.83
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.10
|May precipitation inch = 2.02
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.86
|Jul precipitation inch = 2.20
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.04
|Sep precipitation inch = 2.66
|Oct precipitation inch = 2.88
|Nov precipitation inch = 3.78
|Dec precipitation inch = 4.30
|year precipitation inch =
{{cite web
|url = https://xmacis.rcc-acis.org/
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = xmACIS2
|access-date = November 1, 2023
}}
|source 2 = NOAA (Precipitation)
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USS0006M22S&format=pdf
|title= Cumbres Trestle, Colorado 1991-2020 Monthly Normals
|access-date = November 1, 2023
}}
}}