Cupedidae

{{Short description|Family of beetles}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Triassic|Recent}}

| image = Tenomerga mucida01.jpg

| image_caption = Tenomerga mucida

| taxon = Cupedidae

| authority = Laporte, 1836

| subdivision_ranks = Genera

| subdivision = Adinolepis

Ascioplaga

Cupes

Distocupes

Paracupes

Priacma

Prolixocupes

Rhipsideigma

Tenomerga

}}

The Cupedidae are a small family of beetles, notable for the square pattern of "windows" on their elytra (hard forewings), which give the family their common name of reticulated beetles.{{cite book |first1=Arthur V. |last1=Evans |first2=James N. |last2=Hogue |chapter=Family Groups: Reticulated Beetles Cupedidae |title=Field Guide to Beetles of California |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FbUwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA51 |date=15 November 2006 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-24657-7 |pages=51–}}

The family consists of about 30 species in 9 genera, with a worldwide distribution. Many more extinct species are known, dating as far back as the Triassic. The family Ommatidae is considered a subfamily of Cupedidae by some authors, but ommatids have been found to more closely related to Micromalthidae in genomic analysis studies.{{Cite journal|last1=McKenna|first1=Duane D.|last2=Shin|first2=Seunggwan|last3=Ahrens|first3=Dirk|last4=Balke|first4=Michael|last5=Beza-Beza|first5=Cristian|last6=Clarke|first6=Dave J.|last7=Donath|first7=Alexander|last8=Escalona|first8=Hermes E.|last9=Friedrich|first9=Frank|last10=Letsch|first10=Harald|last11=Liu|first11=Shanlin|date=2019-12-03|title=The evolution and genomic basis of beetle diversity|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=116|issue=49|pages=24729–24737|doi=10.1073/pnas.1909655116|issn=0027-8424|pmc=6900523|pmid=31740605|doi-access=free|bibcode=2019PNAS..11624729M }}

These beetles tend to be elongated with a parallel-sided body, ranging in length from {{cvt|10|to|20|mm}}, with colors brownish, blackish, or gray. The larvae are wood-borers, typically living in fungus-infested wood, and sometimes found in wood construction. The larvae eat the fungus-infested dead wood or tree roots while the adults are believed to subsist on pollen and plant sap.{{Cite journal|last1=Jarzembowski|first1=Edmund A.|last2=Wang|first2=Bo|last3=Zheng|first3=Daran|date=2017-10-01|title=A new spiny reticulated beetle (Coleoptera: Cupedidae) from Cretaceous Burmese amber|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016787817300974|journal=Proceedings of the Geologists' Association|language=en|volume=128|issue=5|pages=798–802|doi=10.1016/j.pgeola.2017.07.003|bibcode=2017PrGA..128..798J |issn=0016-7878}}

Males of Priacma serrata (western North America) are notable for being strongly attracted to common household bleach. This suggests that compounds in bleach may resemble attractive compounds found by the beetle in nature.

Taxonomy

  • Adinolepis {{small|Neboiss, 1984}} – Australia
  • Ascioplaga {{small|Neboiss, 1984}} – New Caledonia, Australia
  • Cupes {{small|Fabricius, 1801}} – Europe, China, Paleogene; North America, Recent
  • Distocupes {{small|Neboiss, 1984}} – Australia
  • Paracupes {{small|Kolbe, 1898}} – South America
  • Priacma {{small|LeConte, 1874}} – Myanmar, Cretaceous; North America, Recent
  • Prolixocupes {{small|Neboiss, 1960}} – North America, South America
  • Rhipsideigma {{small|Neboiss, 1984}} – Madagascar, East Africa
  • Tenomerga {{small|Neboiss, 1984}} – East and Southeast Asia, New Guinea, North America, South Africa

= Fossil genera =

After Kirejtshuk, Nel and Kirejtshuk (2016).{{Cite journal|last1=Kirejtshuk|first1=A. G.|last2=Nel|first2=A.|last3=Kirejtshuk|first3=P. A.|date=October 2016|title=Taxonomy of the reticulate beetles of the subfamily Cupedinae (Coleoptera, Archostemata), with a review of the historical development|url=http://kmkjournals.com/journals/Inv_Zool/IZ_Index_Volumes/IZ_13/IZ_13_2_061_190_Kirejtshuk_et_al|journal=Invertebrate Zoology|language=ru|volume=13|issue=1|pages=61–190|doi=10.15298/invertzool.13.2.01|issn=1812-9250|doi-access=free}}

Notocupes, traditionally considered a member of Ommatidae, has been suggested to be more closely related to Cupedidae via cladistic analysis.{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Yan-Da |last2=Tihelka |first2=Erik |last3=Yamamoto |first3=Shûhei |last4=Newton |first4=Alfred F. |last5=Xia |first5=Fang-Yuan |last6=Liu |first6=Ye |last7=Huang |first7=Di-Ying |last8=Cai |first8=Chen-Yang |date=2023-08-22 |title=Mesozoic Notocupes revealed as the sister group of Cupedidae (Coleoptera: Archostemata) |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |volume=11 |doi=10.3389/fevo.2023.1015627 |issn=2296-701X|doi-access=free }}

References

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