Curtiss Fledgling
{{For|the later aircraft called Fledgling|Curtiss AT-9 Jeep}}
{{Infobox aircraft
|name= Model 48, Model 51, and N2C Fledgling
|image= File:Curtiss N2C-2 Naval Aviation Museum.jpg
|caption= A Curtiss N2C-2 at the National Museum of Naval Aviation
|type= Trainer
|manufacturer= Curtiss
|designer=
|first_flight= 1927
|introduction=
|retired=
|status=
|primary_user= United States Navy
|more_users= Curtiss Flying Service
|produced=
|number_built= c. 160
|variants= Curtiss Lark
Curtiss Carrier Pigeon
}}
The Curtiss Fledgling, known internally to Curtiss as the Model 48 and Model 51 is a trainer aircraft developed for the United States Navy in the late 1920s and known in that service as the N2C.
Design and development
The Fledgling was designed in response to a 1927 Navy requirement for a new primary trainer, and was selected after evaluation in competition with fourteen other submissions. The Fledgling was a conventional biplane design with two-bay, staggered wings of equal span braced with N-struts. The pilot and instructor sat in tandem, open cockpits, and the fixed tailskid undercarriage could be easily swapped for a large central pontoon and outrigger floats under the wings for seaplane training. The Navy ordered two batches of the Fledgling, each powered by different versions of the Wright Whirlwind engine, both of which were built under the Curtiss designation Model 48.
Believing the design to have commercial potential, Curtiss developed the Model 51 as a civil equivalent powered by the less powerful Curtiss Challenger engine. The company operated 109 of these aircraft in its own air taxi service, the Curtiss Flying Service during the 1930s. A number of these aircraft were experimentally fitted with the same Wright engines used in their military counterparts as the J-1 and J-2, but these were not produced in quantity. Another experimental variant, the reduced-wingspan Fledgling Junior was produced to the extent of a single prototype only. A number of Model 51s were exported to foreign military services for evaluation: four to Canada and one to Czechoslovakia, but these did not lead to any purchases. Curtiss also delivered at least seven N2C-1 kits to Turkey in 1933, as part of an agreement to produce the Curtiss Hawk Model 35 under licence in Turkey. These N2C-1s were used as trainers and liaison aircraft by the Turkish Air Force until 1945. At least one N2C-1 is thought to have been given to Iran as a gift from the Turkish Air Force.
Variants
File:Curtiss N2C-2 NAF drone 1938-39.jpg
File:Curtiss_XN2C-1_floatplane_Aero_Digest_April_1928.jpg
;Model 48
;;XN2C-1:Navy prototypes (3 built)
;;N2C-1:Navy version powered by Wright J-5 Whirlwind (31 built)
;;N2C-2:Navy version powered by Wright J-6-7 Whirlwind (20 built)
;Model 51
;;Fledgling:commercial version with Curtiss Challenger engine (109 built)
;;J-1:commercial version with Wright J-6-5 Whirlwind engine (four converted)
;;J-2:commercial version with Wright J-6-7 Whirlwind engine built to N2C-2 standard (two converted)
;Fledgling Junior:reduced wingspan version (one built)
;Fledgling Guardsman:convertible civil-military challenger powered versions.
;A-3:designation assigned by the United States Army Air Corp USAAC for use of the Fledgling as a radio-controlled target aircraft
Operators
;{{ARG}}
- Argentine Army Aviation Two aircraft.
;{{BRA}}
;{{flag|Canada|1921}}
- Four aircraft.
;{{COL}}
- Colombian Air Force Three aircraft.
;{{CZS}}
- One aircraft only.
;{{IRN}}
;{{PER}}
- Peru Air Force Three aircraft delivered August 25, 1933, C/N B-2, B-26 and B-39.
;{{flag|Turkey}}
;{{USA}}
- Curtiss Flying Service
- United States Navy
- United States Army
Aircraft on display
- C/N B-40, preserved as K-263, Museu Aeroespacial in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- C/N B-51, preserved as NC868N, Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum in McMinnville, Oregon
- C/N B-52, preserved as N271Y, Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome in Red Hook, New York
- C/N B-109, preserved as NC656M, Eagles Mere Air Museum in Eagles Mere, Pennsylvania
Specifications (N2C-1)
File:Curtiss_XN2C-1_3-view_Le_Document_aéronautique_November,1928.png
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Curtiss aircraft : 1907-1947{{cite book|last1=Bowers|first1=Peter M.|title=Curtiss aircraft : 1907-1947|date=1979|publisher=Putnam|location=London|isbn=0-370-10029-8|pages=200–205}}
|prime units?=imp
|crew=2
|length m=8.33
|span m=11.93
|height m=3.14
|wing area sqft=365
|aspect ratio=
|empty weight lb=2135
|gross weight lb=2832
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight lb=
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=Wright J-5
|eng1 type=9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine
|eng1 hp=220
|prop blade number=2
|prop name=fixed pitch propeller
|prop dia m=
|prop dia ft=
|prop dia in=
|prop dia note=
|max speed mph=108.7
|cruise speed mph=87
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed kts=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed kts=
|never exceed speed note=
|range miles=366
|ferry range km=
|ferry range miles=
|ferry range nmi=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=
|ceiling ft=15100
|g limits=
|roll rate=
|climb rate ftmin=695
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass=
|thrust/weight=
|more performance=
}}
References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
- {{cite journal |last1=Andersson|first1=Lennart|title=Histoire de l'aéronautique persane, 1921–1941: La première aviation du Chah d'Iran |journal=Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire |date=July 1998 |issue=76 |pages=2–12 |trans-title=History of the Persian Air Force, 1921–1941: The First Aircraft of the Shah of Iran |language=French |issn=1243-8650}}
- {{cite magazine|last=Hagedorn|first=Dan|title=Curtiss Types in Latin America|magazine=Air Enthusiast|date=March–May 1992|issue=45 |pages=61–77 |issn=0143-5450}}
Further reading
- {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London |page=282 }}
- {{cite book |title=World Aircraft Information Files |publisher=Bright Star Publishing|location=London |pages=File 891 Sheet 49 }}
External links
{{commons category|Curtiss N2C Fledgling}}
- [http://oldrhinebeck.org/ORA/curtiss-fledgling/ Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome's Curtiss Fledgling page]
{{Curtiss aircraft}}
{{USN trainer aircraft}}
{{US unmanned aircraft}}
Category:1920s United States military trainer aircraft
Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft