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Cuzco Quechua language

{{Short description|Southern Quechua dialect of Cuzco, Peru}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Cuzco Quechua

| nativename = {{lang|quz|Qusqu runasimi}}

| states = Peru

| speakers = {{circa|1.5}} million

| date = 1989–2002

| ref = e25

| familycolor = Quechuan

| fam1 = Quechuan

| fam2 = Quechua II

| fam3 = Southern Quechua

| lc1 = quz

| ld1 = Cusco

| lc2 = qve

| ld2 = Eastern Apurímac

| glotto = cusc1236

| glottoname = Cusco

| glottorefname = Cusco Quechua

| glotto2 = east2551

| glottoname2 = Eastern Apurímac

| glottorefname2 = Eastern Apurímac Quechua

}}

Cuzco Quechua ({{langx|qu|Qusqu qhichwa simi}}) is a dialect of Southern Quechua spoken in Cuzco and the Cuzco Region of Peru.

It is the Quechua variety used by the Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua in Cuzco, which also prefers the Spanish-based five-vowel alphabet.Nancy Hornberger & Kendall King, "Authenticity and Unification in Quechua Language Planning" Language, Culture and Curriculum 11 3 (1998): 390 - 410. http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1059&context=gse_pubs On the other hand, the official alphabet used by the ministry of education has only three vowels.Nonato Rufino Chuquimamani Valer. [http://portal.perueduca.edu.pe/Docentes/xtras/pdf/dicc_cusco.pdf Yachakuqkunapa Simi Qullqa - Qusqu-Qullaw Qhichwa Simipi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824235645/http://portal.perueduca.edu.pe/Docentes/xtras/pdf/dicc_cusco.pdf |date=2011-08-24 }} (Quechua-Quechua-Spanish dictionary). Lima: Ministerio de Educación, 2005.

Phonology

There is debate about whether Cuzco Quechua has five {{ipa|/a, e, i, o, u/}} or three vowel phonemes: {{ipa|/a, ɪ, ʊ/}}.{{Cite web|url=http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~saphon|title=SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories|website=linguistics.berkeley.edu|language=en|access-date=2018-08-10}} While historically Proto-Quechua clearly had just three vowel phonemes /*a, *ɪ, *ʊ/, and although some other Quechua varieties have an increased number of vowels as a result of phonological vowel length emergence or of monophthongization, the current debate about the Cuzco variety seems to be not phonological in matter but just orthographic.Adelaar, Willem F. H. (2014). [http://www.scripta.kr/scripta_v0010/?module=file&act=procFileDownload&file_srl=145268&sid=ac5249c6069fc598bf11ed42b44b2c4d The Andean three-vowel system and its effect on the development of a modern orthography for the Aimaran and Quechuan languages]. Scripta, 6, 33–46. Available at .

class="wikitable" style=text-align:center

! Phoneme!! IPA Phonetic realizations!!3-vowel alphabet!!5-vowel alphabet

{{IPA|/a/}}{{IPA|[æ, a, ɑ]}}aa
{{IPA|/ɪ/}}{{IPA|[i, ɪ, e, ɛ]}}ii [i, ɪ], e [e, ɛ]
{{IPA|/ʊ/}}{{IPA|[u, ʊ, o, ɔ]}}uu [u, ʊ], o [o, ɔ]

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+Consonants

! colspan="2" |

!Bilabial

!Alveolar

!Palatal

!Velar

!Uvular

!Glottal

rowspan="3" |Stop

!plain

|{{ipa|p}}

|{{ipa|t}}

|{{ipa|t͡ʃ}}

|{{ipa|k}}

|{{ipa|q}}

|

aspirated

|{{ipa|pʰ}}

|{{ipa|tʰ}}

|{{ipa|t͡ʃʰ}}

|{{ipa|kʰ}}

|{{ipa|qʰ}}

|

ejective

|{{ipa|pʼ}}

|{{ipa|tʼ}}

|{{ipa|t͡ʃʼ}}

|{{ipa|kʼ}}

|{{ipa|qʼ}}

|

colspan="2" |Fricative

|

|{{ipa|s}}

|{{ipa|ʃ}}

|{{ipa|x}}

|{{ipa|χ}}

|{{ipa|h}}

colspan="2" |Nasal

|{{ipa|m}}

|{{ipa|n}}

|{{ipa|ɲ}}

|

|

|

rowspan="2" |Approximant

!plain

|

|

|{{ipa|j}}

|{{ipa|w}}

|

|

lateral

|

|{{ipa|l}}

|{{ipa|ʎ}}

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Flap

|

|ɾ

|

|

|

|

Grammar

=Pronouns=

class="wikitable"

!{{Cite web |date=2019-12-23 |title=Personal pronouns in Quechua Cusco |url=https://quechualanguage.com/vocabulary/personal-pronouns-in-quechua/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422030524/https://quechualanguage.com/vocabulary/personal-pronouns-in-quechua/ |archive-date=2020-04-22 |access-date=2020-03-05 |website=Quechua Language}}

!Cuzco Quechua

!Northern Quechua

!Ancash Quechua

|English

1º

|{{lang|quz|noqa/ñoqa}}

|{{lang|qu|ñuka}}

|{{lang|qu|nuqa}}

|I

2º

|{{lang|quz|qan}}

|{{lang|qu|kan}}

|{{lang|qu|qam}}

|you

3º

|{{lang|quz|pay}}

|{{lang|qu|pay}}

|{{lang|qu|pay}}

|he, she, it

4º

|{{lang|quz|noqanchis/ñoqanchis}}

|{{lang|qu|ñukanchik (ñukapash kanpash)}}

|{{lang|qu|nuqantsik}}

|we (inclusive)

5º

|{{lang|quz|noqayku/ñoqayku}}

|{{lang|qu|ñukanchik (shinapash mana kan/kikin)}}

|{{lang|qu|nuqakuna}}

|we (exclusive)

6º

|{{lang|quz|qankuna}}

|{{lang|qu|qamkuna}}

|{{lang|qu|qamkuna}}

|you (plural)

7º

|{{lang|quz|paykuna}}

|{{lang|qu|paykuna}}

|{{lang|qu|paykuna}}

|they

=Nouns=

class="wikitable"

|+Examples using the word {{Lang|quz|wasi}} 'house'

! colspan="2" |Function

!Suffix

!Example

!Translation

Suffix indicating number

|Plural

| {{lang|quz

kuna}}

|{{lang|quz|wasikuna}}

|houses

rowspan="7" |Possessive suffix

|1st person singular

| {{lang|quz

y}}

|{{lang|quz|wasiy}}

|my house

2nd person singular

| {{lang|quz

yki}}

|{{lang|quz|wasiyki}}

|your house

3rd person singular

| {{lang|quz

n}}

|{{lang|quz|wasin}}

|his/her/its house

1st person plural (incl.)

| {{lang|quz

nchis}}

|{{lang|quz|wasinchis}}

|our house (incl.)

1st person plural (excl.)

| {{lang|quz

y-ku}}

|{{lang|quz|wasiyku}}

|our house (excl.)

2nd person plural

| {{lang|quz

yki-chis}}

|{{lang|quz|wasiykichis}}

|your (pl.) house

3rd person plural

| {{lang|quz

n-ku}}

|{{lang|quz|wasinku}}

|their house

rowspan="19" |Suffixes indicating case

|nominative

|–

|{{lang|quz|wasi}}

|the house (subj.)

accusative

| {{lang|quz

(k)ta}}

|{{lang|quz|wasita}}

|the house (obj.)

instrumental

| {{lang|quz

wan}}

|{{lang|quz|wasiwan}}

|with the house, and the house

abessive

| {{lang|quz

naq}}

|{{lang|quz|wasinaq}}

|without the house

dative

| {{lang|quz

paq}}

|{{lang|quz|wasipaq}}

|to the house

genitive

| {{lang|quz

q/-pa}}

|{{lang|quz|wasiq}}

|of the house

causative

| {{lang|quz

rayku}}

|{{lang|quz|wasirayku}}

|because of the house

benefactive

| {{lang|quz

paq}}

|{{lang|quz|wasipaq}}

|for the house

locative

| {{lang|quz

pi}}

|{{lang|quz|wasipi}}

|at the house

directional

| {{lang|quz

man}}

|{{lang|quz|wasiman}}

|towards the house

inclusive

| {{lang|quz

piwan}}, {{lang|quz|puwan}}

|{{lang|quz|wasipiwan}}, {{lang|quz|wasipuwan}}

|including the house

terminative

| {{lang|quz

kama}}, {{lang|quz
yaq}}

|{{lang|quz|wasikama}}, {{lang|quz|wasiyaq}}

|up to the house

transitive

| {{lang|quz

(rin)ta}}

|{{lang|quz|wasinta}}

|through the house

ablative

| {{lang|quz

manta}}, {{lang|quz
piqta}}

|{{lang|quz|wasimanta}}, {{lang|quz|wasipiqta}}

|off/from the house

comitative

| {{lang|quz

(ni)ntin}}

|{{lang|quz|wasintin}}

|along with the house

immediate

| {{lang|quz

raq}}

|{{lang|quz|wasiraq}}

|first the house

intrative

| {{lang|quz

pura}}

|{{lang|quz|wasipura}}

|among the houses

exclusive

| {{lang|quz

lla(n)}}

|{{lang|quz|wasilla(n)}}

|only the house

comparative

| {{lang|quz

naw}}, {{lang|quz
hina}}

|{{lang|quz|wasinaw}}, {{lang|quz|wasihina}}

|like the house

=Adjectives=

{{empty section|date=July 2023}}

=Verbs=

{{empty section|date=July 2023}}

See also

References

{{reflist}}

External links

  • [http://www.illa-a.org/cd/diccionarios/DicAMLQuechua.pdf Simi Taqe Qheswa - Español - Qheswa (Qheswa simi hamut'ana kuraq suntur), Qosqo, Peru, 2006] (pdf 3,8 MB). Dictionary of the AMLQ: Cusco-Quechua - Spanish, Spanish - Cusco-Quechua.
  • [https://ailla.utexas.org/islandora/search/ailla:119577?type=dismax Collections in the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America]

{{Quechuan languages}}

{{Languages of Peru}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Languages of Peru

Category:Southern Quechua

{{indigenousAmerican-lang-stub}}