Cyclone Roanu

{{storm path|Roanu 2016 track.png}}

Under the influence of a trough, a low-pressure area formed over the Bay of Bengal on 14 May.{{cite web|title=Tropical Weather Outlook |url=http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/bulletin/rsmc.pdf |publisher=India Meteorological Department |access-date=14 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305134017/http://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/bulletin/rsmc.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 }}{{cite web|title=All India Weather Summary and Forecast Bulletin, Night of 14 May 2016. |url=http://imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/allindianew.pdf |publisher=India Meteorological Department |access-date=14 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331164317/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/allindianew.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2016 }} It slowly consolidated as it paralleled the east coast of Sri Lanka, prompting the India Meteorological Department (IMD) to classify it as a depression on 17 May.{{cite web|last1=Yadav |first1=B. P. |title=Special Tropical Outlook for the North Indian Ocean issued at 0600 UTC of 17 May 2016. |url=http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/bulletin/rsmc.pdf |publisher=India Meteorological Department |access-date=17 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305134017/http://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/bulletin/rsmc.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 }} Late the same day, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA), soon after which the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm.{{cite web|title=Current Significant Tropical Weather Advisories ABIO10 (Indian Ocean) reissued at 18 May 2016, 0030 UTC |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/ABIO10-PGTW_201605180030.htm |publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |access-date=18 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6haRFWdIA?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/ABIO10-PGTW_201605180030.htm |archive-date=18 May 2016 }}{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone 01B (One) Warning #01 Issued on 18 May 2016 at 0900 UTC. |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio51.pgtw..txt |publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |access-date=18 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429050101/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio51.pgtw..txt |archive-date=29 April 2016 }} Simultaneously, the IMD upgraded the storm to a Deep Depression, prompting the issuance of cyclone warnings for the states of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha.{{cite web|author1=B.P. Yadav |title=Deep Depression BOB 01 Warning Bulletin 5 issued on 18 May 2016. |url=http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/cyclone_pdfs/indian_1463580122.pdf |publisher=India Meteorological Department |access-date=18 May 2016 |archive-date=21 May 2016 |page=1 |date=18 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521104243/http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/cyclone_pdfs/indian_1463580122.pdf }} On 19 May, the IMD reported that the storm had reached cyclonic storm intensity, and assigned it the name Roanu.{{cite web|last1=Kotal |first1=S. D. |title=Cyclonic Storm Roanu, Bulletin No. 9 issued at 0300 UTC, 19 May 2016. |url=http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/bulletin/indian.pdf |publisher=India Meteorological Department |access-date=19 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116123614/http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/bulletin/indian.pdf |archive-date=16 November 2015 }}

At the time, Roanu was tracking slowly northward along the northern periphery of a subtropical ridge located over the Malay Peninsula. Despite favorable outflow and warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs) reaching {{convert|31|C|F|abbr=on}}, its proximity to land and moderate vertical wind shear kept the storm from intensifying rapidly.{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone 01B (Roanu) Warning #04 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201605190300.htm |publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Centre |access-date=19 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6hcWCzlVq?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201605190300.htm |archive-date=19 May 2016 }} The diurnal temperature variation over land and the persistent wind shear began to affect the deep convection obscuring the low-level circulation center (LLCC). In the late hours of that day, Roanu showed a weakening trend after most of the convection covering the LLCC was sheared off. During that time, Roanu was located approximately {{convert|150|km|mi}} from Visakhapatnam. However, the wind shear soon decreased,{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone 01B (Roanu) Warning #07 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Centre |access-date=19 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429050139/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |archive-date=29 April 2016 }} and the storm reestablished deep convection over and around the LLCC, forming a central dense overcast in a period of 6 hours. SSMIS imagery revealed tightly curved rainbands wrapped into the LLCC.{{cite web|url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |title=Tropical Cyclone 01B (Roanu) Warning #06 |publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |access-date=19 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429050139/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |archive-date=29 April 2016 }} As a result, Roanu re-intensified as it accelerated east-northeastwards towards the coast of Bangladesh,{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone 01B (Roanu) Warning #08 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |access-date=20 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429050139/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |archive-date=29 April 2016 }} and reached its peak intensity with winds of {{convert|85|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}} and a minimum central pressure of 983 hPa (mbar; 29.03 inHg).{{cite web|last1=Mohapatra |first1=M |title=Tropical Storm Roanu Advisory No. 17 issued at 0900 UTC of 21 May 2016. |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/RSMC_201605211000.pdf |publisher=India Meteorological Department |access-date=23 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6hj5MHmnL?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/RSMC_201605211000.pdf |archive-date=23 May 2016 }} On 21 May, Roanu made landfall just northwest of Chittagong, Bangladesh.{{cite web|last1=Mohapatra |first1=M |title=Tropical Storm Roanu Advisory No. 16 issued at 1500 UTC of 21 May 2016. |url=http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/bulletin/rsmc.pdf |publisher=India Meteorological Department |access-date=21 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305134017/http://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/bulletin/rsmc.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 }} {{citation needed span|Continuing to accelerate inland, Roanu steadily weakened and degenerated into a remnant low on the next day.|date=December 2016}}

{{Main|2016 Sri Lankan floods}}

File:BOB 01 2016-05-15 0530Z.jpg

Preparations for the storm began even before the IMD started tracking it as a depression. As the area of low pressure tracked closer to the country, the Meteorology Department of Sri Lanka issued a warning on 13 May stating that the disturbance would affect the country. Fishermen were advised to be vigilant.{{cite web|title=Met Dept issues bad weather warning|url=http://www.news.lk/news/business/item/13329-met-dept-issues-bad-weather-warning|publisher=The Official Government News Portal of Sri Lanka|access-date=19 May 2016}} Later, The National Building Research Organisation (NBRO) issued landslide warning in the districts of Badulla, Monaragala, Kandy, Ratnapura, Kurunegala, Nuwara Eliya, Kegalle and Matale.{{cite web|title=Landslide warning as heavy rains lash island|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/?q=2016/05/16/local/81821|publisher=The Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Ltd.|access-date=19 May 2016}} President Maithripala Sirisena instructed the local authorities to provide relief to those affected by the system. The Minister Of Disaster Management, Defense Secretary, Tri Forces' Commanders and the Inspector General Of Police were instructed to undertake the operation.{{cite web|title=Sri Lankan President Calls For Heavy Rains|url=https://www.cihan.com.tr/en/sri-lanka-colombo-heavy-rain-disaster-2075124.htm|publisher=Cihan News Agency|access-date=19 May 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160522194320/https://www.cihan.com.tr/en/sri-lanka-colombo-heavy-rain-disaster-2075124.htm|archive-date=22 May 2016|url-status=dead}}

Sri Lankan Disaster Management Centre (DMC) issued a flood alert on 16 May as the low-pressure area brought heavy rains to the country. The Kelani River and Maha Oya swelled as a result of the rainfall.{{cite web|title=Sri Lanka on alert for floods, landslides|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/Sri-Lanka-on-alert-for-floods-landslides/articleshow/52290075.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=19 May 2016}} The depression brought torrential rains to Sri Lanka, causing flash flooding and landslides, resulting in 37 deaths. Additionally, the storm displaced over 134,000 people.{{cite web|title=12 die in Sri Lanka flash floods, several missing|work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/12-die-in-Sri-Lanka-flash-floods-several-missing/articleshow/52309353.cms|publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. (The Times of India)|access-date=17 May 2016}} By 26 May, the death toll had risen to 104, while 99 people had been reported missing.{{cite news|author=Nalaka Gunawardene |url=https://www.scidev.net/global/disasters/columns/cyclone-roanu-sri-lankan-disaster.html|title=Cyclone Roanu exposed Sri Lankan disaster response gaps|publisher=SciDev.Net|date=16 June 2016|access-date=16 June 2016}} The Sri Lankan Disaster Management Centre said that areas of the nation received the highest amount of rainfall since 2010. Landslides buried three villages in Kegalle District.{{cite web|last1=Perera|first1=Amantha|title=200 families missing as Sri Lankan landslides bury three villages|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/18/sri-lanka-hundreds-of-families-missing-after-landslide-buries-three-villages|work=The Guardian|date=18 May 2016 |access-date=18 May 2016}}

Damage throughout Sri Lanka reached US$2 billion.

File:Cyclonic Storm Roanu Affected Overcast Sky - Salt Lake City - Kolkata 2016-05-20 3962.JPG over Kolkata.]]

Parts of Chennai and Tamil Nadu received between {{convert|93|mm|in|abbr=on}} and {{convert|116.0|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain in a period of 24 hours.{{cite web|last1=Karthikeyan|first1=Hemalatha|title=Depression moving away, but Chennai will continue to get rain on Wednesday|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Depression-moving-away-but-Chennai-will-continue-to-get-rain-on-Wednesday/articleshow/52321302.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=18 May 2016|date=18 May 2016}} Kelambakkam, Chennai, received 226 mm of rainfall on 19 May.{{cite web|url=http://www.maalaimalar.com/News/District/2016/05/18113507/1012762/226-mm-rain-in-kelambakkam.vpf |title=Maalaimalar News: 226 mm rain in kelambakkam |publisher=Maalaimalar.com |date=2016-05-18 |access-date=2016-05-23}} Later reports indicated that the city had received the highest rainfall in the month of May in over 2 decades.{{cite web|last1=Shekhar|first1=Laasya|title=Chennai records 11.7cm of rainfall breaking a two-decade-old record.|date=19 May 2016 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/190516/chennai-heaves-sigh-of-relief-as-storm-veers.html|publisher=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=19 May 2016}} 12,000 personnel were deployed in the city to aid rescue operations. Multiple boats were stationed around the city for emergency rescue. In the low-lying areas, the National Disaster Response Force positioned 4 teams of personnel. An emergency number (1070) was set up.{{cite web|title=Chennai rains: Authorities keep boats on standby after heavy rain|url=http://www.newsnation.in/article/131591-chennai-rains-authorities-keep-boats-on-standby-after-heavy-rain.html|publisher=News Nation|access-date=19 May 2016}} The IMD put the states of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha on an orange alert (the second highest level of emergency in India) on 19 May. The city of Kakinada recorded {{convert|174|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain in a day, the highest reported in the past 10 years. Bapatla reported {{convert|134|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain. Visakhapatnam District, Vizianagaram District and Srikakulam District were also affected by rains and were forecast to receive up to {{convert|210|mm|in|abbr=on}} by 21 May.{{cite web|author1=Srinivasa Rao Apparasu|author2=Priya Ranjan Sahu|author3=Hindustan Times|title=Andhra, Odisha on high alert as cyclone Roanu set to hit coast|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/andhra-odisha-on-high-alert-as-cyclone-roanu-set-to-hit-coast/story-HCcHAg7YWGDo7ent3XG5zI.html|work=The Hindu|date=19 May 2016 |access-date=19 May 2016}} Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh N. Chandrababu Naidu positioned 5 teams, each consisting of 100 personnel, in Krishna, East Godavari and Visakhapatnam districts.{{cite news|title=Cyclone Roanu drops anchor off A.P.|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/cyclone-roanu-drops-anchor-off-ap/article8622708.ece|work=The Hindu|date=19 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2016}}

Under the influence of the system, various places in Odisha received moderate to heavy rainfall. The reported rainfall was {{convert|96|mm|in|abbr=on}} in Paradip and {{convert|85|mm|in|abbr=on}} in Puri. Chief Minister of Odisha Naveen Patnaik readied 10 teams of Odisha Disaster Rapid Action Force and fire service personnel. Government of Odisha issued an alert in at least 12 districts in coastal, southern and northern regions of the state. The maximum temperature in Bhubaneshwar on 20 May was {{convert|26.2|C|F}}{{cite web|title=Cyclone 'Roanu' 50 km off Odisha coast; rains, winds disrupt life|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/cyclone-roanu-50-km-off-odisha-coast-rains-winds-disrupt-life/239612.html|publisher=The Tribune Trust|access-date=20 May 2016}} compared to the average daily maximum temperature of {{convert|37.2|C|F}} for the month of May.{{Cite FTP |url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/IN/42971.TXT |server = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title = Bhubaneshwar Climate Normals 1971–1990 |access-date = 24 December 2012}} In West Bengal, Digha received {{convert|73|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rainfall and Sagar Island received {{convert|96|mm|in|abbr=on}} as the cyclone inched closer.{{cite web|title=West Bengal begins facing wrath of Cyclone Roanu|url=http://www.skymetweather.com/content/weather-news-and-analysis/west-bengal-to-face-wrath-of-cyclone-roanu/|publisher=Skymet Weather Services Pvt. Ltd.|access-date=20 May 2016}}

File:Roanu 2016-05-21 0830Z animated.gif

Before the cyclone made landfall, over half a million people had been taken into shelters by the Government of Bangladesh.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36351574|title=Cyclone Roanu: Half a million flee in Bangladesh|work=BBC News |date=21 May 2016 |access-date=2016-05-22}} All flights at Shah Amanat International Airport were suspended. Restrictions were imposed on the movement of ships and ferries by Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority.

A storm surge up to 7 ft (2.0 m) above the astronomical tide hit the coast of Bangladesh at afternoon.{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/05/deaths-cyclone-roanu-pounds-bangladesh-160521135642512.html|title=Half a million flee as Cyclone Roanu hits Bangladesh|website=Aljazeera|access-date=2016-05-22}}

The cyclone approached the land over the coast at Sandwip, Hatia, Kutubdia, Sitakundu and Feni.{{cite news |title=Cyclone Roanu makes landfall at Chittagong coast |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2016/05/21/cyclone-roanu-makes-landfall-at-chittagong-coast |newspaper=bdnews24.com |access-date=2016-05-22}} The cyclone caused at least 26 deaths in seven districts across the country.{{cite news |title=Bangladesh avoids high death toll with cyclone evacuation |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/world/Bangladesh-avoids-high-death-toll-with-cyclone-evacuation/2016/05/23/article3447246.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524113339/http://www.newindianexpress.com/world/Bangladesh-avoids-high-death-toll-with-cyclone-evacuation/2016/05/23/article3447246.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 May 2016 |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=23 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016}} 30 people died when Roanu hit the county, most of them died when the cyclone's storm surge overtopped dams.{{cite news |author=Saleemul Huq |title=Cyclone Roanu hits Bangladesh: a story of loss and damage avoided |url=https://www.iied.org/cyclone-roanu-hits-bangladesh-story-loss-damage-avoided |newspaper=International Institute for Environment and Development |date=27 May 2016 |access-date=27 May 2016}} Around 40,000 homesteads and business houses were damaged.{{cite news |title=20 killed, 500,000 evacuated as Cyclone Roanu hits Bangladesh |url=http://timesofoman.com/article/84287/World/Asia/20-killed-500000-evacuated-as-Cyclone-Roanu-hits-Bangladesh |work=Times of Oman |access-date=22 May 2016}}

The storm disrupted electricity supply and road communications in the areas.{{cite news |title=Vast destruction from cyclone in Bangladesh |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/cyclone-roanu-hits-bangladesh/3340106.html |work=VOA |access-date=2016-05-22}} Food storage, seasonal crops were damaged. Livestock, including fish and shrimp firms were swept away.{{cite web|url=http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201605250039.html|title=Deadly cyclone hits Sri Lanka, Bangladesh; aid urgently needed|website=The Asahi Shimbun|access-date=2016-05-25}} Damage across the nation were estimated at ৳10 billion (US$127 million).{{cite news|url=http://www.theindependentbd.com/printversion/details/44834|title=Roanu leaves behind a trail of damage|work=The Independent|date=24 May 2016|access-date=24 May 2016}}

Rescue operations began soon after the storm, on 18 May, with Sri Lankan military personnel searching for missing people in rural areas. 115 soldiers reportedly searched the villages buried by the landslides in attempt to find any survivors.{{cite web|title=Sri Lankan Soldiers Search for Survivors in Landslide-Devastated Village|url=http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=2412457&CategoryId=12395|work=Latin American Herald Tribune|access-date=19 May 2016|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309182346/http://www.laht.com/article.asp?CategoryId=12395&ArticleId=2412457|url-status=dead}} At least 50 people were rescued from the hardest-hit areas in the Kegalle District. However, another spell of heavy rain on 19 May disrupted the operations. Mud in some villages was reportedly as high as {{convert|75|ft|m|abbr=on}}.{{cite web|last1=Sirilal|first1=Ranga|title=Hopes fade for 150 feared buried in Sri Lanka landslides|url=http://www.euronews.com/newswires/3194569-sri-lankas-torrential-rains-drive-more-than-130000-from-homes/| work=Euronews| access-date=19 May 2016}} Major General Sudantha Ranasinghe, the officer in charge of the rescue operation, later told that the authorities had begun to give up the rescue operations. The death toll was confirmed to be 58.{{cite news|last1=Aneez|first1=Shihar|title=Hopes fade for over 130 feared buried in Sri Lanka landslides|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sri-lanka-floods-idUSKCN0YA0P7|work=Reuters|date=19 May 2016 |access-date=19 May 2016}} By the evening of 19 May, rescuers feared that the remaining 134 people missing were dead.{{cite news|work=BBC|date=19 May 2016|access-date=19 May 2016|title=Sri Lanka mudslide: Army fears 134 missing are dead|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36328863}} On 20 May, the Indian Navy Southern Naval Command sent its ships {{ship|INS|Sunayna}} and {{ship|HMIS|Sutlej|U95|6}} with relief material to the capital city, Colombo.{{cite web|title=Cyclone ROANU: Indian naval ships rush to Sri Lanka with relief materials| url= http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/cyclone-roanu-indian-naval-ships-rush-to-sri-lanka-with-relief-materials-2810161/ |work= The Indian Express| date= 20 May 2016 | access-date=20 May 2016}} Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs Julie Bishop pledged assistance to Sri Lanka, saying "The Australian Government stands ready to provide any assistance that our Sri Lankan friends may require in responding to this disaster."{{cite web| title=Australia offers assistance to Sri Lanka following the natural disaster| url=http://www.colombopage.com/archive_16A/May20_1463712513CH.php| publisher=Colombo Page| access-date=20 May 2016| archive-date=19 November 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119132505/http://www.colombopage.com/archive_16A/May20_1463712513CH.php| url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=Australia ready to help Sri Lanka following damaging landslides, floods: Aust'n FM| url= http://www.dailynews.lk/?q=2016/05/20/political/82305| publisher=The Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Ltd.| access-date=20 May 2016}} Pakistan's Government also sent field hospital and relief materials.{{cite web| title=Pakistan sends field hospital, relief items |url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/109841/Pakistan-sends-field-hospital-relief-items| work=Daily Mirror| access-date=22 May 2016}} As the search operations resumed that day, rescuers continued recovering bodies of those buried in the landslides which also reportedly destroyed 66 houses in Elangapitiya.{{cite web| agency=The Associated Press| title=Search resumes in rain for missing in Sri Lankan landslide| url= http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0002960806| work=Japan News| access-date=20 May 2016}} 200,000 people had to escape from the low-lying areas of Colombo on rubber dinghies and makeshift rafts. A total of 101 deaths and 100 missing persons have been reported.{{cite web|url=https://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/31688143/sri-lanka-rain-death-toll-hits-101-as-waters-recede/|title=Sri Lanka rain death toll hits 101 as waters recede|date=25 May 2016|publisher=Yahoo7|access-date=26 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525135306/https://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/31688143/sri-lanka-rain-death-toll-hits-101-as-waters-recede/|archive-date=25 May 2016|url-status=dead}} The Sri Lanka national cricket team donated {{Currency| 1000000| LKR}} ({{Currency|{{To USD| 1000000| LKA|year=2016|round=yes}}}}) to the victims of Roanu.{{cite web| agency=Agence France-Presse| title=200,000 flee capital as Sri Lanka flood misery worsens| url= http://www.nst.com.my/news/2016/05/146816/200000-flee-capital-sri-lanka-flood-misery-worsens| work=New Straits Times Press | date=20 May 2016|access-date=20 May 2016}}

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• [http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc16/IO/01B.ROANU/ 01B.ROANU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711220804/https://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc16/IO/01B.ROANU/ |date=11 July 2021 }} from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory

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