Cyclopentylfentanyl
{{Short description|Opioid analgesic}}
{{Drugbox
| IUPAC_name = N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]cyclopentanecarboxamide
| image = Cyclopentylfentanyl Structure.svg
| image_class = skin-invert-image
| image2 = Cyclopentylfentanyl.png
| image_class2 = bg-transparent
| pregnancy_category =
| legal_AU =
| legal_CA = Schedule I
| legal_DE = NpSG
| legal_UK = Class A
| legal_US = Schedule I
| legal_status = Illegal in Sweden
| routes_of_administration =
| bioavailability =
| protein_bound =
| metabolism =
| elimination_half-life =
| excretion =
| CAS_number = 2088918-01-6
| ATC_prefix =
| ATC_suffix =
| PubChem = 126682248
| DrugBank_Ref =
| DrugBank =
| ChemSpiderID = 81367208
| ChEBI_Ref =
| ChEBI =
| UNII_Ref =
| UNII = 79NY29L78C
| C=25 | H=32 | N=2 | O=1
| molecular_weight =
| smiles = C1CCC(C1)C(=O)N(C2CCN(CC2)CCC3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4
| StdInChI = 1S/C25H32N2O/c28-25(22-11-7-8-12-22)27(23-13-5-2-6-14-23)24-16-19-26(20-17-24)18-15-21-9-3-1-4-10-21/h1-6,9-10,13-14,22,24H,7-8,11-12,15-20H2
| StdInChIKey = PEASFKSPITUZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| synonyms =
}}
Cyclopentylfentanyl is an opioid analgesic that is an analog of fentanyl and has been sold online as a designer drug, mainly in Sweden and other Scandinavian countries.{{cite journal | vauthors = Helander A, Bäckberg M, Signell P, Beck O | title = Intoxications involving acrylfentanyl and other novel designer fentanyls - results from the Swedish STRIDA project | journal = Clinical Toxicology | volume = 55 | issue = 6 | pages = 589–599 | date = July 2017 | pmid = 28349714 | doi = 10.1080/15563650.2017.1303141 | s2cid = 11978059 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Zawilska JB | title = An Expanding World of Novel Psychoactive Substances: Opioids | journal = Frontiers in Psychiatry | volume = 8 | pages = 110 | year = 2017 | pmid = 28713291 | pmc = 5492455 | doi = 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00110 | doi-access = free }}
Side effects
Side effects of fentanyl analogs are similar to those of fentanyl itself, which include itching, nausea and potentially serious respiratory depression, which can be life-threatening. Fentanyl analogs have killed hundreds of people throughout Europe and the former Soviet republics since the most recent resurgence in use began in Estonia in the early 2000s, and novel derivatives continue to appear.{{cite journal | vauthors = Mounteney J, Giraudon I, Denissov G, Griffiths P | title = Fentanyls: Are we missing the signs? Highly potent and on the rise in Europe | journal = The International Journal on Drug Policy | volume = 26 | issue = 7 | pages = 626–631 | date = July 2015 | pmid = 25976511 | doi = 10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.04.003 }} A new wave of fentanyl analogues and associated deaths began in around 2014 in the US, and have continued to grow in prevalence; especially since 2016 these drugs have been responsible for hundreds of overdose deaths every week.{{cite journal | vauthors = Armenian P, Vo KT, Barr-Walker J, Lynch KL | title = Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: A comprehensive review | journal = Neuropharmacology | volume = 134 | issue = Pt A | pages = 121–132 | date = May 2018 | pmid = 29042317 | doi = 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.016 | s2cid = 21404877 | url = https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xh0s7nf | url-access = subscription }}
Legal status
Cyclopentylfentanyl was made illegal in Sweden in January 2017.[https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/nyheter-och-press/nyhetsarkiv/2017/januari/fem-nya-amnen-klassas-som-narkotika/ Fem nya ämnen klassas som narkotika. Publicerat 25 Januari 2017]
Cyclopentylfentanyl is a Schedule I controlled drug in the USA since 1 February 2018.{{cite news|title=Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Seven Fentanyl-Related Substances in Schedule I|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/02/01/2018-02008/schedules-of-controlled-substances-temporary-placement-of-seven-fentanyl-related-substances-in|newspaper=Federal Register|date=1 February 2018}}