Login
Login

Cynanchum

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants in the dogbane family Apocynaceae}}

{{Automatic taxobox

|image = Cynanchum aphyllum.JPG

|image_caption = In the foreground, Cynanchum aphyllum

|display_parents = 2

|taxon = Cynanchum

|authority = L.

|subdivision_ranks = Species

|subdivision = 262, see text

|synonyms = {{collapsible list |

  • Adelostemma Hook.f.
  • Ampelamus {{small|Raf.}}
  • Aphanostelma Schltr.
  • Bunburia Harv.
  • Cyathella Decne., non Brot., fungal name
  • Cynoctonum E.Mey. , nom. illeg.
  • Decanemopsis Costantin & Gallaud
  • Dicarpophora Speg.
  • Drepanostemma Jum. & H.Perrier
  • Enslenia {{small|Nutt., nom. illeg.}}
  • Exostegia Bojer ex Decne.
  • Flanagania Schltr.
  • Folotsia Costantin & Bois
  • Gilgia Pax
  • Glossonema Decne.
  • Graphistemma (Chapm. ex Benth.) Champ. ex Benth.
  • Holostemma R.Br.
  • Karimbolea Desc.
  • Mahafalia Jum. & H.Perrier
  • Mastostigma Stocks
  • Mellichampia {{small|A.Gray ex S.Watson}}
  • Metalepis Griseb.
  • Metaplexis R.Br.
  • Monostemma Turcz.
  • Nematostemma Choux
  • Nematuris {{small|Turcz.}}
  • Odontanthera Wight
  • Pentarrhinum E.Mey.
  • Perianthostelma Baill.
  • Petalostemma R.Br., nom. nud.
  • Platykeleba N.E.Br.
  • Prosopostelma Baill.
  • Psanchum Neck., opus utique oppr.
  • Pycnoneurum Decne.
  • Raphistemma Wall.
  • Rhodostegiella {{small|(Pobed.) C.Y.Wu & D.Z.Li}}
  • Roulinia Decne., nom. illeg.
  • Rouliniella Vail
  • Sarcocyphula Harv.
  • Sarcostemma R.Br.
  • Sarmasikia Bubani
  • Schizocorona F.Muell.
  • Seshagiria Ansari & Hemadri
  • Sichuania M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li
  • Steinheilia Decne.
  • Symphyoglossum Turcz.
  • Telminostelma E.Fourn.
  • Urostelma Bunge
  • Voharanga Costantin & Bois
  • Vohemaria Buchenau
  • Ziervoglia Neck.

}}

|synonyms_ref ={{cite web |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30401855-2#synonyms |title=Cynanchum L. |author= |date=2017 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=27 July 2023}}

}}

Cynanchum is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek kynos (meaning "dog") and anchein ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is dog-strangling vine. Most species are non-succulent climbers or twiners. There is some evidence of toxicity.{{cite web|url=http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cynanchum+atratum|title=Plants for a Future Database}}

Morphology

These plants are perennial herbs or subshrubs, often growing from rhizomes. The leaves are usually oppositely arranged and sometimes are borne on petioles. The inflorescences and flowers come in a variety of shapes.

Like other species of the milkweed family, these plants bear follicles, which are podlike dry fruits.

Distribution

These species are found throughout the tropics and subtropics. Several species also grow in temperate regions.

Importance

Species of the Cynanchum genus had traditional Chinese medicinal uses. The root of Cynanchum atratum is used in Chinese traditional medicine and called Bai wei (白薇). https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/白薇 Baishouwubenzophenone is used in Cynanchum wilfordii,{{Cite journal |last=Zhou |first=Zhixu |last2=Wang |first2=Zhiqiang |last3=Li |first3=Linwei |last4=Zhang |first4=Ke |last5=Peng |first5=Qing |last6=Wang |first6=Shuyun |last7=Wang |first7=Jinhui |last8=Huang |first8=Jian |last9=Sun |first9=Tiemin |date=2016 |title=The stereochemistry of baishouwubenzophenone, a unique atropisomer from C. wilfordii |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JMoSt1125..370Z/abstract |journal=Journal of Molecular Structure |language=en |volume=1125 |pages=370-373 |doi=10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.07.008}} Cynanchum auriculatum (now Vincetoxicum auriculatum),{{Cite journal |last=Sun |first=Yinshi |last2=Liu |first2=Zhengbo |last3=Wang |first3=Jianhua |last4=Xiang |first4=Lan |last5=Zhu |first5=Lixiang |date=2009 |title=Separation and Purification of Baishouwubenzophenone, 4-Hydroxyacetophenone and 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone from Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight by HSCCC |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1365/s10337-009-1107-y |journal=Chromatographia |language=en |volume=70 |issue=1-2 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.1365/s10337-009-1107-y |issn=0009-5893|url-access=subscription }} and Cynanchum bungei.{{Cite journal |last=Sun |first=Yinshi |last2=Lin |first2=Hongmei |last3=Wang |first3=Jianhua |last4=Hu |first4=Jiangning |last5=Liu |first5=Zhengbo |last6=Gao |first6=Aidong |date=2011 |title=An Application of High‐speed Counter‐current Chromatography for Separation and Purification of Bungeiside‐A, Bungeiside‐B and Baishouwubenzophenone from Cynanchum bungei Decne |url=https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pca.1313 |journal=Phytochemical Analysis |language=en |volume=22 |issue=6 |pages=526–531 |doi=10.1002/pca.1313 |issn=0958-0344|url-access=subscription }}

Classification

Cynanchum as defined in the late 20th century (to include about 400 species) is polyphyletic and is being broken up. Species are being moved to genera including Orthosia, Pentarrhinum, and Vincetoxicum, with a group of mostly Old World species staying in Cynanchum,{{cite web | url = http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm | title = Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, and Surrounding Areas | author = Alan S. Weakley | date = April 2008 | access-date = 2009-06-08 | archive-date = 2018-10-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181006082209/http://herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm | url-status = dead }}{{Cite journal | jstor = 3093924 | title = Circumscription of the Genus Cynanchum (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae) | author = Sigrid Liede and Angelika Tauber | journal = Systematic Botany | volume = 27 | issue = 4 | date = Oct–Dec 2002 | pages = 789–800 | doi = 10.1043/0363-6445-27.4.789 | doi-broken-date = 1 November 2024 }} and old genera such as Raphistemma brought to synonymy. Revision of the genus taxonomy in 2023 identified two new synonyms: Vincetoxicum sibiricum f. linearifolium, described from Shandong, China in 1877, but long neglected and Cynanchum gobicum, previously believed to be endemic to Mongolia.{{Cite journal | jstor = | title = A taxonomic revision of Cynanchum thesioides (Apocynaceae) with two new synonyms | author = Cai-Fei Zhang, Dong-Juan Zhang, Miao Liao, Guang-Wan Hu | journal = PhytoKeys | issue = 219 | date = 19 January 2023 | pages = 11–25 | doi = 10.3897/phytokeys.219.93514 | pmid = 37252452 | pmc = 10210048 | s2cid = 256161021 | doi-access = free }}

Species

{{As of|2023|February}}, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:{{cite web |url= http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30401855-2 |title= Cynanchum L.. |author= |date=n.d. |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=February 3, 2023}}

{{div col|colwidth=350px}}

{{div col end}}

;Former species

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

  • [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=108969 Cynanchum at Flora of China]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q285262}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Apocynaceae genera

Category:Plants described in 1753

Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus