DéFI

{{Infobox political party

| logo_size = 125

| colorcode = {{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}

| name = DéFI

| native_name =

| abbreviation = DéFI

| logo = DéFI logo 2015.png

| leader1_title = President

| leader1_name = Sophie Rohonyi

| foundation = 11 May 1964 ({{time ago|11 May 1964}})

| headquarters = Chaussée de Charleroi 127
1060 Brussels

| ideology = {{ubl|class=nowrap|

|Regionalism

|Liberalism (Belgian){{refn|}}

|Social liberalism

}}

| position = Centre to centre-right{{refn|{{Cite web | url=https://europeelects.eu/belgium/ | title=Belgium }}{{cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2014/10/07/kazakhgate-si-la-belgique-a-ete-utilisee-c-est-un-scandale-d-etat_4501746_3224.html|title=" Kazakhgate " : " Si la Belgique a été utilisée, c'est un scandale d'Etat "|newspaper=Le Monde.fr|date=7 October 2014}}{{cite book|author1=Collectif|author2=Petit Futé|author3=Dominique Auzias|author4=Jean-Paul Labourdette|title=Belgique 2014 Petit Futé (avec cartes, photos + avis des lecteurs)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JbjsAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA42|year=2014|publisher=Petit Futé|isbn=978-2-7469-7123-3|page=42}}{{cite web|url=http://www.cultures-sante.be/component/k2/item/256-les-couleurs-politiques-en-belgique.html|title=Les couleurs politiques en Belgique|publisher=Cultures&Santé}}}}

| international =

| national =

| european =

| europarl =

| seats1_title = Chamber of Representatives
(French-speaking seats)

| seats1 = {{Composition bar|1|61|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| seats2_title = Senate
(French-speaking seats)

| seats2 = {{Composition bar|0|24|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| seats3_title = Walloon Parliament

| seats3 = {{Composition bar|0|75|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| seats4_title = Parliament of the French Community

| seats4 = {{Composition bar|3|94|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| seats5_title = Brussels Parliament
(French-speaking seats)

| seats5 = {{Composition bar|10|72|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| seats6_title = European Parliament
(French-speaking seats)

| seats6 = {{Composition bar|0|8|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| colours = {{Color box|{{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}|border=darkgray}} Amaranth

| website = {{URL|http://www.defi.eu}}

| country = Belgium

}}

DéFI ({{IPA|fr|defi||LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-défi.wav}}), a backronym of Démocrate fédéraliste indépendant ({{IPA|fr|demɔkʁat fedeʁalist ɛ̃depɑ̃dɑ̃|}}) is a regionalist{{cite book |author1=Régis Dandoy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-GxAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA54 |title=Regional and National Elections in Western Europe: Territoriality of the Vote in Thirteen Countries |author2=Arjan Schakel |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-137-02544-9 |page=54}}{{cite book |author1=Peter Starke |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BtMQsESYcWwC&pg=PA192 |title=The Welfare State as Crisis Manager: Explaining the Diversity of Policy Responses to Economic Crisis |author2=Alexandra Kaasch |author3=Franca Van Hooren |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-137-31484-0 |page=192}}{{Cite web|url=http://parties-and-elections.eu/brussels.html|title=Brussels/Belgium|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|date=2019|website=Parties and Elections in Europe}} and social-liberal political party in Belgium mainly known for defending French-speakers' interests in and near the Brussels region.{{cite book|author=Paul F. State|title=Historical Dictionary of Brussels|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LErne3-05qoC&pg=PA120|year=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6555-6|page=120}}{{cite book|author1=Martin Buxant|author2=Steven Samyn|title=Belgique, un roi sans pays|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IpPkbwZmH28C&pg=PT93|year=2011|publisher=EDI8 - PLON|isbn=978-2-259-21505-3|page=93}} Founded in 1964, the party is led by Sophie Rohonyi, a former member of the Chamber of Representatives. The party's current name, DéFI or Défi, was adopted in 2016 and is a backronym of Démocrate, Fédéraliste, Indépendant ({{lit|Democratic, Federalist, Independent}}) meaning "challenge" in French.

History

The party was founded as the Democratic Front of Francophones (Front Démocratique des Francophones, FDF) on 11 May 1964 as a response to the language laws of 1962. The party had instant success in Brussels: it first contested parliamentary elections one year later, where it won one senator and 3 seats in the Chamber of Representatives for the constituency of Brussels. Its number of seats increased further in the subsequent parliamentary elections. The party also dominated Brussels' municipal politics until 1982.{{cite book|author=Els Witte|title=Political History of Belgium: From 1830 Onwards|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4Em8G76kbkC&pg=PA372|year=2009|publisher=Asp / Vubpress / Upa|isbn=978-90-5487-517-8|page=372}}

Initially the party cooperated with the Walloon Rally. From 1977 until 1980, the FDF participated in the federal governments led by Leo Tindemans and subsequently Wilfried Martens. From 1992, the FDF regularly competed in electoral alliance with the larger Liberal Reformist Party (PRL). In 2002 the PRL, the FDF, the MCC and the PFF formed the Reformist Movement (MR), a closer alliance of Francophone liberal parties.

In January 2010 the party name was amended to Francophone Democratic Federalists (Fédéralistes Démocrates Francophones), maintaining its original acronym.{{cite book|author=Philippe de Riemaecker|title=Quand les singes se prennent pour des dieux|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ZODLYRKp5gC&pg=PA212|year=2013|publisher=Editions Publibook|isbn=978-2-7483-9789-5|page=212}} In September 2011, the FDF decided to leave the alliance over disagreements with MR president Charles Michel on the agreement concerning the splitting of the Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde district during the 2010–2011 Belgian government formation.{{cite web |url=http://www.deredactie.be/permalink/1.1119060 |title=FDF almost unanimously votes in favour of split with MR |date=25 September 2011 |publisher=deredactie.be |access-date=2011-09-25 |language=nl }}

The party adopted its current name, DéFI, in November 2015.{{cite news|title=Le FDF est rebaptisé Défi|url=http://www.lalibre.be/actu/politique-belge/le-fdf-est-rebaptise-defi-5645e2b23570bccfaf010036|access-date=14 November 2015|agency=Belga|publisher=La Libre Belgique|date=13 November 2015}}

Policies

The party advocates the extension of the bilingual status of Brussels to some municipalities in the Brussels Periphery (in Flemish Brabant, Flemish Region), where a majority of the population has become French-speaking in recent years, but whose official language remains Dutch. The party advocates for the right to use French rather than Dutch when dealing with local authorities in Flanders. This demand is rejected by Flemish parties, who say that French-speaking residents of the Flemish Region should learn Dutch and argue that the Francization of Brussels should not be allowed to expand into Flanders.

Representation

Notable elected members include:

Election results

=Chamber of Representatives=

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
Election

! Leader

! Votes

! %

! Seats

! +/−

! Government

1965

| Paul Brien

| 68,966

| 1.33

| {{Composition bar|3|212|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| New

| {{no2|Opposition}}

1968

| rowspan=2 |Albert Peeters

| 154,023

| 2.97

| {{Composition bar|6|212|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| {{increase}} 3

| {{no2|Opposition}}

1971{{efn|name="rw"|Run in a joint list with RW.}}

| 286,639

| 5.43

| {{Composition bar|8|212|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| {{increase}} 2

| {{no2|Opposition}}

1974{{efn|Run in a joint list with PDLP.}}

| André Lagasse

| 301,303

| 5.73

| {{Composition bar|12|212|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| {{increase}} 4

| {{no2|Opposition}}

rowspan=2 |1977

| rowspan=2 |Léon Defosset

| rowspan=2 |263,104

| rowspan=2 |4.72

| rowspan=2 |{{Composition bar|11|212|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| rowspan=2 |{{decrease}} 1

| {{no2|Opposition {{small|(1977-1978)}}}}

{{yes2|Coalition {{small|(1978)}}}}
rowspan=2 |1978

| rowspan=3 |Antoinette Spaak

| rowspan=2 |259,019

| rowspan=2 |4.68

| rowspan=2 |{{Composition bar|11|212|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| rowspan=2 |{{steady}} 0

| {{yes2|Coalition {{small|(1978-1980)}}}}

{{no2|Opposition {{small|(1980-1981)}}}}
1981{{efn|name="rw"}}

| 253,720

| 4.21

| {{Composition bar|6|212|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| {{decrease}} 5

| {{no2|Opposition}}

1985

| rowspan=3 |Georges Clerfayt

| 72,361

| 1.19

| {{Composition bar|3|212|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| {{decrease}} 3

| {{no2|Opposition}}

1987

| 71,338

| 1.16

| {{Composition bar|3|212|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| {{steady}} 0

| {{no2|Opposition}}

1991{{efn|Run in a joint list with PPW.}}

| 90,813

| 1.47

| {{Composition bar|3|212|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| {{steady}} 0

| {{no2|Opposition}}

1995{{efn|name="prl"|Run in a joint list with PRL.}}

| rowspan=2 |Olivier Maingain

| 623,250

| 10.26

| {{Composition bar|2|150|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| {{decrease}} 1

| {{no2|Opposition}}

1999{{efn|name="prl"}}

| 630,219

| 10.14

| {{Composition bar|2|150|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| {{steady}} 0

| {{yes2|Coalition}}

style=height:3.5em

! 2003

| colspan=6 rowspan=3|Merged into Reformist Movement

style=height:3.5em

! 2007

style=height:3.5em

! 2010

2014

| rowspan=2 |Olivier Maingain

| 121,384

| 1.80

| {{Composition bar|2|150|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| {{increase}} 2

| {{no2|Opposition}}

2019

| 150,394

| 2.22

| {{Composition bar|2|150|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| {{steady}} 0

| {{no2|Opposition}}

2024

| François De Smet

| 84,024

| 1.20

| {{Composition bar|1|150|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| {{decrease}} 2

| {{no2|Opposition}}

{{Notelist}}

=European Parliament=

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
rowspan=2| Election

! rowspan=2| List leader

! rowspan=2| Votes

! colspan=2| %

! rowspan=2| Seats

! rowspan=2| +/−

! rowspan=2| EP Group

{{abbr|F.E.C.|French electoral college}}

! Overall

1979{{efn|Run in a joint list with RW.}}

| Antoinette Spaak

| 414,603

| 19.75 (#3)

| 7.62

| {{Composition bar|2|24|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| New

| NI

1984{{efn|Run in a joint list with FNFP.}}

| Unclear

| 142,879

| 6.38 (#5)

| 2.50

| {{Composition bar|0|24|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| {{decrease}} 2

| rowspan=2| −

1989

| François Roelants du Vivier

| 85,867

| 3.83 (#5)

| 1.46

| {{Composition bar|0|24|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| {{steady}} 0

1994{{efn|name="prleu"|Run in a joint list with PRL.}}

| Jean Gol

| 541,724

| 24.25 (#2)

| 9.08

| {{Composition bar|1|25|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| {{increase}} 1

| rowspan=2| ELDR

1999{{efn|name="prleu"}}

| Daniel Ducarme

| 624,445

| 26.99 (#1)

| 10.03

| {{Composition bar|1|25|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| {{steady}} 0

style=height:3.5em

! 2004

| rowspan=2 colspan=7| ''Merged into Reformist Movement

style=height:3.5em

! 2009

2014

| Cristina Coteanu

| 82,540

| 3.38 (#6)

| 1.23

| {{Composition bar|0|21|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| {{steady}} 0

| rowspan=3| −

2019

| Benoit Cassart

| 144,555

| 5.92 (#6)

| 2.15

| {{Composition bar|0|21|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| {{steady}} 0

2024

| Fabrice Van Dorpe

| 75,243

| 2.91 (#6)

| 1.05

| {{Composition bar|0|22|hex={{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}}}

| {{steady}} 0

{{Notelist}}

See also

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

Bibliography

  • {{cite book |last1=Kesteloot |first1=Chantal |title=Au nom de la Wallonie et de Bruxelles français : les origines du FDF |date=2004 |publisher=Complexe |location=Brussels |isbn=2870279876}}