D-Wave Two

D-Wave Two has a QPU (quantum processing unit) of 512 qubits—an improvement over the D-Wave One series' QPUs of about 128 qubits{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2012/02/dwave-quantum-cloud/all/1 |last=Smalley |first=Eric |date=22 February 2012 |title=D-Wave Defies World of Critics with 'First Quantum Cloud' |magazine=Wired |accessdate=1 January 2015}} The number of qubits can vary from chip to chip, due to variations in manufacturing.{{cite arXiv |last1=King |first1=Andrew D. |last2=McGeoch |first2=Catherine C. |date=9 October 2014 |title=Algorithm engineering for a quantum annealing platform |eprint=1410.2628|class=cs.DS }} The increase in qubit count for the D-Wave Two was accomplished by tiling qubit pattern of the D-Wave One. This pattern, named chimera by D-Wave Systems, has a limited connectivity such that a given qubit can only interact with at most six other qubits. As with the D-Wave One, this restricted connectivity greatly limits the optimization problems that can be approached with the hardware.

In March 2013, several groups of researchers at the Adiabatic Quantum Computing workshop at the Institute of Physics in London produced evidence of quantum entanglement in D-Wave CPUs.{{cite web |title=Controversial quantum computer aces entanglement tests |first=Jacob |last=Aron |date=8 March 2013 |website=New Scientist |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23251-controversial-quantum-computer-aces-entanglement-tests.html |publisher=Reed Business Information |accessdate=14 May 2013}} In March 2014, researchers from University College London and the University of Southern California corroborated their findings; in their tests, the D-Wave Two exhibited the quantum physics outcome that it should while not showing three different classical physics outcomes.{{cite web |last=Hardy |first=Quentin |date=24 March 2014 |title=Quantum Computing Research May Back Controversial Company |website=Bits |publisher=The New York Times Company |url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/03/24/quantum-computing-research-may-back-controversial-company/ }}{{cite journal |last=Albash |first=Tameem |year=2015 |title=Distinguishing Classical and Quantum Models for the D-Wave Device |arxiv=1403.4228|display-authors=etal |doi=10.1103/PhysRevA.91.042314 |volume=91 |issue=4 |pages=042314 |journal=Physical Review A|bibcode=2015PhRvA..91d2314A |s2cid=111382483 }}

In May 2013, Catherine McGeoch verified that D-Wave Two finds solutions to a synthetic benchmark set of Ising spin optimization problems.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}} Boixo et al. (2014) evidenced that the D-Wave Two performs quantum annealing,{{cite journal |arxiv=1304.4595|last=Boixo |first=Sergio |year=2014 |title=Quantum annealing with more than one hundred qubits |display-authors=etal |doi=10.1038/nphys2900 |volume=10 |issue=3 |journal=Nature Physics |pages=218–224|bibcode=2014NatPh..10..218B |s2cid=8031023 }} but that a simulated annealing on a notebook computer also performs well.{{cite journal |last=Boixo |first=Sergio |date=28 February 2014 |title=Evidence for quantum annealing with more than one hundred qubits |journal=Nature Physics |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=218–224 |doi=10.1038/nphys2900 |display-authors=etal|arxiv=1304.4595 |bibcode=2014NatPh..10..218B |s2cid=8031023 }} Jean Francois Puget of IBM compared computation on the D-Wave Two with IBM's CPLEX software.{{cite web |url=https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/blogs/jfp/entry/d_wave_vs_cplex_comparison_part_1_qap |title=D-Wave vs CPLEX Comparison. Part 1: QAP |last=Puget |first=Jean-François |website=IBM DeveloperWorks |publisher=IBM |accessdate=1 January 2015|date=2013-06-12 }}

A D-Wave Two in the Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab at the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division of Ames Research Center is used. NASA, Google, and the Universities Space Research Association (USRA) started the lab in 2013.{{cite journal |last=Choi |first=Charles |title=Google and NASA Launch Quantum Computing AI Lab |url=http://www.technologyreview.com/news/514846/google-and-nasa-launch-quantum-computing-ai-lab/ |journal=MIT Technology Review |date=16 May 2013 |access-date=29 June 2013 |archive-date=12 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112021043/https://www.technologyreview.com/news/514846/google-and-nasa-launch-quantum-computing-ai-lab/ |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |last=Hardy |first=Quentin |date=16 May 2013 |title=Google Buys a Quantum Computer |url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/16/google-buys-a-quantum-computer/ |website=Bits |publisher=The New York Times Company |accessdate=3 June 2013}}{{cite web |url=http://www.usra.edu/quantum/ |title=NASA, Google and USRA establish Quantum Computing Research Collaboration; 20% of Computing Time will be Provided to the University Community |website=USRA.edu |publisher=Universities Space Research Association |accessdate=1 January 2015}}{{cite web |url=http://googleresearch.blogspot.com/2013/05/launching-quantum-artificial.html |date=16 May 2013 |title=Launching the Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab |website=Google Research Blog |accessdate=1 January 2015}}

In July 2016, computer music researcher Alexis Kirke used a harmony algorithm developed for the D-Wave Two {{cite book |last1=Kirke |first1=Alexis |last2=Miranda |first2=Eduardo |editor-last=Miranda |editor-first=Eduardo |title=Guide to Unconventional Computing for Music |publisher=Springer |date=2017 |pages=121–157 |chapter=Experiments in Sound and Music Quantum Computing |isbn=978-3-319-49880-5 |name-list-style=amp|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-49881-2_5 |hdl=10026.1/11021 }} live in a public musical performance for mezzo-soprano and electronics in the UK.{{cite news|date=July 30, 2016|journal= Wired USA| url=https://www.wired.com/2016/07/quantum-computers-dont-make-sense-one-makes-music/|title=Quantum Computers don't make sense, but this one makes music}}{{cite news|date=August 7, 2016|journal= The Guardian| url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/aug/07/seven-benefits-of-artificial-intelligence|title=Seven ways that AI could be A-OK}}

In January 2021, a multi-institutional group of researches from ORNL, Purdue and D-Wave generated accurate results from materials science simulations on the DWave-2000Q processor that can be verified with neutron scattering experiments and other practical techniques.{{Cite journal|last1=Kairys|first1=Paul|last2=King|first2=Andrew D.|last3=Ozfidan|first3=Isil|last4=Boothby|first4=Kelly|last5=Raymond|first5=Jack|last6=Banerjee|first6=Arnab|last7=Humble|first7=Travis S.|date=2020-12-14|title=Simulating the Shastry-Sutherland Ising Model Using Quantum Annealing|journal=PRX Quantum|volume=1|issue=2|pages=020320|doi=10.1103/PRXQuantum.1.020320|arxiv=2003.01019 |doi-access=free}}

{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

• {{cite web |url=https://plus.google.com/+QuantumAILab/posts/DymNo8DzAYi |author=Google Quantum A.I. Lab Team |authorlink=Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab |date=19 January 2014 |title=Where do we stand on benchmarking the D-Wave 2? |website=Google+ |accessdate=17 July 2015}}
• {{cite web |url=http://it.toolbox.com/blogs/locutus/quantum-computing-is-here-but-does-it-run-linux-56231 |date=26 May 2013 |title=Quantum computing is here! But does it run Linux? |website=Toolbox.com |publisher=Ziff Davis |accessdate=17 July 2015}}

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