D1 motorway (Slovakia)
{{Short description|Motorway in Slovakia}}
{{About|the motorway in the Slovakia|other roads|D1 (disambiguation){{!}}D1}}
{{Infobox road
| country = SVK
| type = D
| route = 1
| map = Motorway D1 SK map.svg
| map_notes = {{legend0|#01823F|Completed|Green}} {{legend0|#FD4427|Under construction|Red}} {{legend0|#A077AA|Planned|Purple}}
| e-road = {{Jct|country=SVK|E|50}} {{Jct|country=SVK|E|58}} {{Jct|country=SVK|E|75}} {{Jct|country=SVK|E|571}}
| length_km = 512
| length_notes = Completed: {{convert|402|km|mi|abbr=on}}
Under Construction: {{convert|28.4|km|mi|abbr=on}}
Planned: {{convert|87.7|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| terminus_a = x14px D2 Bratislava - Pečna
| junction = {{plainlist|
- x14px R7 Bratislava - Nivy
- x14px D4 Bratislava - South
- x14px R1 Trnava
- x14px R2 near Chocholná
- x14px R6 Púchov, South
- x14px D3 near Hričovské Podhradie
- x14px R3 near Martin
- x14px R3 near Likavka (planned)
- x14px R1 near Ružomberok (planned)
- x14px R4 Prešov, West
- x14px R4 near Košické Oľšany
}}
| terminus_b = x14px M08 border with Ukraine (planned)
| regions = Bratislava Region, Trnava Region, Trenčín Region, Žilina Region, Prešov Region, Košice Region
| cities = Bratislava, Trnava, Trenčín, Žilina, Martin, Poprad, Prešov, Košice
|previous_type =
|previous_route =
|next_type = D
|next_route = 2
}}
D1 motorway is an east-west motorway ({{langx|sk|Diaľnica D1}}) in Slovakia. The D1 motorway is the oldest, longest and busiest{{Cite web |title=The D1 in Slovakia |url=https://www.yourtravis.com/knowledge/the-d1-in-slovakia/ |access-date=2025-03-30 |language=nl-NL}}{{Cite web |title=D1 Motorway - Slovakia |url=https://aecom.com/sk/projects/d1-motorway/ |access-date=2025-03-30 |language=en-US}} motorway in Slovakia, which is connects Bratislava with Trnava, Trenčín, Žilina, Martin, Poprad, Prešov, Košice to the Slovak-Ukrainian border (border crossing with Uzhhorod), where it is connected to the Ukrainian road M08.
It is part of the European roads E50, E58, E75, E442, E571 and of the V.A Pan-European corridor (Trieste) - Bratislava - Žilina - Košice - Uzhhorod - Lviv. With the exception of sections in Bratislava, a vignette is required to use the motorway.{{Cite web|url=https://ndsas.sk/en/charging/electronic-vignette|publisher=NDS a.s|title=Electronic vignette}}
The motorway has been under construction since 1972 and by 2023, 395.9 km of the total planned length of 512.4 km were operational. Despite the various completion dates set in the past (1990, 2000, 2005, 2010 or 2013), the full length will not be passable until 2040 at the earliest.{{Cite web|url=https://e.dennikn.sk/2387491/prelomovy-plan-vystavby-ciest-je-vonku-pozrite-sa-kedy-pridu-na-rad-tie-vase/|publisher=Dennik|title=Prelomový plán výstavby ciest je vonku. Pozrite sa, kedy prídu na rad tie vaše|language=sk|date=2021-05-12|access-date=2025-01-25}}{{Cite web|title=Detail materiálu. Portal OV|language=sk|url=https://rokovania.gov.sk/RVL/Material/25933/3|publisher=rokovania.gov.sk|access-date=2025-01-25}} The construction of the motorway is particularly challenging in the hilly terrain between Žilina and Ružomberok{{whom|date=January 2025}}{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}.
File:Križovatka Trnava.jpg with R1]]
Chronology
The first plans to connect Prague to Slovakia and Mukachevo in today's Zakarpattia Oblast in Ukraine, which was part of Czechoslovakia at that time, were in the 1930s. The construction of the motorway (freeway) began in the Czech part in the late 1930s, but in the Slovak part nothing was built{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}. After the end of World War II, highway construction was abandoned, due to post-war reconstruction. But in the 1960s, traffic was growing very fast, and a new plan for a D1 highway was available soon, without the part in Zakarpattia Oblast, which became part of the USSR in 1945.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}.
Construction began in 1973, by building the Ivachnová - Liptovský Mikuláš section, a {{convert|15|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} segment in northern Slovakia. Construction on this section finished in December 1977 and costed CZK 241.3 million.{{Cite web|url=http://dalnice-silnice.cz/Sk/D1.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228011129/dalnice-silnice.cz/Sk/D1.htm|title=Dálnice D1, Slovensko|archive-date=2009-02-28}} In 1976, {{convert|6.4|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} section created the southern bypass of Liptovský Mikuláš. The total cost of the construction amounted to CZK 368 million. The section between Liptovský Ján and Liptovský Hrádek with a length of {{convert|5.1|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} kilometres was under construction from April 1975 to December 1983 and had once the longest road bridge in Slovakia - the 1,035-metre-long Podtureň Viaduct.{{Cite web|title=Mosty – Viadukt Podtureň|publisher=Bratislava: Národná diaľničná spoločnosť|date=2005|archive-date=2012-02-27|access-date=2025-01-25|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227150504/http://www.ndsas.sk/mosty/12373s|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227150504/www.ndsas.sk/mosty/12373s}}
Between 1978 and 1982, a {{convert|15.9|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} section was constructed between Trnava and Hlohovec. June 1980 saw the beginning of construction in a new {{convert|17.7|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} section between Hlohovec and Piešťany which was put into operation in 1985.
A {{convert|14|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} section between Horná Streda - Nové Mesto nad Váhom opened in half-profile as a D61 in 1998, and was finished as the motorway D1 in full profile in 2000. A {{convert|15.3|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} section between Nové Mesto nad Váhom - Chocholná also opened in half-profile as a D61 in 1998, and was subsequently finished as the D1 in full profile in 2000.
The {{convert|3.2|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} section of motorway in Bratislava did not begin until 20 March 2003. The construction was handed over for early use on 4 December 2005, while the gradual finishing works on the footbridges continued until June 2006. The total construction costs amounted to 1.908 billion CZK.
The section between Hričovské Podhradie - Lietavská Lúčka forms the first part of the southern bypass of Žilina and includes the Ovčiarsko and Žilina tunnels. The construction of the section began with the excavation of the exploratory tunnel of the Ovčiarsko tunnel back in 1996. After the completion of the exploratory tunnel, further construction of the section was postponed. Construction work has continued only since 2014. The contractual completion date was January 2018. This deadline could not be met and the section was not handed over for use until 29 January 2021.{{Cite web|url=https://e.dennikn.sk/2079209/previezli-sme-sa-tunelmi-severnej-d1-kedy-budu-hotove-a-ako-to-tam-vyzera/|publisher=Dennik|language=sk|title=Previezli sme sa tunelmi severnej D1. Kedy budú hotové a ako to tam vyzerá?|date=2020-10-09|access-date=2025-01-25}} This section was financed through the European Union budget.{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/projects/europe/new-d1-motorway-section-to-strengthen-central-slovakias-transport-links-with-neighbours|title=New D1 motorway section to strengthen central Slovakia's transport links with neighbours|publisher=European Commission|date=2017-03-24|access-date=2025-01-25}}
Section at Prešov was opened in late 2021. That also includes the Prešov tunnel with 2240 meters of length.{{Cite web|url=https://spectator.sme.sk/c/22773024/new-d1-highway-stretch-in-presov-opens-saving-drivers-19-minutes|title=New D1 highway stretch in Prešov opens, saving drivers 19 minutes|publisher=SME|date=2021-10-28|access-date=2025-01-25}}
= Future developments =
The construction of the sections Hubová - Ivachnová (Ružomberok bypass), which should be completed in 2025, and Lietavská Lúčka - Dubná Skala with the Višňové tunnel (Žilina bypass), which, after delays,{{Cite web|publisher=Global Highways|url=https://www.globalhighways.com/news/date-set-complete-d1-visnove-tunnel-section|title=Date set to complete D1 Višňové Tunnel section|date=2023-07-20|access-date=2025-01-25}} should be completed in 2026, is currently underway,{{Cite web|url=https://e.dennikn.sk/3443668/visnove-by-mohlo-byt-o-dva-roky-d1-do-kosic-o-devat/|title=D1 medzi Bratislavou a Košicami by mala byť po roku 2030|language=sk|date=2023-06-26|access-date=2025-01-25|publisher=Denník}} with €125 million allocated from the European Union{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/whats-new/newsroom/03-03-2024-eu-cohesion-policy-eur125-million-for-the-construction-of-the-d1-motorway-in-the-hubova-ivachnova-section-in-slovakia_en|publisher=European Commission|date=2024-03-03|title=EU Cohesion Policy: €125 million for the construction of the D1 Motorway in the Hubová – Ivachnová section in Slovakia}} for the Hubová - Ivachnová section.
The construction of the Turany - Hubová section, which will be the last missing section on the Bratislava - Košice route, has not yet started, as after decades of planning no single route option has been selected. The commissioning of the motorway along the entire length of the route cannot be expected before 2040 in view of the current intentions of the Ministry of Transport.
Route description
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|country=
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|km=292
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|notes=
}}
{{SVKint|exit|name|name
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|km=297
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|notes=
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}}
{{SVKint|exit|name|name
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{{SVKint|exit|name|name
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|mspan=17
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|km=310
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|notes=
}}
{{SVKint|exit|name|name
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|km=315
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|notes=
}}
{{SVKint|exit|name|name
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|km=322
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{{SVKint|exit|name|name
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|km=325
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|notes=
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{{SVKint|exit|name|name
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|km=329
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|notes=
}}
{{SVKint|exit|name|name
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|km=341
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{{SVKint|exit|name|name
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{{SVKint|exit|name|name
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|km=360
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}}
{{SVKint|exit|name|name
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|km=368
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|notes=
}}
{{SVKint|exit|name|name
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|mspan=
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|km=379
|name=Široké
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|notes=
}}
{{SVKint|exit|name|name
|country=
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|mspan=
|exit=—
|km=382
|name=Fričovce
|type=
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|notes=
}}
{{SVKint|exit|name|name
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|km=393
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|notes=
}}
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|km=
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{{SVKint|exit|name|name
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|km=400
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}}
{{SVKint|exit|name|name
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}}
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|km=418
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}}
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|mspan=15
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|km=422
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}}
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{{SVKint|exit|name|name
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|km=427
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|km=433
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|type=
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|notes=
}}
{{SVKint|exit|name|name
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|mspan=
|exit=—
|km=441
|name=Bidovce
|type=
|road={{Jct|country=SVK|I|19}}
|notes=Temporary end
}}
{{SVKint|exit|name|name
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|km=459
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{{SVKint|exit|name|name
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|road={{Jct|country=UKR|M|08}} {{Jct|country=UKR|E|50}}
|notes=Proposed
----
Border with Ukraine; road continues as Ukrainian M08.
}}
{{jctbtm|col=9|keys=trans,unbuilt,proposed}}
Bridges and viaducts
This is a list of bridges and viaducts as seen when moving from west to east:
File:Längste Autobahnbrück in der Slowakei in der nähe von Liptovský Ján.jpg]]
class="wikitable sortable"
! Location !! Length (m) !! Notes | ||
Ovsište | {{0|0,}}567 | |
Prístavný most | 1,080 | |
Prievoz | 1,756 | |
Horná Streda | {{0|0,}}772 | |
Beckov | {{0|0,}}336 | |
Drietoma | {{0|0,}}238 | |
Súčanka | {{0|0,}}404 / 486 | |
Újazd | {{0|0,}}486 / 490 | |
Kočkovský kanál | {{0|0,}}187 | |
Nosický kanál | {{0|0,}}227 | |
Ladce | {{0|0,}}189 / 186 | |
Pružinka | {{0|0,}}902 | |
Sverepec I | {{0|0,}}443 / 480 | |
Sverepec II | {{0|0,}}315 / 310 | |
Kunovec | open July 2010 | |
Galanovec | open July 2010 | |
Matúška | open July 2010 | |
Považská Bystrica | 1,444 | open 30 May 2010 |
Hričovský kanál | 1,695 | July 2010 |
Vrtižer | open July 2010 | |
Plevník-Drienové | ||
Predmier | 2 lanes | |
Dolný Hričov | 1,804 | planned; open 2012? |
Lietavská Lúčka | 1,091 | planned; open 2012? |
Dubná Skala | planned | |
Turčianské Kľačany | {{0|0,}}422 | planned |
Turany | planned | |
Krpeľany | planned | |
Kraľovany | planned | |
Stankovany | planned | |
Hubová I | planned | |
Hubová II | planned | |
Lisková | planned | |
Podtureň | 1,038 | |
Jamníček | {{0|0,}}179 | |
Belá | {{0|0,}}308 | |
Dovalovec | {{0|0,}}534 | |
Hybica | {{0|0,}}571 / 565 | |
Východná | {{0|0,}}380 | |
Jánošiková studnička | {{0|0,}}381 | |
Belianský potok | {{0|0,}}347 | |
Čierny jarok | {{0|0,}}184 | |
Važec | {{0|0,}}638 | open 2007? |
Štrba | 600 | open 2007? |
Pod Skalkou | open 2008 | |
Levoča | planned | |
Spišský Hrhov | planned | |
Beharovce | {{0|0,}}225 | 2 lanes |
Studenec | {{0|0,}}102 | 2 lanes |
Pongrácovce | {{0|0,}}343 | 2 lanes |
Fričovce | {{0|0,}}407 | |
Malá Svinka | {{0|0,}}255 | open 2008 |
Malý Šariš | {{0|0,}}494 | open 2008 |
Tunnels
The twelfth Dargov tunnel is planned east of Košice and construction will start after 2030 at the earliest. Only four of these twelve tunnels are currently in operation - Branisko Tunnel (4,975 m), Lučivná Tunnel (250 m) and Bôrik Tunnel (999 m){{Cite web|url=https://spis.korzar.sme.sk/c/5002319/tatranskej-dialnice-chyba-uz-len-kusok.html|language=sk|title=Tatranskej diaľnice chýba už len kúsok|date=2009-09-04|access-date=2025-01-25}} and Šibenik Tunnel (635 m).
This is a list of tunnels as seen when moving from west to east:
class="wikitable sortable"
! Location !! Length (m) !! Notes | ||
Ovčiarsko | 2,275 | under construction since Jul 2014, open 2018 |
Žilina | {{0|0,}}651 | under construction since Jul 2014, open 2018 |
Višňové | 7,460 | under construction since 2015, open 2019 |
Korbieľka | 5,859 | planned, open at first 2024 |
Havran | 2,702 | planned, open at first 2024 |
Čebrať | 2,080 | works were stopped, open at first 2020 |
Lučivná | {{0|0,}}250 | open Nov/Dec 2007 |
Bôrik | {{0|0,}}999 | open 2009 |
Šibenik | {{0|0,}}600 | open 2015 |
Branisko | 4,975 | 2 lanes |
Prešov | 2,244 | open 2021 |
Gallery
File:D1 pri Dubnici nad Váhom.jpg|D1 motorway near Dubnica nad Váhom
File:D1 pred Pov. Bystricou.jpg|D1 motorway exit Považská Bystrica
File:Križovatka Beluša.jpg|Junction Beluša
File:Slovak motorway D1.JPG|D1 near Sverepec
File:Otváranie viaduktu v Považskej Bystrici na D1.jpg|opening of the D1 motorway viaduct in Považská Bystrica
File:Otváranie viaduktu v Považskej Bystrici na D1 II..jpg|opening of the D1 motorway viaduct in Považská Bystrica
File:Otváranie viaduktu v Považskej Bystrici na D1 III..jpg|opening of the D1 motorway viaduct in Považská Bystrica
File:Diaľnica D1. Prešov západ 21 Slovakia.jpg|The D1 R4 intersection in Presov west
See also
External links
- [https://www.motorways-exits.com/europe/sk/d1.html Exit list of Highway D1] {{in lang|en}}
- [http://www.ndsas.sk National Motorway Company] {{in lang|sk}}
References
{{reflist|30em}}
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Slovak Wikipedia article at :sk:Diaľnica D1 (Slovensko); see its history for attribution.
{{Portalbar|Slovakia|Transport}}
{{SlovakHighways}}