Dallas Marathon

{{Short description|Annual footrace held in Dallas, Texas}}

{{Infobox athletics race

| bgcolour = lightblue

| image = 2024 BMW Dallas Marathon.jpg

| imagesize = 150

| caption = Dallas Marathon 2024

| date = December

| location = Dallas, Texas

| type = Road

| distance = Marathon, Half Marathon, 5-Person Relay

| est = {{start date and age|1971|03|06|p=y}}

| record = Men: 2:12:04 (2006)
Moses Kororia
Women: 2:29:55 (2006)
Svetlana Ponomarenkoi

| homepage = {{URL|https://www.rundallas.com/|BMW Dallas Marathon}}

}}

The Dallas Marathon (formerly known as the Dallas White Rock Marathon and also known as the BMW Dallas Marathon for sponsorship reasons) is an annual marathon road running event usually hosted in December by Dallas, Texas, and is {{citation needed span|Texas' oldest marathon,|reason=There is evidence that a marathon series started in Galveston in 1969.|date=December 2020}} having been held every year since 1971 (with the exception of 2013{{efn|Due to an ice storm known locally to Dallas and Fort Worth citizens as "Icepocalypse 2013".}} and 2020{{efn|Due to the coronavirus pandemic.{{r|2020.postponement}}}}). The marathon begins and ends in Downtown Dallas and runs around White Rock Lake. The race weekend also includes a 5K,{{efn|The race was formerly known as "Cigna Mayor's Race 5K Presented by Oncor", which The Dallas Morning News found "awkwardly named".{{r|2013.cancellation}}{{cite web |url=http://www.dallasmarathon.com/mayors-race-5k/ |title=MetroPCS Dallas Marathon | Cigna Mayor's Race 5K Presented by Oncor |website=www.dallasmarathon.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121220073455/http://www.dallasmarathon.com/mayors-race-5k/ |archive-date=20 December 2012 |url-status=dead}} The 5K is no longer named.{{cite web |url=https://www.rundallas.com/events/bmw-dallas-marathon-festival/saturday-events/ |title=Saturday Events - 10K, 5K, 2-Mile Walk & Kids Races - Events - runDallas |website=www.rundallas.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101005200/https://www.rundallas.com/events/bmw-dallas-marathon-festival/saturday-events/ |archive-date=1 November 2020 |url-status=dead}}}} a 10K, a half marathon, a 2-person half marathon relay, a 5-person full marathon relay, and a 50K ultramarathon.

Dallas Marathon results can be used to qualify for the Boston Marathon.

Since naming a primary beneficiary in 1997, the Dallas Marathon has donated more than $3.8 million to Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children.

History

Inspired by the American National Marathon in Galveston, Texas, Talmage Morrison, president of the Cross Country Club of Dallas, organized the inaugural "White Rock Marathon" on {{dts|1971.03.06}}.https://web.archive.org/web/20191127161057if_/https://www.rundallas.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/1977_Results_Book.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}} Looping around White Rock Lake twice, the marathon had 82 participants and 61 finishers.{{r|1977.results}}

In 1976, the race was moved from spring to the first Saturday in December because the new date historically offered good marathon-running weather.{{r|1977.results}} As a result, the White Rock Lake Marathon was held twice that calendar year: once in February and once in December.{{r|1977.results}}

The Dallas Marathon had been the first leg of the Marathons of Texas, a series of winter marathons held approximately one month apart from each other from December through February in Texas, along with the Houston Marathon and the Austin Marathon.{{Cite web

|url=http://www.marathonsoftexas.com/

|title=Marathons of Texas

|publisher=Marathons of Texas

|accessdate=2007-02-28

|archive-date=2006-12-06

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061206013859/http://www.marathonsoftexas.com/

|url-status=dead

}}

In 2013, the race was cancelled the Friday before due to ice, with no refunds offered.{{r|2013.cancellation}}

In 2016, BMW signed on to become the title partner changing the official event name to the BMW Dallas Marathon.{{Cite web |last=Marathon |first=BMW Dallas |title=Good News: Dallas Marathon is Now the BMW Dallas Marathon |url=https://www.letsrun.com/news/2016/05/good-news-dallas-marathon-now-bmw-dallas-marathon/ |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=LetsRun.com |language=en}}

The 2020 race was cancelled & deferred to the weekend of {{dts|2021.05.02|df=yes}} due to the coronavirus pandemic.{{cite web |url=https://www.rundallas.com/2020/10/01/50th-anniversary-of-the-bmw-dallas-marathon-festival-moved-to-april-30-may-2-2021-now-part-of-the-new-bmw-pegasus-50th-challenge-including-a-chance-to-win-a-new-2021-special-edition-bmw-car/ |title=50th Anniversary of the BMW Dallas Marathon Festival Moved to April 30-May 2, 2021, Now Part of the New BMW Pegasus 50th Challenge Including a Chance to Win a New 2021 Special Edition BMW Car - runDallas |website=www.rundallas.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101020249/https://www.rundallas.com/2020/10/01/50th-anniversary-of-the-bmw-dallas-marathon-festival-moved-to-april-30-may-2-2021-now-part-of-the-new-bmw-pegasus-50th-challenge-including-a-chance-to-win-a-new-2021-special-edition-bmw-car/ |archive-date=1 November 2020 |url-status=dead}}{{cite web |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/sports/other-sports/2020/10/01/bmw-dallas-marathons-50th-anniversary-weekend-rescheduled-for-april-30-may-2/ |title=BMW Dallas Marathon's 50th anniversary weekend rescheduled for April 30-May 2 |website=www.dallasnews.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029041442/https://www.dallasnews.com/sports/other-sports/2020/10/01/bmw-dallas-marathons-50th-anniversary-weekend-rescheduled-for-april-30-may-2/ |archive-date=29 October 2020 |url-status=dead}} Entrants that year were given either refunds or deferred automatic entry to next year's.

In December 2023, over 30,000 runners participated in events, with the proceeds going to benefit the Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children.{{Cite web |last=Butcher |first=Rebecca |date=2023-12-10 |title=30,000 people take part in BMW Dallas Marathon events that benefit Scottish Rite |url=https://www.fox4news.com/news/dallas-marathon-2023 |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=FOX 4 |language=en-US}}

Course

{{external media

| image1 = {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20041020210957im_/http://runtherock.com/course/images/therockmap.gif Course map of full marathon in 2004]}}{{cite web |url=http://www.runtherock.com/course/map.html |title=Run the Rock! Dallas White Rock Marathon - December 12, 2004 |website=www.runtherock.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041123021622/http://www.runtherock.com/course/map.html |archive-date=23 November 2004 |url-status=usurped}}

| image2 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20201210061341if_/https://arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-dmn.s3.amazonaws.com/public/2KM4U43RYVE7HNVKUWKM4GZK6Q.JPG Course map of full marathon in 2019]{{cite web |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/transportation/2019/12/14/numerous-road-closures-afoot-sunday-as-dallas-marathon-makes-its-annual-run/ |title=Numerous road closures afoot Sunday as Dallas Marathon makes its annual run |website=www.dallasnews.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215082430/https://www.dallasnews.com/news/transportation/2019/12/14/numerous-road-closures-afoot-sunday-as-dallas-marathon-makes-its-annual-run/ |archive-date=15 December 2019 |url-status=dead}}

}}

= Initial course =

The first course ran around White Rock Lake twice, for {{cvt|11.1|mi|km}} each loop, and then went out {{cvt|2|mi|km}} and back.{{r|1977.results}} This course was used from 1971 to 1973, when part of the road situated west of the lake was torn up four days after the marathon for capital improvement purposes.{{r|1977.results}}

= Three-loop course =

The course was changed for the 1974 marathon to use a flat three-loop course situated on the eastern side of the lake.{{r|1976.1.results}} This course was used for a few years.https://web.archive.org/web/20191127161218if_/https://www.rundallas.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/1976-sp_Results_Book.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}

= Current course =

The current marathon course begins and ends at Dallas City Hall, and loops around White Rock Lake once.https://web.archive.org/web/20191214215446if_/https://www.rundallas.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/2019-DM-Graphical-Map-SUNDAY.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}

The half marathon course does not include the loop around the lake, while the 50K ultramarathon also includes an out-and-back leg on Santa Fe Trail.{{r|2019.course}}

Winners

Key:{{pad|5px}}{{legend2|#CCFFCC||border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} Course record (in bold)

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
class="unsortable" | Ed.

! Date

! Male winner

! Time{{efn|h:m:s|name="hms"}}

! Female winner

! Time{{efn|name="hms"}}

! class="unsortable" | Rf.

1

| align="left" | 1971.03.06

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Rick Richardson|USA}}

| 2:38:09.4

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Annabelle Corboy|USA}}

| 4:12:25

2

| align="left" | 1972.03.04

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Paul Hoffman|CAN}}

| 2:23:18

| align="left" | Terry Lea Samuelson Stransky (USA)

| 3:49:29

3

| align="left" | 1973.03.03

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Wayne Comer|USA}}

| 2:37:45

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Patti Price|USA}}

| 4:27:45

4

| align="left" | 1974.02.24

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Terry Ziegler|USA}}

| 2:19:18

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Kathy Loper|USA}}

| 3:13:48

5

| align="left" | 1975.02.22

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Terry Ziegler|USA}}

| 2:26:07

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Kathy Loper|USA}}

| 3:00:54

6

| align="left" | 1976.02.21

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Don Kennedy|USA}}

| 2:25:59

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Dorothy Doolittle|USA}}

| 2:53:43

| {{r|1976.1.results}}

7

| align="left" | 1976.12.04

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Jeff Wells|USA}}

| 2:15:11

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Jean Ohly|USA}}

| 3:07:26

8

| align="left" | 1977.12.03

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|John Lodwick|USA}}

| 2:16:43

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Marianne Pugh|USA}}

| 2:56:55

| {{r|1977.results}}

9

| align="left" | 1978.12.02

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Tom Marino|USA}}

| 2:18:55

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Karen Cramond|USA}}

| 2:48:36

10

| align="left" | 1979.12.01

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Kyle Heffner|USA}}

| 2:14:30

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Toni Bernhard|USA}}

| 2:47:31

11

| align="left" | 1980.12.06

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Robert Wallace|AUS}}

| 2:15:19

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Martha Sartain|USA}}

| 2:41:14

12

| align="left" | 1981.12.05

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|David Milley|USA}}

| 2:16:13

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Julie Brown|USA}}

| 2:33:39

13

| align="left" | 1982.12.04

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|John Lodwick|USA}}

| 2:12:18.0

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Carol Urish|USA}}

| 2:47:21.2

| https://web.archive.org/web/20191127161245if_/https://www.rundallas.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/1982_Results_Book.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}

14

| align="left" | 1983.12.04

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Kyle Heffner|USA}}

| 2:13:48

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Sue Moen|USA}}

| 2:49:54

15

| align="left" | 1984.12.02

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Bruce McKay|CAN}}

| 2:20:20

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Karen Lee Miller|USA}}

| 2:58:04

16

| align="left" | 1985.12.08

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Ed Swiatocha|USA}}

| 2:17:42

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Carol Beck|USA}}

| 2:49:42

17

| align="left" | 1986.12.14

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Ed Swiatocha|USA}}

| 2:22:40

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Hope Fullwood|USA}}

| 2:55:37

18

| align="left" | 1987.12.06

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Mike Moloto|RSA}}

| 2:22:42

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Charlene Soby|USA}}

| 2:55:45

19

| align="left" | 1988.12.04

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Andrés Espinosa|MEX}}

| 2:16:13

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Martha Ashley|USA}}

| 2:46:30

20

| align="left" | 1989.12.03

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Andrés Espinosa|MEX}}

| 2:16:19

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Lisa Presedo|CAN}}

| 2:41:47

21

| align="left" | 1990.12.02

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Jose Peña|MEX}}

| 2:24:52

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Jeni Peters|USA}}

| 2:48:04

22

| align="left" | 1991.12.01

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Jim Sterling|USA}}

| 2:25:53

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Peggy Murphy|USA}}

| 2:46:38

23

| align="left" | 1992.12.06

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|J.P. Worcester|USA}}

| 2:21:09

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Mary Level|USA}}

| 2:48:59

24

| align="left" | 1993.12.05

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Victor deJesus |MEX}}

| 2:17:23

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Sonya Betancourt|MEX}}

| 2:39:23

25

| align="left" | 1994.12.04

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Juan Carlos Chavez|MEX}}

| 2:19:42

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Roxi Erickson|USA}}

| 2:43:28

26

| align="left" | 1995.12.10

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Victor deJesus|MEX}}

| 2:16:03

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Alevtina Naumova|RUS}}

| 2:39:49

27

| align="left" | 1996.12.08

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Gregorio Romo|MEX}}

| 2:30:57

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Shannon Compton|USA}}

| 2:58:34

28

| align="left" | 1997.12.07

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Emilio Gonzalez|MEX}}

| 2:26:06

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Ena MacPherson|CAN}}

| 3:07:21

29

| align="left" | 1998.12.13

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|William Moore|USA}}

| 2:20:37

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Sheila Carmody|USA}}

| 3:04:34

30

| align="left" | 1999.12.05

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Wayne Strohman|USA}}

| 2:24:08

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Lori Stitch|USA}}

| 2:54:44

31

| align="left" | 2000.12.10

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Joel Ibarra|MEX}}

| 2:26:27

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Riva Rahl|USA}}

| 2:54:20

32

| align="left" | 2001.12.09

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Joel Ibarra|USA}}

| 2:27:23

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Dana Bullard|USA}}

| 2:59:01

| https://web.archive.org/web/20191127161105if_/https://www.rundallas.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2001_Results_book.pdf#page=4 {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}

33

| align="left" | 2002.12.15

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Ernie Caballero|USA}}

| 2:33:13

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Claudia Olivares|MEX}}

| 3:02:41

34

| align="left" | 2003.12.14

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Nephat Kinyanjui Ngotho|KEN}}

| 2:16:27

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Lioudmila Kortchaguina|RUS}}

| 2:37:06

35

| align="left" | 2004.12.12

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Elly Rono Kiplomo|KEN}}

| 2:14:01

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Liza Hunter|NZL}}

| 2:38:24

36

| align="left" | 2005.12.11

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Pavel Andreyev|RUS}}

| 2:15:24

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Lioudmila Kortchaguina|CAN}}

| 2:30:03

37

| align="left" | 2006.12.10

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Moses Kororia|KEN}}

| bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | 2:12:04

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Svetlana Ponomarenko|RUS}}

| bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | 2:29:55

38

| align="left" | 2007.12.09

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|James Koskei Kimutai|KEN}}

| 2:15:09

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Emily Samoei Chepkemoi|KEN}}

| 2:35:25

39

| align="left" | 2008.12.14

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Henry Serem|KEN}}

| 2:22:07

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Svetlana Ponomarenko|RUS}}

| 2:37:14

40

| align="left" | 2009.12.13

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Edward Tabut Kiptum|KEN}}

| 2:16:53

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Rose Chebet|KEN}}

| 2:48:21

41

| align="left" | 2010.12.05

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|James Kirwa|KEN}}

| 2:18:37

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Camille Herron|USA}}

| 2:42:32

42

| align="left" | 2011.12.04

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|John Itati Thuo|KEN}}

| 2:17:21

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Natalya Sergeyeva|RUS}}

| 2:35:19

43

| align="left" | 2012.12.09

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Vladimir Safronov|RUS}}

| 2:19:38

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Nastassia Padalinskaya|BLR}}

| 2:43:55

{{sdash}}

| align="left" | 2013

colspan="4" align="center" data-sort-value="" | cancelled due to ice

| {{cite web |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2013/12/07/cancellation-of-dallas-marathon-leaves-runners-out-in-the-cold/ |title=Cancellation of Dallas Marathon leaves runners out in the cold |website=www.dallasnews.com |access-date=27 January 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201210003927/https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2013/12/07/cancellation-of-dallas-marathon-leaves-runners-out-in-the-cold/ |archive-date=10 December 2020 |url-status=dead}}

44

| align="left" | 2014.12.14

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Jonathan Cheruiyot Kimutai|KEN}}

| 2:17:11

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Shitaye Gemechu Debelu|ETH}}

| 2:46:46

45

| align="left" | 2015.12.13

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Logan Sherman|USA}}

| 2:27:28

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Jamie Vest|USA}}

| 2:58:31

46

| align="left" | 2016.12.11

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Keith Pierce|USA}}

| 2:29:28

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Jordan Snyder|USA}}

| 2:59:17

47

| align="left" | 2017.12.10

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Keith Pierce|USA}}

| 2:27:16

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Chandler Self|USA}}

| 2:53:57

48

| align="left" | 2018.12.09

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Colby Mehman|USA}}

| 2:22:40

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Anna Corrigan|USA}}

| 2:50:30

49

| align="left" | 2019.12.15

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Aaron Sherf|USA}}

| 2:31:21

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Lexie Greitzer|USA}}

| 2:56:37

{{sdash}}

| align="left" | 2020

colspan="4" align="center" data-sort-value="" | postponed due to coronavirus pandemic

| {{r|2020.postponement}}

50

| align="left" | 2021.12.12

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Joseph Hale|USA}}

| 2:28:42

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Solyenetzitl Castro Aguilar|MEX}}

| 2:52:20

|

51

| align="left" | 2022.12.11

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Cameron Beckett|USA}}

| 2:27:01

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Megan Taylor|USA}}

| 2:45:54

|

52

| align="left" | 2023.12.10

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Joseph Hale|USA}}

| 2:24:53

| align="left" | {{flagathlete|Jillian Wolf|USA}}

| 2:51:47

|

Name history

  • 2016: BMW Dallas Marathon
  • 2015: Dallas Marathon
  • 2014: MetroPCS Dallas Marathon
  • 2013: Cancelled due to inclement weather conditions
  • 2012: MetroPCS Dallas Marathon{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}
  • 2010: MetroPCS Dallas White Rock Marathon{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}}
  • 2009: MetroPCS Dallas White Rock Marathon, presented by NexBank[http://www.bankrate.com/rates/safe-sound/memorandums-memos.aspx?fedid=652874 Nexbank] on Bankrate, Marathon presented by Nexbank
  • 2008: Dallas White Rock Marathon presented by NexBank[http://onlineraceresults.com/race/view_race.php?race_id=9878 2008 Dallas White Rock Marathon - Marathon - Marathon Results], Online Race Results.com, retrieved 2008-12-15, name, time, and pace only, search by participant to verify results
  • 2007: Wellstone's Dallas White Rock Marathon[http://onlineraceresults.com/race/view_race.php?race_id=7127 2007 Wellstone Dallas White Rock Marathon - Marathon Results], Online Race Results.com, retrieved 2008-12-15, name, time, and pace only, search by participant to verify results
  • 2006: Wellstone's Dallas White Rock Marathon[http://onlineraceresults.com/race/view_race.php?race_id=4557 2006 Wellstone Dallas White Rock Marathon - Marathon Results], Online Race Results.com, retrieved 2008-12-15, name, time, and pace only, search by participant to verify results
  • 2005: White Rock Marathon[http://onlineraceresults.com/event/view_event.php?event_id=990 2005 White Rock Marathon - Marathon - Marathon Results], Online Race Results.com, retrieved 2008-12-15, name, time, and pace only, search by participant to verify results

Deaths

In 1986, Edwin Brown collapsed after mile 10. He was taken to Doctors Hospital and pronounced dead. He was 47.{{Cite web |last=Vernon |first=Robert |title=1986 Results Book |url=https://rundallas.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/1986_Results_Book.pdf |access-date=11 December 2023 |website=rundallas.com}}[https://www.bmwdallasmarathon.com/wp-content/uploads/ResultsBooks/1986.pdf "Dallas White Rock Marathon: The Seventeenth Annual Running"]{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, December 1986.

On December 14, 2008, Erin Lahr collapsed and died during the race. She was 29.{{cite web |url=https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/29-year-old-runner-collapses-and-dies-at-Dallas-1587193.php |title=29-year-old runner collapses and dies at Dallas marathon |publisher=chron.com |date=December 14, 2008 |accessdate=June 1, 2019}}

See also

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

{{reflist}}