Damanhur

{{hiero|Țemāi en Ḥeru{{cite book |last1=Wallis Budge |first1=E. A. |title=An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary: with an index of English words, king list and geological list with indexes, list of hieroglyphic characters, coptic and semitic alphabets, etc. Vol II |date=1920 |publisher=John Murray |page=[https://archive.org/details/egyptianhierogly02budguoft/page/1062 1062] |url=https://archive.org/details/egyptianhierogly02budguoft}} |D46-W19-M17-M17-O49-W24-G5-Z1orD46:Aa15-W19-M17-M17-X1:O49-S3-G6-X1:O49|align = left}}

The city's modern Arabic name comes from Coptic p-Timinhor ({{langx|cop|ⲡϯⲙⲓⲛ̀ϩⲱⲣ}}, {{IPA|cop|ptəmənhoːr|pronounced}}), which in turn is derived from {{Langx|egy|pꜣ-dmỉ-n-Ḥr.w|lit=the settlement of Horus}}, also attested in Aramaic ({{Langx|arc|תמנחור|translit=Temenkhūr}}).

The Greeks called the city Hermopolis Mikra ({{langx|grc|Ἑρμοῦ πόλις μικρά}}).{{Cite web |last=Bernand |first=A. |date=2021-12-13 |others=R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa |title=Hermopolis Mikra: a Pleiades place resource |url=https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/727123 |access-date=2023-04-03 |website=Pleiades: a gazetteer of past places |language=en}}

The name of the city suggests that Horus, whom Greeks equated with Apollo, was worshipped as the chief deity. However, the Greek name for the town, Hermopolis Mikra, suggests that Hermes/Thoth was the local god. This discrepancy is possibly due to a misinterpretation that persisted even after the Greeks had gained a better understanding of Egypt.{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Damanhūr|volume=7|page=783|short=x}}

In ancient Egypt, the city was the capital of Lower Egypt's 7th Nome of A-ment. It stood on the banks of a canal which connected the lake Mareotis with the Canopic or most westerly arm of the Nile.Champollion, L'Egypte, vol. ii. p. 249

The city attracted the notice of numerous ancient geographers, including Stephanus of Byzantium s. v., Strabo (xvii. p. 802), Ptolemy (iv. 5. § 46), and the author of the Antonine Itinerary (p. 154). It is a Roman Catholic titular see.

It was first made a provincial capital under Fatimid rule in 11th century, and in the Middle Ages it prospered as a caravan town on the post road from Cairo to Alexandria. It was severely damaged in 1302 by an earthquake, but in the late 14th century the Mamluk sultan Barquq restored its fortifications to protect the city from Bedouins.

In 1799, the city revolted against the French, who cruelly crushed the rebels, killing 1,500.

In 1986, the population of Damanhur was 188,939. The richly cultivated Beheira province gives rise to mainly agricultural industries which include cotton ginning, potato processing, and date picking. It also has a market for cotton and rice.

On the 10th of February 2023 six people, including three boys, were killed and at least 20 injured when an apartment building collapsed.{{Cite web |last=Hendawi |first=Hamza |date=2023-02-10 |title=Three boys among six killed in building collapse north of Cairo |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/2023/02/10/boy-of-10-among-four-killed-in-building-collapse-north-of-cairo/ |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=The National |language=en}}

• Cyril VI
• Ahmed H. Zewail

{{see also|Nile Delta#Climate}}

Being located close to the Nile Delta and the northern coast of Egypt, that give Damanhur a hot desert climate (Köppen: BWh), moderated by blowing winds coming from the Mediterranean Sea, typical to the coast. The city gets average precipitation during winter, and rare rain during other seasons. Hail and frost are not unknown specifically during winter.

{{Weather box|width=auto

|metric first=y

|single line=y

|location = Damanhur

|Jan high C = 20.0

|Feb high C = 20.0

|Mar high C = 22.8

|Apr high C = 27.2

|May high C = 30.0

|Jun high C = 32.2

|Jul high C = 32.8

|Aug high C = 32.8

|Sep high C = 31.1

|Oct high C = 30.0

|Nov high C = 26.1

|Dec high C = 21.1

| year high C =

|Jan mean C = 13.9

|Feb mean C = 13.9

|Mar mean C = 17.2

|Apr mean C = 18.9

|May mean C = 22.8

|Jun mean C = 25.0

|Jul mean C = 26.1

|Aug mean C = 27.2

|Sep mean C = 25.0

|Oct mean C = 22.8

|Nov mean C = 20.0

|Dec mean C = 16.1

| year mean C =

|Jan low C = 7.5

|Feb low C = 7.9

|Mar low C = 9.6

|Apr low C = 12.1

|May low C = 15.5

|Jun low C = 18.2

|Jul low C = 20.0

|Aug low C = 20.4

|Sep low C = 18.9

|Oct low C = 17.0

|Nov low C = 13.9

|Dec low C = 9.6

| year low C =

|rain colour = green

|Jan rain mm = 25

|Feb rain mm = 21

|Mar rain mm = 9

|Apr rain mm = 2

|May rain mm = 2

|Jun rain mm = 0

|Jul rain mm = 0

|Aug rain mm = 0

|Sep rain mm = 0

|Oct rain mm = 5

|Nov rain mm = 9

|Dec rain mm = 23

|year rain mm =

| Jan humidity = 81

| Feb humidity = 78

| Mar humidity = 76

| Apr humidity = 67

| May humidity = 62

| Jun humidity = 63

| Jul humidity = 67

| Aug humidity = 71

| Sep humidity = 75

| Oct humidity = 77

| Nov humidity = 79

| Dec humidity = 80

| year humidity =

|source 1 = Arab Meteorology Book{{cite web

| url = http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf

| title = Appendix I: Meteorological Data

| publisher = Springer

| access-date = 14 October 2024

| archive-date = March 4, 2016

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072830/http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf

| url-status = dead

}}

|date=14 October 2024

}}

{{portal|Egypt}}

{{reflist}}

• {{SmithDGRG}}

• {{cite web|url=https://www.fallingrain.com/world/EG/03/Damanhur.html|title=Geographical information on Damanhur, Egypt|access-date=2008-03-30|author=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc}}
• https://www.facebook.com/Egy.Dam Official Facebook page for the city
• https://web.archive.org/web/20051107230115/http://www.damanhour.5u.com/en.htm English script
• https://web.archive.org/web/20080321235728/http://www.saeednet.4t.com/ live cam from damanhour
• {{CathEncy|wstitle=Hermopolis Parva|author=S. Pétridès}}

{{Cities of Egypt}}

{{Governorates capital of Egypt}}

{{Egyptian Cities}}

Category:Populated places in Beheira Governorate

Hermopolis Parva

Category:Jewish pilgrimage sites

Category:Medieval cities of Egypt

Category:Metropolitan areas of Egypt

Category:Governorate capitals in Egypt